As the volumes are entering the world of computer graphics the pure volume visualisation becomes a more important tool in for example research and medical applications. But the advance in haptics --- force feedback from the computer --- is behind. In volume haptics no equal to the proxy method so popular in surface haptics has yet emerged. Some implementations of volume haptics even use surfaces as intermediate representations so that surface haptics can be used.The intention of this work was to create natural feeling haptic feedback from volumetric density data using pure volume haptics. The haptic algorithm would be implemented in Reachin API for the Reachin Desktop Display, together with other parts to build up a usable volume visualisation environment.To achieve the feeling of stiffness and friction dependent on tissue type, a proxy based method was developed.

First during early 1960s fathers got access to the labor room in Sweden. Theirparticipation are a relative new trend and it`s not thoroughly described in theliterature. Midwives? responsibility is to give a good and medical safe care, and tocreate a positive childbirth experience for the woman and her partner. No previousstudies have paid attention to midwives' experiences of fathers' presence duringchildbirth.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the high school textbook on religious studies differences in how Christian ethics and in what way it is presented in comparison with the presentation of Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism and it´s ethics. The analyzed material is textbooks from the late 1960s to the 2010s. Due to the survey´s nature the focus is first and foremost the chapters dealing with religious ethical issues and what amount of pages or space the different religions are given in the books. The results from the textbooks are compared with the curriculum that is or was effective during the time the books were published. This is done to determine whether there is a clear link between the books and the guidelines of the curriculum.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga behovet av en testbädd för telemedicinska produkter och att analysera krav som medicintekniska företag ställer på en testbäddsmiljö för samverkan med sjukvården. Målet har varit att konkretisera resultatet i en kommersialiseringsplan för Karolinska Testbädd för Telemedicin och eHälsa, vid Medicinsk Teknik på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset. Vid genomförandet av undersökningen har totalt 19 intervjuer och ytterligare 6 telefonintervjuer genomförts med dels representanter från medicintekniska företag och sjukvården och dels med samarbetsstrukturer för medicinsk teknik och möjliga finansiärer. En enkätundersökning har genomförts för att kvantifiera resultatet från intervjuerna. Webbutskick har gjorts till 279 företag med verksamhet inom områdena medicinsk teknik, IT och telekom.Uppsatsen beskriver hur den kliniska forskningen inom området medicinsk teknik har förändrats de senaste decennierna och hur situationen ser ut idag.

A study by Gulistan Kavak has been done about the therapy school, Liljanschool. The school handles children between the ages seven and twelve who suffer from psychosocial problems. These psychosocial problems may be the children?s? experiences of psychological trauma, attachment-difficulties and anxiety. Therapists, teachers, educators and medical professionals work at Liljanschool. The purpose of this thesis is to see how parents see their children?s? development at the school from there very first day until there last. Three questions have been formulated: How do parents of the children understand the development of the therapy that Liljanschool contributes with? How do the parents think that the school situation has been for their children? Do the school staff´s views and the parent´s views differ regarding cooperation between staff, parents and children?I have done a qualitative study.  In-depth interviews were conducted with the staff of the school and the children?s parents. The results show that the majority of respondents were positive about the school. The analysis shows that through the extension-theory, the children and parents have developed together.

Bakgrund: Till akutmottagningen kommer alla typer av patienter av olika etniciteter, åldrar och kön, med olika skador och sjukdomar och med olika tidigare erfarenheter av hälso- och sjukvården. Patienten har mycket kontakt med sjuksköterskan på akutmottagningen, och därför är det viktigt att mötet mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten uppfattas som positivt. Forskning tyder dock på att detta inte alltid är fallet.Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienten upplever mötet med sjuksköterskan på en akutmottagning.Metod: En litteraturstudie av mixad metod med konvergent design baserad på fem kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa studier.Resultat: Fyra teman framkom: Brist på information och kommunikation; Patienten vill inte vara till besvär; Ointresse och dåligt bemötande samt Bra vård och ett gott bemötande.Slutsats: Mötet mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten på akutmottagningen blev ofta lidande på grund av bristande information, ointresse och dåligt bemötande från sjuksköterskan. Mötet var mer positivt på akutmottagningar på landsbyggden, med anledning av att stressen och arbetsbördan där var lägre.Klinisk betydelse: Genom att öka medvetenheten om problemen som belyses i denna studie och genom att implementera resultatet till akutmottagningar, ges möjligheten att förbättra vården och öka välbefinnandet för patienterna på akutmottagningen..

This study is an investigation of newly arrived young Iraqis and their view on obstacles and opportunities available in a secondary school in Södertälje City. This is also a comparative study between the newly arrived Iraqis schooling in Iraq and in Sweden. We have used theoretical concepts such as culture, ethnicity, refugee, intercultural education, socialization and PTSD. These have helped us to provide distinct guidelines when we analyze newly arrived young Iraqis in Södertälje City. Our approach has been based on qualitative interviews with both students and teachers.

Background: Obesity is one of the fastest growing medical conditions both for children and adults. Children with overweight/obesity risk to be exposed to social discrimination and stigmatization from peers. Stigmatization is when the society labels an individual that deviates from what is considered normal behaviour. Purpose: The aim of this literature review was to describe potential stigmatization of children with overweight/obesity. Method: The study was carried out as a general literature review study.

The Pedagogical progression within MSI ? Based upon The Bologna Process and UPC.In a near future several of the European countries will begin working after new guidelines concerning a declaration called the Bologna process. Everything will be done one step at a time and the declaration will change the way the students are being graded, all this for the sake of making the European labour-market moreopened for all of its millions of students.In Växjö this process is in the making, but to adapt to the future demands the school must also change its ways of teaching.To increase its quality the University has put together a procedure of actions to improve the pedagogical working method in all its institutions. In this essay we would like to elucidate how the work with the Bologna process is proceeding within the institution of Mathematics and System Engineering and whatthey do improve their pedagogical teaching. By doing a qualitative case study on the student at the Computer Science Program we wish to find the answers to our questions..

The securities market was to undergo a major change with the entry of MiFID I in November 2007. EU´s establishment if the directive sets high standards for investment firms to establish internal guidelines in accordance with MiFID I. As right now, the securities market is facing further change with the proposal for MiFID II.MiFID II seeks to overcome MiFID I´s shown deficiencies. The greatest need for change are the rules that secure investor protection, with specific focus on regulation on information service from investment firms to customers. This essay deals with the rules on information service enacted in MiFID I compared to the changes presented in MiFID II to investigate whether the changes could strengthen investor protection as desired.MiFID II is a more detailed framework than its precursor.

Sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvården har ett varierande yrke. Ingen dag är den andra lik och av sjuksköterskor krävs snabba beslut och ett lugnande arbetssätt. I ett rum kan en patient vårdas för en fiskekrok i fingret medan patienten i rummet bredvid är döende. Detta kan göra att personalen mår dålig och blir stressad vilket kan leda till brister i omvårdnaden mot patienterna. Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av avlastningssamtal.

Gyms are populated by more and more people and there is an increased interest in wellness and health. However, there is a downside to the culture that people choose to step into. Exercise can go too far and take unhealthy directions. The purpose of this study is to examine how norms are created in the gym culture and how unhealthy behaviour is reproduced inside the walls of the gym. We have also done research about how a local gym identifies and handles deviant behaviour such as the use of doping and eating disorders.

Att söka hjälp på en akutmottagning kan många gånger innebära ett första intryck i vårdkedjan på ett sjukhus. Mötet på en akutmottagning är ofta kort, därför är det av stor vikt att bemötandet blir så bra som möjligt. Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att söka vård på en akutmottagning. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ litteraturstudie där 12 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades med stöd av Burnand (1996) samt en arbetsgång enligt Fribergs (2006) fem steg. Resultatet identifierade sju huvudområden om patienters egna upplevelser på en akutmottagning.

The term ?health maintenance? was introduced in the 1960?s. A common conception nowadays is that health maintenance is always beneficial. Gestaldo (1997) meant that health education on one hand could give the individual a feeling of autonomy, but on the other hand also put the individual in an inferior position where the teacher represented ?the truth?.

Though death and mortality is an inevitable part of our lives it seems like both the society with its culture and the individual in some way repress death. This study was set to explore how and why the individual holds back thoughts on his/her own death and in which way society affect the individual?s repression of death-thoughts. Using a hermeneutic approach I have interviewed five informants about death and thoughts about death in everyday life. Also for the analysis of the empirical material a hermeneutic approach was used, and the works of Bauman, Giddens, Heidegger, Fromm and May served as a theoretical starting point.