The aim of this study was to examine self-harming women?s own experiences. To try and raise understanding and awareness about how they themselves create their identity and meaning round the self-harming behaviour. Our three questions were; how do the young women conceive society?s reactions on their self-harming behaviour? Do the young women express an imposed or self-elected alienation? If so, in what way? In what way do the young self-harming women construe their own identity in relation to the self-harming behaviour?We have used a narrative approach when we have examined the blogs as life stories in the sense that all our lives and everything in them is a story by definition.

Att äga kunskap om hantering av hot och våld är alltid en värdefull egenskap, speciellt för personal på HVB-hem för utagerande ungdomar. Studien undersöker hur hot och våld definieras, gestaltas, uppstår och hanteras på HVB-hemmen samt hur personal uppfattar hanteringen. Resultatet av sju intervjuer med personal på HVB-hemmen redovisas. Hot och våld är något som är oacceptabelt men vanligt förekommande. Studien visat att hot är vanligare, mer svårdefinierat och oftare förekommande än våld.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

The aim of this study was to find possible relations between behaviour and physiology for puppies during different parts of a puppy test. This work deals mainly with the physiological part of the study. Thirtysix puppies, från five litters, were tested in a behaviour test where heart rate was measured and saliva samples were collected before and after each part in the test. Saliva and urine samples were analyzed for corisol concentration as an indicatior of stress. The tests were performed during two consecutive days in the breeders' home when the puppies were seven weeks old. In addition, heart rate and cortisol levels were also measured in the bitch since we were interested in finding out if there were any relations between physiological levels in bitches and puppies.

This paper is a statistical examination about how the European Parliament views questions about equality between women and men. It focuses on how the members understand gender equality depending on ideological standpoint, nationality and gender. In other words, it focuses on whether the politicians have different point of views depending on which parliamentary political group they belong to, which member state they are coming from or which gender (man/woman) they have.Equality between women and men is a complex problem. This paper is concentrating on two questions; the problem about setting up a European gender institute and the problem about gender mainstreaming.The examination, which is a statistical examination about how politicians were voting in both questions, shows that all variables, ideological standpoint, nationality and gender, are determining factors for their voting behaviour in questions about gender equality. Ideological standpoint is the most important variable, second in place is gender and the least important factor is nationality..

SammanfattningSyftet med studien var att beskriva vilka stressorer vårdpersonalen upplever i arbetet med äldre på ett äldreboende, personalens upplevelse av stressorerna samt vilka copingstrategier de använder sig av i dessa situationer. Studien hade en deskriptiv design. Data samlades in med instrument Daily Assesment of Coping (DCA). Resultatet visade att vårdpersonalen (n 33) upplevde stress vid 86 av totalt 155 möjliga arbetstillfällen. Stressorerna utmynnade i två huvudkategorier; patientrelaterade och personalrelaterade stressorer.

Lidenmark, I & Mäenranta, A. Patienters upplevelser av lungcancer - En littera¬turstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 10 poäng. Malmö Högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2007. Lungcancer är ett hälsoproblem över hela världen. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att utifrån ett patientperspektiv belysa patienters erfarenheter och upplevelser av att leva med lungcancer.

Abstrakt: Stress i arbetslivet för sjuksköterskorna har blivit allt vanligare. Sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö med sjukare patienter, mindre bemanning, minskad kontroll, stöd och återhämtning kan orsaka stress hos sjuksköterskan. Stress definieras som en obalans mellan de krav som ställs på individen och dess förmåga att hantera dem. En hanteringsstrategi är coping vilket innebär hur en individ bemästrar påfrestande situationer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera hur sjuksköterskor vid en akutvårdsavdelning upplever och hanterar stressiga situationer. Metod: En kvalitativ ansats valdes i form av intervjuer som analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre domäner; orsaker till stress, hantering av stress och konsekvenser av stress. Studiens resultat visade att den främsta orsaken till upplevd stress för sjuksköterskorna var när de inte hade kontroll på situationen.

This paper explores the emic use of ?Internet trolls" and trolling behaviour in one specific Internet community. The findings are compared with, and put in relations to the conventional definition of Internet-trolls as individuals who deliberately, typically anonymously, antagonize other users of online common spaces.A forum dealing with matters of relationship issues in the Swedish online community Message Board of Familjeliv.se, was the subject of field-work that provided the basic empirical material for the research; three comparable threads on the subject of infidelity. These could all be said to contain suspected trolling, and such suspicions were also ascribed participants throughout the discussions. The analysis was undertaken mainly in terms of quality of narrative, performance and interaction.A comparative method and a genre analysis out of a holistic and functionalistic perspective is used to shed some light on how forum participants organize themselves and steer narratives towards desired outcomes.

Dog bites pose a threat to public health globally and can lead to infection, disfigurement, incapacity, post-traumatic stress syndrome and even death. In geographical areas where rabies is endemic, bites from infected dogs account for over 90% of the human rabies cases. Children have been proven to be at a greater risk of being bitten by dogs and subsequently contracting rabies than adults. In this cross-sectional study, a school survey was undertaken in association with a rabies awareness campaign in India, to investigate the dog bite incidence and various risk factors associated with dog bites as well as assessing the knowledge of safe interaction with dogs among children in the age group 10-18 years. A total of 1295 questionnaires were collected. 43.2 % (n=556) out of the respondents were boys and 56.8 % (n=731) were girls with a mean age of 14 years.

När ett barn drabbas av cancer berör det både barnet och föräldrarna. Föräldrarnamåste hantera sina egna känslor och funderingar och samtidigt finnas där för detdrabbade barnet. Känslorna kan vara överväldigande och kommer att påverka bådebarnets men framförallt föräldrarnas vardagsliv. Syftet var därför att belysa föräldrarscopingstrategier när deras barn drabbas av cancer. Det genomfördes en systematisklitteratursökning som gav 13 stycken vetenskapliga artiklar.

The origin of the word ?communication? is the Latin word communicare, meaning to make common. The reason for our communication is to share thoughts, feelings and information, we want to affect and confirm.We are used to interpersonal communication, but even if we have had a lot of practice at it during our lives, we still find our selves facing misunderstandings and conflicts. The more people we meet during a day, the greater the chance is for interruptions in the communication.In pharmacy practice, good communication is vital for the client?s health and quality of life.

Background: Different cultures meet to a greater extent than before as a result of the increasing globalisation. Therefore, international leaders have to count on greater differences in behaviour of their employees within organisations than they have experience from. It can consequently be difficult in an international environment to understand what motivate individuals of a different culture. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to make greater understanding for how national cultures influence leaders methods to motivate their employees in an international environment in Spain where two different cultures confront. Performance: The study has been made by 14 qualitative interviews with Spanish and Swedish leaders in Spain.

Idrottsskador har konstaterats vara både fysiskt och psykiskt fenomen, och under de senaste åren har ett ökat intresse för den psykologiska faktorn visat sig. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan upplevd stress och frekvensen idrottsskador hos elithandbollsspelare samt att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan grundanspänning (trait anxiety) och situationsspecifik anspänning (state anxiety). Ett tredje syfte är att undersöka huruvida en idrottares stressnivå varierar över tid och jämföra detta med de aktuella spelarnas skadefrekvens. Informanterna var 20 manliga elithandbollsspelare (19-32 år) i elitserien i Sverige, under säsongen 06/07, fördelat på två klubbar. Urvalet som gjordes var ett strategiskt urval, baserat på klubbarnas geografiska lokalisering.

The aim of the thesis was to provide further understanding on how Swedish consumers use the Internet as an information source in their purchase decision process. The subject was investigated from different perspectives: gender, product type and information type. The authors used a quantitative approach, and a survey (n=120) was conducted. It was concluded that men and women are equally influenced by traditional word-of-mouth, but more men than women search for product information online and they are more likely to let their purchase decision to be influenced by it. Women tend more to trust commercial sources.