Inducerad pluripotens innebär att man inducerar mogna celler till att övergå i ett pluripotent stadium och bilda så kallade inducerade pluripotenta celler (iPS-celler). Detta görs till exempel genom viral integration av transkriptionsfaktorerna octamer-binding transcription factor 3 och 4 (Oct3/4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) och c-Myc. Pluripotenta celler har förmågan att bilda vilken vävnadstyp som helst i kroppen och detta vill man i framtiden använda för behandling av olika degenerativa tillstånd så som Parkinsons sjukdom. Idag kan iPS-celler inte användas kliniskt eftersom de ger upphov till tumörtyperna teratom och teratokarcinom vid injektion in vivo. Under de senaste åren har mycket forskning lagts ned på att hitta metoder som förhindrar/minskar teratombildningen. Ett sätt att förhindra detta är genom att låta iPS-celler differentiera, så att deras pluripotensgrad minskar innan de injiceras.

In Italy in 1528 the famous author Baldassare Castiglione published the book Il Cortegiano. In words Castiglione portraits the ideal courtiers and provides a lot of advice on how to achieve the ultimate courtier manner. For example he introduces and explains the words sprezzatura and grazia. His advice spread from Italy and influenced the courts around Europe. My purpose with this study has been two folded. Firstly, I have analysed Castigliones Il Cortegiano in order to examine his vision of virtues and ideals.

The last century, forest fires have decreased in frequency due to efficient fire-suppression along with the growth of the industrial forestry. Since 1990, fire has been reintroduced under controlled forms to recreate burnt habitats. Many species that are dependent on, or benefits from, forest fires have increased since fire was reintroduced. The importance of connectivity is often addressed in ecological research. This is particularly important for species dependent on short-lived habitats such as burnt forests.

Graviditetsrelaterad bäckensmärta är ett internationellt problem och drabbar en femtedel av alla gravida kvinnor med dysfunktion och sänkt uthållighet i vardagliga aktiviteter som följd. 7% har kvarvarande besvär postpartum. Idag finns ingen standardiserad undersökning eller behandling inom området. Syftet var att göra en systematisk litteraturöversikt för att sammanställa vilken eller vilka behandlingar som finns för graviditetsrelaterad bäckensmärta under och efter graviditet och vilken eller vilka av dessa som har effekt i form av minskad smärta och ökad fysisk funktion. En artikelsökning gjordes med sökorden ?pelvic girdle pain AND (pregnancy OR postpartum) AND (physiotherapy OR physical therapy) AND (treatment OR therapy) AND Randomized Controlled Trial[ptyp]? i databaserna Pubmed, CINAHL with full text, Scopus, Web of Science och AMED.

To get the maximal output of your exercise in gym machines, there are different factorsto be considered. For example the strength of the muscle varies dependent on the positionof the muscles. To get the best results of the exercise the load has to reduce and increaseat specific positions.This study was made in cooperation with Caretaker Scandinavia AB, a company forsales, marketing and development in health care. They are general agent for Nordic Gymwho works with manufacturing of equipment and machines for gym and fitness.The aim of this study was to generate a method of measurement to evaluate and controlthe biomechanics of Nordic Gym´s workout equipment. A protocol for an ergonomicanalysis on the equipment has also been elaborated.One of the methods to measure the biomechanics was to measure the torque through thewhole movement.

Background: Obesity has expanded to a nationwide issue that affects millions of people. The healthcare system struggles to handle the epidemic as the problem grows. Studies show that healthcare workers have negative attitudes toward obese and overweight people and that they lack knowledge and proper tools to support this patient group. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a known technique for initiating lifestyle changes with patients. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of MI as a tool for weight loss and sustainable lifestyle changes for people with obesity and overweight. Method: This study uses a literature review methodology with a systematic perspective. Data is gathered and analyzed to investigate how MI affects weight loss.

In Sweden there are 1894 small-scale hydropower plants in operation, which together generate 4.3 TWh of electricity per year according to Swedish hydropower compound (SVKF, 2011). This corresponds to the annual consumption of about 860,000 Swedish households (based on an annual consumption of 5000 kWh). In the mid-1950s there were around 4000 small-scale hydropower plants in operation in Sweden before cheap fossil fuels and uranium competed with them, in the current situation only 1,894 of these are in use. If slumbering small hydropower plants once again would be taken into use and some new ones are built, we would be able to extract about 7 TWh of renewable electricity from these annually in Sweden, representing about 1.4 million households.The thesis intends to calculate and construct a hydroelectric power plant at the existing dam in Olofsfors and give suggestions on how the power station should run during the time that fish migration is greatest in Leduån.The turbine and generator to the station in Leduån at Olofsfors is designed by the height of the fall and the water flow through the dam. The turbine selected for the station is a CK-1000RM turbine with a 4-pole 250 kW generator from Cargo & power turbine Sweden AB, which is expected to deliver 1.2 GWh per year.

Several studies have shown that people misjudge and fail to correctly combine probabilities. An explanation for these tendencies is the conjunction fallacy. Basically, the conjunction fallacy refers to violations of the conjunction rule, which states that the probability of a combination of two independent events (A & B) cannot exceed the probability of neither event (A or B). In connection with the growth of the Swedish gambling market and the fact that betting is an everyday-event containing well-defined probabilities, it is considered to be both up-to-date and relevant to study whether the conjunction fallacy also occurs in betting. Previous studies have shown that people fall victims of the conjunction error, however, only in controlled laboratory settings.

A study was carried in conjunction with the Orthodontic department at Halmstad General Hospital in Sweden to investigate the possibility of reducing cost and manufacture time of dental implant drill guides. The current system involves sending a digital image in STL format to the Materialise factory in Belgium where information of the position of dental implants is translated onto a moulded mouthpiece. Drill guides are placed in the mouth piece which is then returned to the surgeon. The mouthpiece complete with drill guides is then placed in the patients mouth and used as a guide for the implant drill holes. The cost of 10000 sek and a turnaround time of 2 weeks gave rise to the need for a faster and cheaper solution.

On the 26th of January 2010, the Supreme Administrative Court in Sweden gave five rulings which greatly affect the possibility to keep a close company within a family by transferring the ownership of the company to the next generation. The five rulings concern the interpretation of the prerequisite, same or similar activity, which can be found in section 57, clause 4 of the Swedish Income Tax Act.    The prerequisite is fulfilled when an entire or parts of a business is transferred to another close company and the receiving company?s business activity is within the framework of the transferring company?s business activity or when the companies have a similar connection. Depending on which shares that are being evaluated, the prerequisite can refer to both the shares in the receiving or the transferring company. When the prerequisite is fulfilled, a standardized amount of the business income will be taxed as capital gains and the surplus will be taxed as earned income.

This report deals with an exam report written by Olle Hjalmarsson and Thomas Likar, students at Högskolan i Halmstad. The project was carried out for Haldex Traction AB in Landskrona whose business consist of manufacturing automatic all wheel drive systems (AWD-system). These systems consist of a plate clutch which activates all four wheels of a 4-wheel driven vehicle. An important component in these clutches is the accumulator which basically consists of a piston under the load of a spring which creates an oil pressure with the help of an electric motor used for actuating the clutch.At Haldex difficulties has been experienced regarding the assembly of the accumulator parts due to the small tolerances between the piston and the hole of the accumulator in the cast aluminium housing. Attempts have been made to assemble the parts in existing robot cells.

Introduction: The number of hearing impairments in Sweden is increasing. The largest increase is seen in ages 25-44. There are reasons to believe that these impairments are noise induced. Leisure time noise is not controlled in the same manner that industrial noise is. An ongoing conflict between city council officials and rock club owners, musicians and music event organizers about sound levels at smaller live music clubs exceeding the national sound level restrictions created the need for an acoustic intervention project.

Light has always fascinated humans but ever since the invention of the first light bulb, the use of artificial lighting has accelerated dramatically. Darkness has never been as rare as today and the overuse of lighting has created a new phenomenon called light pollution. Most living beings are biologically dependent on the recurrent twenty-four-hour rhythm of light and darkness, called the circadian cycle. Human beings are evolutionary developed after this circadian rhythm and the effects of constant artificial light is yet unknown. Scientists fear the consequences of constant lighting and what it means physically, mentally and philosophically for the human species.

This master thesis is made of two parts. The first part concerns the method and results ofdesigning a motion control system for a piece of research-equipment called BIRGIT. Theequipment is made to be used for research on eyemovements. In the second part, a computermodel of a part of the balance organ in the inner-ear is developed. The work has been done atthe Bernadotte laboratory at S:t Erik Eye Hospital.The equipment the control system is made for is a so-called rotationchair.

Bakgrund: De verksamheter som bedriver miljöfarlig verksamhet enligt miljöbalkenär anmälnings- eller tillståndspliktiga. Dessa företag ska lämnamiljöinformation i förvaltningsberättelsen. Tidigare studier visar attföretagen inte följer denna regel fullt ut. Som förklaring till företagensval av att miljöredovisa eller att inte redovisa sin miljöpåverkan användervi oss av legitimitetsteorin och intressentteorin.Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att för år 2013 se hur väl detillståndspliktiga företagen i Dalarna följer lagen om miljöredovisningoch vilka faktorer som kan förklara deras tillämpning av lagen.Metod: Studien bygger huvudsakligen på kvantitativ metod med inslag avkvalitativ metod. Vi använder en deduktiv ansats för att skapa fyrahypoteser om omsättning, branschtillhörighet, revisionsbyrå ochskuldsättningsgrad.