According to the European Union waste hierarchy, waste should first of all be minimized. Reuse and material and energy recycling come next. Lastly the waste should be thrown at the refuse tip. In the inner city of Stockholm waste handling can be done in various types of ways. The solutions vary as a result of the type of architecture of the building and its condition.

This paper is about the facades and the streets impact on theexperience of the city and how architects can create cities forthe human kind with simple tools that makes a hugh difference forthe experience of urban space.As the cities are growing in a faster rate and as more people moveto the cities, they will also affect more people. The differentstructures that can be found in the cities therefore gets moreimportant and giving design to city structures also gets morecomplex because of our higher demands on urban functions andcontent. It?s difficult to evaluate the ultimate city structuresince all people experience their city in different ways, butarchitects still should be able to create urban spaces thatis suited for the human kind, just as we can create differentbiotopes for flora and fauna. Therefore there must be generalideas of what the human being experience as good or bad and theseshould be guidelines when designing urban space.Since urban space is something that most people experience everyday it doesn´t always have a clear impact on them.

The City Library has a problem getting children interested in reading. Futhermore, there are no clear signs to aid children to navigate themselves to books targeted to their age group. To solve this problem, this thesis aims to design signs that is both illustrative and informative.Of the images that were tested during the research, I would assume that children in such a wide age range requires the simplest level of abstraction from testing the three testing icons, since the second level of abstraction was not interesting enough for the kids. The third, nearphotorealistic level was most liked by the children who were in the city library more often and looked for books themselves..

The ongoing construction of Kristianstad is a trade mall in the city center, the City Hall and the railway station neighborhood is rebuilding, new residential projects are planned and "The healthy garden", "Accessibility for everyone" and "ERA-farms" are also current. Kristianstad has always a sustainable way of thinking in the background during the development and they are trying to meet all three perspective of sustainability: economical, ecological and social. The municipality seeks knowledge both by sharing their own and takes part in other municipalities in the development process..

Rapid urbanisation is putting strains on both the landscape and the city dwellers and the pressure on planning for sustainable and equitable cities is crucial. As many cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are expanding, city planning has trouble keeping up to meet the needs of the growing amount of urban dwellers. Many cities have also been planned with the cars in focus and the needs and comfort of the pedestrians have been overlooked. The capacity of institutions is limited due to centralized government and bureaucracy, as well as corruption. Planning is erratically implemented and it is difficult to know what will happen.

In the 90's the establishment of external trade centers had a strong growth in Sweden, primarily in large and medium cities. Gradually took smaller towns by this development. In larger cities with larger and growing customer base than in small towns were not affected by the trade centers heavily, but in the smaller towns where the customer base was smaller, there was a risk that it created a negative competitive relationship between external trade center and trade in the citycenter. In some cases, competition is a positive development for both the citycenter and external trade areas, but in some cases there was a risk that the center became impoverished. In such situation there are theories that the different variety of different types of goods should be at the center and in external trade center could lead to a balanced trade relationship.

This thesis aims to study the effects of the infrastructure project Västlänken in Gothenburg, a rail tunnel to be built through the city center. The study focuses on the community of Haga where one of the three exits will be constructed and also the surrounding urban environment, to see if the project can be sustainable. Sustainable urban development was selected as the theory, and the term "sustainable" is defined in this study using a number of criteria that two scientists developed. The criteria include economic, ecological and social perspectives on how a place or a geographical area can meet today's needs as well as possible needs in the future. The methods used were semi-structured interviews and content analysis of government documents. Interviews were conducted with various institutions in the city, and companies involved in the planning of the project in Gothenburg.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att studera på vilket sätt stadsbyggnadsprojektet Arabiastranden i Helsingfors kan ses som ett exempel på en generell trend inom samhällsplaneringen. Denna trend handlar om att använda sig av varumärken och estetiska uttryck i den byggda miljön för att marknadsföra och konkurrera på en global marknad. Uppsatsens fallstudieområde är stadsbyggnadsprojektet och stadsdelen Arabiastranden, som representerar konst, historia och design i Helsingforsregionens ambition att uppnå ett varumärke som en ?Art and Design City?. Metoden är baserad på personliga intervjuer, guidning, föreläsningar, planeringsdokument och litteratur.

The Middle Ages in contemporary time ? Salve City; a reconstruction in the Between Land is an essay dealing with the reconstruction of medieval Kalmar. The Salve City is a melting pot of such diverse fields as archaeology, pedagogies, reconstruction, historical tourism, regional development policy et cetera. Together, these parts form a space for research and mediation, business and pleasure, a place where commercialism and historical tourism can function alongside with history enthusiasts and entrepreneurs. Both pros and cons of the use of a reconstructed part of medieval Kalmar are debated..

Detta examensarbete är genomfört i samarbete med produktutvecklingsavdelningen på IKEA i Älmhult.Ingvar Kamprad startade IKEA år 1943 som en postorderfirma. Idag är företaget ett av världens största möbelföretag med 253 varuhus i 35 länder och med en omsättning på 161 miljarder kronor.Compact living är ett område på frammarsch inom inredningsvärlden. IKEA strävar efter att kunna erbjuda marknadskraftig heminredning inom alla områden. 24 hour Living room och dess delprojekt är en utgångspunkt för framtida idéer inom området.24 hour Livingroom är ett projekt där en urban lägenhet på cirka 40m2 skall möbleras för ett compact living. Nyframtagna möbler och prototyper skall förenkla vardagen för en familj på två vuxna och två barn.

Uppsatsen fokuserar på skapandeprocessen kring prototypen av det interaktiva och generativa elektroakustiska verket City Sound Generator. De konstnärliga beslut som togs under arbetsprocessen kommer att diskuteras i relation till rådande tekniska och konceptuella restriktioner, tidigare forskning samt andra kompositörers verk. Vidare kommer dessa beslutsreflektioner ligga till grund för en diskussion kring huruvida prototypens klingande resultat bör benämnas som musik eller inte..

The City is filled with signs of life. It teems with human traces waiting to be discovered. Street art of different kinds prevails behind traffic signs, on posts and electrical boxes. Personally con-structed dogs guard roundabouts all around Sweden and small gardens spire underneath window ledges. In this work I want to identify these phenomena and find out what thoughts inspired these creations.

Denna uppsats är resultatet av en undersökning av två kulturevenemang, Kulturnatten i Norrköping och City Art Link i Linköping. År 2009 arrangerades dessa kulturevenemang med en veckas mellanrum och visar vad respektive stad har att erbjuda inom kulur. Vi ville undersöka hur dessa evenemang skiljer sig åt och hur de används som marknadsföringsverktyg för de aktörer som deltar i evenemangen och även för städerna.Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka och analysera på vilket sätt två kulturevenemang i två städer kan skilja sig åt. De evenemang vi kommer att undersöka är Kulturnatten i Norrköping och City Art Link i Linköping. Vi kommer genom intervjuer att undersöka hur evenemangen fungerar och används.

I och med att globalisering ökar i världen, kan det vara av vikt för företag att se över sitt ar-bete med frågor som går under begrepp så som Global Compact och Corporate Social Re-sponsibility (CSR) samt att ha kunskap i hur samarbete kan ske på olika nivåer i företaget med hjälp av Non Governmental Organizations (NGO). Denna uppsats har valt att tolka be-greppet CSR utifrån de tio principerna i FN:s Global Compact. När ett företag arbetar enligt dessa principer ställs krav på rapportering av hur principerna tillämpas och vilka effekterna blir, vilket skapar goda normer för hur andra företag bör arbeta med dessa frågor. Det finns olika sätt att mäta detta arbete på.Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att ta reda på hur företag i Sydafrika arbetar och agerar vad gäller frågor relaterade till CSR. För att uppfylla syftet ställdes följande frågor; på vilket sätt arbetar företag i Sydafrika med frågor som omfattas av begreppet CSR samt vilka är de främs-ta hindren för att Sydafrikanska företag skall kunna fortsätta implementera CSR i sin verk-samhet? En kvantitativ studie med kvalitativa inslag har genomförts.

Densification is one of the urban visions for sustainable development - a vision that has become a part of the solution to the unsustainable sake dilemma. With the dense city land will be saved, energy consumption reduced and social cohesion improved. The dense city is considered to be ecologically, economically and socially sustainable. Applying an urban design concept has thus proven to be problematic. Density has been found to be a complex concept which is far more complicated than measuring how much built surface that needs to be covered. It is also not disputed what different degrees of densification mean and whether densification in itself is sustainable.