Background Calprotectin is a protein expressed in the cytoplasm inside the neutrophile granulocytes. During inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the neutrophile granulocytes are involved in a complex interaction at the inflammatory area where they die and release their content into the intestinal lumen. Therefore, calprotectin in stool is a suitable marker for diagnosis and measurement of the disease-activity in patients with IBD. The most commonly used method to detect calprotectin in stool is ELISA, but the process of manual preparation of stool samples is time-consuming.Aim The objective of the study was to evaluate an extraction method that could replace manual preparation of fecal samples and to compare different methods for measuring Calprotectin in stool using two ELISA-methods from two manufacturers and one rapidtest.Methods For extraction of calprotectin from stool samples we used sample collector tubes from Epitope Diagnostics and fecal preparation kits from Roche. Two different ELISA-kits for measuring calprotectin concentration in stool were compared.

Bakgrund: Studier har visat att sjuksköterskors utbildningsnivå har betydelse för patientsäkerheten på kirurgiska vårdavdelningar. I Sverige är rollen som specialist-sjuksköterska inom kirurgisk vård ganska okänd och antalet specialistsjuksköterskor inom denna specialitet är få.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka förväntningar specialistsjuksköterskor inom kirurgisk vård har på sin yrkesroll samt att ta del av och beskriva deras erfarenheter av att arbeta som specialistsjuksköterskor.Metod: Kvalitativ studie med deskriptiv design. Specialistsjuksköterskor inom kirurgisk vård (n=29) från fem olika sjukhus deltog i studien. Urvalet gjordes med bekvämlighetsurval. För datainsamling användes ett studiespecifikt formulär med öppna frågor.

In the early 80s, several new synthetic materials have come to be used in the treatment of canvaspaintings, among them Plextol D 360, Plexisol P 550 and Beva 371. Today, many conservatorsfind the information about the long term sustainability of these binding mediums to beincomplete. Evaluation of synthetic materials is mostly done through clinical research, sometimesartificial aging is simulated. The correlation between artificial and natural aging is however notestablished, useful information can therefore be gained through evaluations of actualconservation treatments. The intention of this study is to find out more about how thementioned products perform over time in normal museum conditions.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Breakfast and cognition from a youth perspectiveAuthor: Linn Kruse and Anneli HulldinSupervisor: Anna WinkvistExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 26, 2014Background: Breakfast as an influencing factor on cognition and is often on the table for discussion in society. A lot of research has been done about how omitting breakfast affects adolescents and their short time cognition. Cognition is complex as a concept and is measured in different ways and the existing research in the area often compares different types of breakfasts instead of the difference between eating and omitting breakfast.Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence for an association between adolescents? breakfast eating and short time effects on cognition in adolescents.Search strategy: To find relevant articles a systematic literature search was made in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Search terms that were used were: children, young adults, adolescents, cognition, and breakfastSelection criteria: Ages 12-20 years, measures cognition, RCT, studies comparing breakfast eating with omitting breakfast, human studies, language English or Swedish, no sick adolescents or adolescents with diagnosis.Data collection and analysis: Two original articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed by the SBU audit template for RCT studies.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicin and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Does supplementation of omega-3 during pregnancy affectprevalence of allergy in infants and children?Author: Peter Eliasson, Anna RahmSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 ECTSDate: 2012-04-12BackgroundEpidemiologic research has shown an association between a high intake of fish and allergy.The underlying theory is that allergy develops already at a prenatal stage and food intakeduring pregnancy has been shown to be significant. Conducting research on allergy isproblematic since it has genetic, as well as enviromental, determinants.ObjectiveThis thesis attempts to conclude and evaluate research on a connection betweensupplementation of omega-3 during pregnancy and allergic outcomes in infants and children.Search strategyThe literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Scopus. Among thekeywords chosen were omega 3, supplement, pregnancy and allergy.Selection criteriaHuman RCT, that measured allergy, where the intervention consisted of supplementation withomega-3 for at least ten weeks during pregnancy and ceased at birth.Data collection and analysisThree articles were chosen for this thesis. The articles were examined using templates fromSBU and the quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE.Main resultsNone of the articles showed a protective effect on allergic outcome but in one of the studiesthere was significant reduction in eggallergy and another showed significant lower occurrenceof severe eczema.ConclusionsSupplementation with omega-3 during pregnancy does not occur to have an protective effecton allergic outcome in infants and childen but the evidence for this is considered to bemoderate.

Bakgrund: Långvarig smärta är svår att bota. Smärtan är svår att lindra och kan vara mycket påfrestande för kroppen. Sjuksköterskans bemötande kan påverka patientens smärtupplevelse. Ett gott bemötande kan hjälpa patienten att finna tilltro till vården samt lindra smärtan medans ett dåligt bemötande kan förvärra smärtupplevelsen.Syfte: Syftet är att ta reda på hur patienter med långvarig smärta upplever sin smärta samt hur de upplever sjuksköterskans bemötande i omvårdnaden.Metod: En litteraturstudie har genomförts där tio artiklar rörande långvarig smärta har granskats och analyserats och sammanställts i olika teman. Artiklarna har varit både kvalitativa och kvantitativa.

Horses are herbivores that spend almost all day grazing. While grazing they are infected by different endoparasites through ingestion of infective eggs or larvae on pasture. The most significant equine endoparasites in Sweden are the equine roundworm Parascaris equorum, small (Cyathostominae) and large strongyles (Strongylus spp), the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata and the pinworm Oxyuris equi. For many years have horses been dewormed on regularly basis, which has resulted in the development of resistance to many anthelmintic classes. Because of the problems with resistance it is since 2007 necessary to have a prescription on anthelmintics and faecal sampling is also recommended.

Introduction Malignant lymphoma is the most common haematological blood cancer diagnosis. In spring 2013 a questionnaire was handed out to patients with various haematological malignancies. The results showed that the patients requested more verbal and written information about their disease and treatment. Providing information about chemotherapy and how it affects the patient's quality of life is part of the nursing care. Communication between nurse and patient is very important to share experiences and knowledge with each other Aim The aim is to describe the information and communication patients with malignant lymphoma demand, based on their own experience, in meeting with the nurse before and during curative chemotherapy treatment at a haematology outpatient clinic.

Abstract Aims and objectives. To examine whether an intervention with carbohydrate- counting at onset of type 1 diabetes in children, has had any effect on metabolic indicators such as HbA1c , BMI-sds and total daily insulin / kg, 2 months and 1 year after onset by age and gender .Background. The pediatric department at the university hospital of Norrland in Umeå (NUS), has since several years a higher average HbA1c among children 0-17 years, compare with pediatric departments in the rest of Sweden.  Therefore, in autumn 2011, an intervention was made to teach children with diabetes and their parents to count carbohydrates from the onset of diabetes. Using this method they can regulate their insulin doses depending on the amount of carbohydrates they are eating.Design. This is an empirical registry study done on the basis of a quantitative method.

In this essay, the phenomenon and the concept "meditation" are treated. Meditation is a mental training technique where one develops the ability to choose where to put attention and ability to focus. Techniques for meditation is used individually of people who wants to develop themselves as persons and in therapeutic aims of professional within the field of psychology in order to help people to find solutions of problems within themselves. The aim with this essay were to do a qualitative study in order to see how possible effects of meditation influences daily life of contributory practisian's. Issue has been as follows; which effects have one regularly conducting of meditation on people and their lives? Interviews with four experienced meditators were done in India and the material were analyzed afterwards with the aid of thematic analysis, furthermore in order to link the results with clinical research and established theories about meditation.

Genom studenters utvärderingar av deras verksamhetsförlagda utbildning har det framkommit att de ibland saknat tydlig feedback. Som handledande sjuksköterska är det ibland svårt att ge konstruktiv feedback till studenter. Det upplevs ofta lättare att ge positiv feedback än att tydliggöra vad som måste förbättras. Därför känns det av vikt att beskriva vilken betydelse feedbacken har för studenternas inlärning i klinisk praktik.Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva sjuksköterskestudenters upplevelser av betydelsen av feedback i klinisk praktik. Metoden är en litteraturstudie där analys, enligt Evans (2003), av aktuella vetenskapliga artiklar genomförts.Resultatet presenteras utifrån två teman och 13 subteman som framträtt vid analysarbetet.

Summary:The Clinical Training Center at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala uses new methods for educating and training veterinary students. Among these methods are computer programs. The aim of this study was to create an interactive application based on data from horses CT-scanned at the Center for Medical Image and Visualization at Linköping University Hospital. The purpose of this application is for veterinary students to be able to use multidimensional visualization to study equine anatomy. The resulting application named "EQUINE VIRTUAL ANATOMY - Flash in the Tunnel" consists of data from six heads, one left foreleg and a wooden dalahorse.

Platelet aggregation is a major and common problem in blood samples from cats. This greatly affects the accuracy of counting of the platelets. Because of the difficulties in counting feline platelets, results for patients and reliable reference values for cat platelets are currently so inaccurate as to be almost useless in diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. In this study we used an effective method to prevent platelet aggregation. Blood was collected in CTAD test tubes and prostaglandin E1 was added to the blood sample.

Bakgrund: I handledaruppgifter ingår det att vara rådgivare, kunna ge stöd och vara en trygg person och ge uppmuntran och feedback. Att ge feedback när allt är bra brukar sällan skapa några problem men när studentens prestationer inte är tillräckliga är det inte alltid enkelt att nå fram som handledare på ett pedagogiskt sätt utan att det kan kännas negativt för studenten. Vid klinisk handledning är oftast en tredje part inblandad, patienten och det är då viktigt att handledningen sköts på ett professionellt sätt så att patienten inte känner att hon fått dålig vård och att studenten inte känner sig kränktSyfte: Syftet är att beskriva före detta tandhygieniststudenters erfarenheter av feedback från sina handledare vid klinisk praktikMetod: Ansatsen har varit kvalitativ och sex före detta tandhygieniststudenter har intervjuats med öppna frågor.Resultat: Det visade sig att studenterna ville och behövde mycket feedback. Helst ville de ha feedback direkt efter sin patientbehandling och på ett konstruktivt sätt. Studenter vill känna sig sedda och ha bekräftelse.Slutsats: På en klinisk praktik krävs det resurser genom att det borde finnas tillräckligt med personal föra att genomföra en bra utbildning.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a disease caused by Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV), which is an arbovirus. An arbovirus is a virus that is transmitted by an arthropod vector, in this case a mosquito. The virus is a member of the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. It was first identified in the Rift Valley in Kenya in 1930. The disease is a zoonosis but mainly affects domestic ruminants inducing massive abortions and a high mortality among young animals.