Background: Sweden is a country where vitamin D deficiency seems to be common, partly because of its geographical position, which reduces the availability of UVB radiation, but also that people avoid sunlight due to increased skin cancer risk. Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases such as cancer as well as autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases.Vitamin D is a fat soluble pre-hormone and a collective name for closely related compounds which act as hormones after undergoing a transformation in the body.Humans can utilize vitamin D through diet and produce it in the body by exposing the skin to the sun. Previous observational studies and epidemiological studies have established a hypothesis that there seems to be an association between vitamin D supplementation and reduction of depressive symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D supplements may decrease depressive symptoms.Methods: This work is organized as a literature review and article search is made in the database PubMed in January 2012. Keywords used were ?vitamin D and depression? and inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, be conducted on humans, written in English.

Human Resource Management (HRM) has an increasingly strategic role in today?s organizations as the supply of managers is an integral part of the strategic work. In order to retain competence and knowledge, firms are usually designed so that the employees can develop their careers within the firm. Company X is a company in the financial sector and is an example of such firm. However, at Company X: Department Y, very few employees apply for the management positions when they are announced.

The object with this bachelor thesis is to illustrate if equality is present during the interaction between female and male players in the World of Warcraft with focus on the female players conception. The main question is: How does gender matter in the interaction between female and male players in WoW? This question is particularly interesting because WoW is in its own construction neutral in regards to gender in the aspect that gender does not hinder or benefit your avatar when it comes to the avatars development or possibilities. This bachelor thesis describes the views three of female WoW players and how they perceive the interaction with male players with focus on equality. The informants? personal thoughts and experiences are described.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur undervisningen i historieämnet kan bidra till en interkulturell identitetsutveckling. Min målsättning var att utifrån lärarnas upplägg och metoder kunna dra slutsatser om hur lärare arbetar med den kulturella identiteten i historieämnet. För att får svar på detta har jag dels fördjupat mig i teorin om kulturell identitet och interkulturell kompetens samt intervjuat tre lärare verksamma i olika kommuner i Sverige och med olika stor erfarenhet av elever med annan kulturell bakgrund. Metoden jag använde mig av var kvalitativ intervju där jag intervjuade lärare enskilt och ställde övergripande frågor och dels följdfrågor. Svaren har jag analyserat och resultatet av undersökningen visade att lärarna inte har någon medveten strategi i undervisning utifrån elever med annan kulturell bakgrund i klassen.

When the population is getting older, the need for complex care and nursing interventions in elderly care increases. To create a holistic view of the elder and their life situation, interprofessional team collaboration is often desirable and necessary. Teamwork is often described in positive terms, but previous research has shown that this work method is complicated and requires constant reflection and development. The purpose of this study was to investigate how elderly care teamwork is formed in the interaction between representatives of different professionals. To accomplish this purpose, we have studied how the team members define a well-functioning teamwork and difficulties, and how consensus is achieved in the team.

Background: Nurses´daily has to face death and dying in their work with patients in a palliative state.  This means both emotionell and workrelated challenges. However nurses in this context are not experiencing more stress then others.Aim: The aim is to describe nurses´experiences of caring for patients in a palliative state.Method: A litterature review based on ten qualitative articles published between 2006- 2012. To collect data we used the databases Cinahl, PubMed, Nursing Allied Health Source and Medline. We worked with Fribergs (2006) model ?Contribute to evidensbased care with a base in analyses of qualitative science? in the analysis.Result: Four main themes were identified; The meaning of the nurses´ spirituality in the care, Why the nurse choose to work in this field, To be certain in the professional role and The meaning of the caring relationship.

A part of the midwife?s profession is to promote and support breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to describe the perception of the level of support and advice regarding breast-feeding given to women who have received postnatal care at maternity wards, and to present the opinions of the aforementioned women on how this support could be improved.Method: Women who have given birth at Uppsala University Hospital were routinely asked to fill in internet-based questionnaires regarding their views on the care that they have received. In this study, our data consists of the feedback from four questions in these questionnaires regarding breast-feeding. The answers to the closed questions were presented with descriptive statistics and the comments on two open questions have been analysed with content analysis.Results: Out of 622 women who were cared for at the hospital?s maternity ward after giving birth, 83% stated that they were very satisfied or satisfied with the information and support they received about breast-feeding, and 78% expressed the same views regarding the delivery ward.

Today an increasing number of schools and organizations are investing in so called Learning Management Systems. Researchers disagree on the pedagogical value of these tools. Some mean that Learning Management Systems cement old-fashioned behaviouristic teaching practices; others mean that the systems provide good opportunities in supporting learning in a socio cultural perspective. The aim of this study is to reach better understanding and increased knowledge of how the introduction of a Learning Management System influences the role of the teacher and how the learning is organized. We have conducted two case studies.

Bakgrund: Asylsökande löper större risk att drabbas av psykisk ohälsa än den generella befolkningen, på grund av traumatiska händelser och förlusten av kultur och stöd. Sjukvårdspersonal behöver kunskap om asylsökandes specifika vårdbehov för sin psykiska hälsa och inneha en kulturell kompetens för att kunna ge en personcentrerad vård. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur distriktssköterskor skattade sin egen förmåga att identifiera, bedöma och hantera psykisk ohälsa hos asylsökande. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med enkät som datainsamlingsmetod har utförts. Enkäten besvarades av 53 distriktssköterskor.

The main purpose of this essay was to understand and discuss the problems the Swedishmunicipalities have when missing the profession in cultural preservation area. I have madetwo case studies where competence has been present in one and absent in the other. FurtherI intend to find out what material the Swedish municipalities needs in their work with theconservation of built environment.The first case describes Vallentunas main intersection and the adjustments needed toseparate it from the local rail road. It identifies what the municipality deems importantsuch as sight lines and access to the old church area. The ability to illuminate these itemshad not been possible without the knowledge and early participation of an expert in thefield of cultural resource management.The second case revolves around an old croft in Österåker that was subject for a plannedresidential area.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe intensive care nurses? experiences communicating with patients during mechanical ventilation.Methods/design: A qualitative interview study. Interviews where analyzed using descriptive content analysisSetting: Nine intensive care nurses from two different intensive care units were interviewed using a semi structured interview guide.Background: Past research has shown that patients during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, feel very vulnerable and the helplessness of being unable to speak. These patients feels that they are completely dependent on the nurses and their competence. It has been shown to be very important that the patient feels included, acknowledged and respected.Results: The analyzed data resulted in a theme; through communication strive to preserve patients´ dignity and three main categories; create relationship to the patient, minimize patients´ vulnerability and don´t give up.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka förskolebarns användande av surfplattan, dels undersöks vilka lärandeprinciper som kan kopplas till detta användande dels vilka applikationer som erbjuds och används av barnen. Studien genomfördes på en förskola tillsammans med en grupp barn och deras förskollärare. För att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor, används videoobservation när barnen arbetar med surfplattan i en förskola, där en förskollärare specifikt hade ett intresse att arbeta med surfplattor. Det empiriska materialet består av sammanlagt två timmars videoobservationer. Videoobservationerna sammanställdes och analyserades utifrån tidigare forskning samt utifrån Gees (2005) lärandeprinciper. Resultatet visar att på denna förskola används surfplattan som ett pedagogiskt verktyg. De applikationer på surfplattan som barnen erbjuds att spela på ska bland annat bidra till barnens språkliga utveckling samtidigt som det även finns en idé från förskolläraren om samarbete och turtagning mellan barnen i spelaktiviteterna.

Undersökningen bygger på en fallstudie som genomförts på företaget AstraZeneca. De är ettläkemedelsföretag vars produkter finns till försäljning i över 100 länder. Deras tre speciellaforskningsenheter i Sverige, Clinical Pharmacology Unit (CPU), behöver hela tiden flerfrivilliga som kan agera försökspersoner för forskning och utveckling av nya läkemedel.Syftet i denna studie är att beskriva hur företag kan använda viral marknadsföring iwebbaserade sociala nätverk för att nå sin målgrupp. Vi genomförde intervjuer med försökspersonerför att få en bild av hur de idag får information om AstraZeneca CPU, och för att fåveta hur de blev försökspersoner. Därefter konstruerade vi en webbenkät och frågorna gav osssvar på respondenternas internetvanor och hur de tillämpar informationsspridning på internet.Många människor runt om i världen är idag medlemmar i ett webbaserat socialt nätverk.

The purpose of this paper has been to find out what motives buyers of forest property has for there purchasse, what competence they have in economics and forestry, and what analysis they had done before the purchase. The study is based on interviews with nine different buyers from two geographical areas, five from Hälsingland and four from Småland/Skåne. A forest property is a property where the value to 100 % consist of forest. A part from the interviews every purhase has been analysed in comparison to an estimation of the yield value. The theoretical yield value was estimated with a computer programme.

The cardiovascular system is one of the three major body systems. When an animal in a critical state arrives at the animal hospital, it is important to know the normal parameters in order to assess the patient?s cardiovascular status. Triage is a process where you considerate the patient?s condition instead of check in time, or other criteria.