To distribute goods to customers in urban areas is necessary to support the economic and social development in the cities, but has consequences that affect both residents of cities as well as the environment. The environmental effects of these types of transport involves not only the emissions of various pollutants, but also an increased noise level inside the cities. Many companies and organizations are working hard to change the distribution pattern to streamline transport in the urban area, while environmental impact is reduced. This is in line with what is called the City Logistics. The purpose of this thesis is to create a method for describing and measuring a given transport solution in order to compare it with an altered transport solution to achieve a more sustainable development.

Title: Shall I, shall I not? ? A study of how the intention to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour in Norrbotten is influenced by the financial support from the Structural Funds and the establishment of Ikea in the city of Haparanda. Author: Erica Carlson Tutor: Professor Carin Holmquist/ Docent Monica Lindgren Purpose:The purpose of this thesis is to study what aspects that cause the intention to start a company. Therefore this thesis will look at two different situations, the Structural Funds and the establishment of Ikea in Norrbotten, to try to find out if and how these two situations affect the intention among potential entrepreneurs to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour. Method: A qualitative method is used, since this thesis aims at getting an understanding of a specific phenomena; the intention to entrepreneurial behaviour.

So- called ?Network Based Defense? (NBD) was introduced in Sweden in connection with the transformation of the Swedish Armed Forces in 1999. NBD is based on the U.S. variant Network Centric Warfare (NCW), which in turn is derived from research on the concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). In Sweden the concept was introduced and included not only the Armed Forces but was intended to also support the Swedish civilian agencies in order to create networks and hence share the available information and thus more effective crisis management and to provide more "bang for the buck." In developing the concept of NBD the Swedish Armed Forces used both economic and human resources, in the form of research, new technologies, new organization and new methods.Between year 2004 and 2006 the Armed Forces once again entered the process of reorganization.

This case study, ?The sense of place in a courtyard in Gothenburg?, examines whether the city planners? vision correspond to the residents? perception regarding the sense of place and the physical environment in a courtyard in Gothenburg. By carrying out a questionnaire survey, the inhabitants? perception has been explicated, which we have then compared to the total vision for the design of the courtyard that we have gathered from doing interviews with the planning executive, the developer and the landscape architect as well as reviewing the development plan. The study has shown that the vision coincides relatively well with the residents? perception, but it differenciates when it comes to social aspects.

The starting point of this study is that the news media in general strongly influence which topics determine the public agenda by their choice of what is considered newsworthy. The study is based on articles from two major Swedish daily newspapers, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The aim of our thesis is to establish how the environmental public debate as portrayed in the newspaper corresponds to the environmental discussion within the scientific (subject matter expert) field, that is taught by the academic institutions, or if the two materially differ. The environmental communication discourse at the academic institutions advocates ?episodic? formation as the driving force behind transformation of attitudes and behavioral preconceptions. This episodic formation is aimed at incentivizing change by creating intimacy to the incident by linking cause and consequence to the individual citizen instead of to society as a whole.

En publicerad metod för undersökning av noggrannhet hos DNA polymeraser har undersökts. Metoden bygger på in vitro replikation av lacZ? genen i pUC18 och identifiering av mutationer genom blå vit selektion efter transformation av reaktionsprodukten. I arbetet visas att framställning av templatet till polymerasreaktionen kan göras enligt beskrivning, men att utbytet blev lågt. Polymerasreaktionen med det framställda templatet fungerade även det enligt beskrivning men mängden erhållen produkt var för liten för att ge kolonier efter transformationssteget.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka förutsättningarna för ett samarbete mellan de interna intressenterna i en stads varumärkningsprocess.Utifrån uppsatsens syfte har en kvalitativ undersökning genomförts i form av sju intervjuer med intressenter inom den varumärkesbyggande processen i Södertälje. Vetenskapliga teorier med inriktning på främst varumärkning av städer och samarbeten har används vid analys av den inhämtade informationen.De slutsatser vi har dragit i denna uppsats är att samarbete som strategi är möjlig men att denna kan inneha sina begränsningar när en stad skall varumärkas. Genom att undersöka den varumärkesbyggande processen i Södertälje har vi uppmärksammat den komplexitet som föreligger hos varumärkning av en plats med flera intressenter. Förutsättningarna för ett samarbete mellan de interna intressenterna inom turism- och besöksnäringen i Södertälje anser vi vara möjligt genom engagemang, delat ansvar och kommunikation. Vi anser dock att det ur ett större perspektiv, då en hel stad skall inkluderas, kan uppstå motsättningar om näringar som inte kände en naturlig roll att deltaga skall inkluderas i den varumärkesbyggande processen..

I denna uppsats presenteras grundläggande delar av hyperbolisk geometri. Uppsatsen är indelad i två kapitel. I första kapitlet studeras Möbiusavbildningar på Riemannsfären. Andra kapitlet presenterar modellen av hyperbolisk geometri i övre halvplanet H, skapad av Poincaré på 1880-talet.Huvudresultatet i uppsatsen är Gauss ? Bonnét´s sats för hyperboliska trianglar..

Vårt syfte med studien var att undersöka vad medarbetare i offentlig verksamhet, i vårt fall enpolismyndighet, anser vara viktiga kompetenser att ta hänsyn till vid en individuelllönesättning. Syftet har också varit att undersöka vad medarbetarna upplever som rättvis lön samt att analysera deras upplevelser och attityder kring individuell lön ur ettorganisationskulturperspektiv.Vår undersökning har gjorts genom att intervjua tolv medarbetare inom polismyndigheten iVästra Götaland. Vi har intervjuat medarbetare i tre olika funktioner för att få ett så brettspektrum av åsikter som möjligt. Dessa tre funktioner har varit poliser i yttre tjänst, utredareoch chefer. Empirin har vi analyserat efter teorier om kompetens, rättvisa och organisationskultur.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att de kompetenser som anses viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid individuell lönesättning är arbetskrav, prestationer och personliga egenskaper.

The aim of this study was to understand how social workers deal with honour-related violence, with special focus on the processing from sheltered housing. Our qualitative interviews with social workers that work with this kind of problems show that there are both obstacles and opportunities in the processing from sheltered housing. On the negative side are the loneliness, the shame and the guilt that the girls may experience when they need to leave their families. The social services can both be an obstacles and an opportunity. When the girls need to create a new life in a new city they have a lot of opportunities and in the same time it is hard to get to know new friends when you don´t know the city or have much money.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how four companies in Värmland, Sweden, are working strategically with their brands. This is a qualitative method in which we have used a combination of interviews and literature review in order to investigate the link between brands and the Karlstad region.Even though there is a huge interest in brands, there are only a few companies who can describe clearly what their own brand represents. This probably due to the fact that the brand is still regarded as a tactical tool, rather than as a strategic one. Because of this we find it very interesting to investigate how organizations in Värmland think about this issue. Are brands regarded as a strategic resource, and how strong is the link between their brands and the region?The result indicate that organizations are working strategically with their brands, but they can still get better.

The purpose of this work is to study a circulation project in Enköping municipality, where the society?s rest products are used to make beneficial products. In Enköping the rest products from waste treatment plants and private sewers are used to fertilize and irrigate Salix plantations that later are harvested and burned at the local combined heating and power plant, ENA Energy AB, to produce electricity and heat. Possibilities to apply this kind of project ona municipality in Russia are also explored.Guryevsk municipality in Kaliningrad region was chosen since there is a need to improve energy systems and reduce emissions to water and air. This municipality strives to become environmentally friendly.

The aim of this master?s thesis is to examine the discourses aboutthe future of Malmö City Library expressed by the chief librariansSven Nilsson and Elsebeth Tank. Furthermore, our intention is tostudy the relation between the two. The questions posed in thestudy are: how does chief librarian Sven Nilsson express the futureof Malmö public library between 1989-1997? How does chieflibrarian Elsebeth Tank express the future of Malmö City Librarybetween 2008-2010? How does Sven Nilsson?s and ElsebethTank?s thoughts and visions of the future correlate?Our theoretical and methodical building ground is in the discourseanalytical field, with Ernesto Laclau?s and Chantal Mouffe?stheories about discourse and society, as startingpoint.

This essay is about security and safety in the city. More precisely it is concerned about the role of the institutions that aims to raise the perceived security and safety and their understanding of these concepts. I study two of the municipality's project in this field in the city of Malmö. Documents concerning these projects are analysed with a discourse analysis inspired by Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau as well as Michel Foucault. The two projects consist of one discourse each; the surveillance discourse and the discourse about meetings.

This thesis intends to examine the role of the city, Dublin, in the Irish economic growth during the 1990s. It is a case study where Dublin is compared with current theories on post modern cities as growth machines and increasingly prominent actors in the global context. The study has an interdisciplinary approach but focuses on political science issues such as power distribution, global-local governance and local political organisation. It is a theory driven study that also intends to add aspects to the understanding of the cities of our time. I argue that Dublin has faced a lot of changes during the last decades in accordance with the post modern city.