Alkoholkonsumtionen i Sverige har ökat drastiskt de senaste tio åren med stigande alkoholrelaterad ohälsa i befolkningen som konsekvens. Distriktssköterskans preventiva och promotiva arbetssätt kan vara ett viktigt element i folkhälsoarbetet mot denna ohälsa.Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att utifrån befintlig forskning beskriva distriktssköterskans preventiva arbete för att motverka alkoholmissbruk hos vuxna i primärvården. Frågeställningarna var om det har någon effekt och om det fanns hindrande faktorer för detta arbete. Metoden som användes var en systematisk litteraturstudie där artikelsökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL, Swemed+ och Medline. Åtta artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats ingår i föreliggande litteraturstudie.

Studiens syfte var att, genom en 12 veckor lång intervention bestående av ett medvetet arbete med läsförståelsestrategier, bidra till ökad förståelse av sambandet mellan undervisningsmetod och elevers läsförståelse samt elevers och lärares upplevelse av detta arbete. Interventionen i studien genomfördes med för- och eftertest av både avkodning och läsförståelse, elevenkäter samt samtal med inblandade lärare för att tolka upplevelsen hos dessa två grupper. Testresultaten tolkades kvantitativt och enkäter samt lärarsamtal genomgick en kvalitativ bedömningsprocess. På det test som mäter läsförståelse framstod en grupp som de stora vinnarna i arbetet med läsförståelsestrategier, nämligen den grupp som i förtestet uppnådde stanineresultat 1-3. Elevgruppen med stanineresultatet 4-9 i förtestet visar ingen märkbar förbättring på eftertestet.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to examine and analyze what discourses about children that can be found in three Swedish culture publications, and also to identify the different social roles that are attributed to children in these publications. The theoretical and methodological background is discourse theory, as described by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. Additional theory used is social constructionism and Norman Fairclough?s critical discourse theory. Three questions are asked: What discourse/s can be found in these publications? What do these discourses tell us about the view on children within the library domain? What social roles are attributed to the children in the texts and what consequences do these have for the power configuration between children and adults? Furthermore there is a discussion concerning what effects these discourses might have on the direct and indirect reception of children in the library.

The purpose with the essay was to study the school and the social welfare personnel respectively along with their perspectives and views on their collaboration in the work with socially exposed children and how the collaboration was formed.To get answers to my questions, I interviewed three teachers and three social welfare secretaries. The questions and the analysis were divided into themes: the collaboration between school and social services now and in the future, development of collaboration, and facilitation and difficulties.When analysing the interviews I found a consensus in some questions. All interviewed agreed on the importance of collaboration for the welfare of the child through continuous meetings. The relationship and dialogue between school and social services was vital. Both teachers and social welfare secretaries found it essential not to be seen as a hidden authority.

The purpose of this thesis has been to examine preventing child sexual abuse in four elementary schools in Stockholm, Sweden. The study is based on qualitative interviews with school counselors. The aim of this thesis was to find out how and if elementary schools in Sweden work with preventing child sexual abuse. The aim was also to examine how the school counselors reason about the schools efforts to prevent child sexual abuse. Their statements was analysed with Foucault?s theory about sexual history to get a deeper understanding for why people reason the way they do when it comes to issues like this.

Monroedoktrinen skapades 1823 av den amerikanske presidenten James Monroe. Sedan dess har doktrinen utgjort en betydande del av den amerikanska utrikespolitiken gentemot Latinamerika. Medvetet eller omedvetet har doktrinen blivit en integrerad del i den amerikanska säkerhets- & utrikespolitiken. Genom Monroedoktrinen och dess korollarier har USA haft en förevändning att intervenera närhelst de ansett att intressena, som ska tillvaratas i doktrinen, har utmanats. Vi har i denna uppsats valt att analysera tre fall av amerikansk intervention i Latinamerika med målet att finna en gemensam drivkraft bakom amerikansk utrikespolitik i Latinamerika.

My main question in this essay has been: why does the preschool advocate being outdoors? How should we respond to parents who have a different view on this? Children's right to participation and influence is also a question that I raise. How should we preschool teachers do when we stand between the child's desire to be out and the parents wish that their child should be indoors? By reading what is written in the preschool curriculum on children's influence, I have come to the conclusion that we preschool teachers must listen to what the children express that they wish to do, otherwise we go against our policy documents.My dilemma is about how to respond to parents who have a different opinion on being outdoors than we have. Many parents express an aversionagainst their children having to be outdoors.

This paper aims to examine how children who have experienced violence against their mother experience their school and if the school somehow can compensate for the vulnerable situation of the children?s home situation. The data is an already collected material there interviews with abused children are done. The results presented consist of the previous research in the area where the empirical material analyzed from the developing ecological theory and based on children's different abilities to master life and then give an voice to the collected research. The results showed that if the violence in the family does not affect the child's sleep or the parents do not prioritize enough for the child to get the sleep he/she needs and that the child is not serious difficulty concentrating, it seems that children can use school to learn and enjoy this learning.

I denna studie har en intervention gjorts för att undersöka om det leda till att elever i lågstadiet får en större förståelse taluppfattning än innan. Utifrån förtester som gjordes i en årskurs 1 valdes fyra elever ut för att under sex tillfällen få delta i en intervention där de presenterades för olika användbara strategier vid räkning av olika matematikuppgifter. Efter varje tillfälle fick hela klassen, inklusive interventionsgruppen, göra tester för att se hur klassen utvecklas inom området gentemot interventionsgruppen. När interventionen var klar gjordes två eftertester för att se hur effekten av interventionen höll i sig.Resultatet visade att de flesta eleverna i interventionsgruppen fick ett bättre resultat än innan. Under interventionens gång kan man se att eleverna utvecklats och blivit mer säkra inom området taluppfattning.Inspirationen till detta arbete kom ifrån studier som bland annat Fueyo och Bushell Jr (1998) och Kaufmann, Handl och Thöny (2003) genomfört.

Syftet med denna studie är att genom en litteraturöversikt beskriva arbetsterapeutens användande av grupp som intervention för individer med psykisk sjukdom. För att besvara syftet valde författarna att göra en litteraturstudie för att få en fördjupad kunskap samt beskriva befintlig kunskap inom det valda området. Datainsamlingen skedde genom att författarna noggrant valde ut tre lämpliga sökord; arbetsterapi, intervention och psykisk sjukdom. Utifrån sökorden skedde datainsamling via utvalda databaser, sökningen utmynnade i tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Författarna valde sedan att analysera de utvalda vetenskapliga artiklarna utifrån ett manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Public health focuses on interventions related to physical activity during leisure and at work under conditions where health care is offered during working hours. Increased physical activity offers many positive effects on health in general and reduces the risk for most injuries and illnesses. Female cleaners represent a profession that is largely composed of women at high risk of overload injury and rarely participate in wellness initiatives offered at workplace. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 20 minutes of daily physical exercise for 10 weeks of intervention for healthy female cleaners. A total of 40 female cleaners in a larger organization participated in the study and were divided in into an intervention group and a control group.

Over the past thirty years, the living conditions of intersex people have received attention both in Sweden and internationally. A particularly intense debate has emerged from a human rights perspective, focusing on medical interventions and treatments performed on children with intersex variations. These procedures are often carried out at an early age without the child?s consent. Several UN committees have highlighted that such interventions risk violating fundamental human rights, including the right to consent, protection against torture and inhuman treatment, as well as Article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child: the principle of the best interests of the child.

Early contact with both parents is important for children and it is important to reach out to both mothers and fathers through parental education groups. Parent education program for fathers can lead to more fathers taking parental leave and becoming more involved in the care of their children. A lot of men lack support from the community after the birth of their child. The aim of this study was to illustrate district nurses? experiences of meeting first-time fathers.

Konflikterna i Somalia respektive Darfur (Sudan) är två av likartad karaktär men med olikautfall, i den tidigare initierades och genomfördes en intervention medan i den senare har ensådan uteblivit. I fallet Somalia tog det inte lång tid innan FN med USA i spetsen hade tagitplats i landet med avsikt att få till stånd ett slut på den interna konflikten. Fallet Darfur är avlikartad karaktär där hundratusentals människor redan mist livet och än fler drivits på flyktmen till skillnad från Somaliakonflikten har ingen intervention ännu initierats. Med bakgrundoch en historisk överblick till konflikternas start görs ett försök att analysera de båda utfallen.För att förstå situationerna använder vi oss av fem olika förklaringsvariabler,aktörsperspektiv, system, media, suveränitet och intressen. De olika förklaringsvariablerna gertillsammans en sammansatt bild av vilka faktorer som spelar en avgörande roll i huruvida enintervention har goda eller mindre bra förutsättningar att bli ett faktum.

Child poverty in Sweden as a social phenomenon has been highlighted in various debates and in poverty research during the recent years. Children's economic vulnerability has gotten more place in research. An interest to highlight child poverty awakened and this study highlights child poverty through a resource perspective among children in preschools. This study aims to examine how preschool teachers perceive the child's assets to various resources as well as how preschool teachers perceive the impact of the preschool where they work on children's access to these resources. The study is qualitative and has used interviews as a tool.