The objective of this work was to compare the environmentally gentle soil scarification technique Huminmix (with possibilities to do track-grinding/HMMspår, long-scraping/HMMlångfläck and mounding/HMMhög) with conventional disc trencher, concerning seedling establishment and growth of direct seeded and planted Scots pine seedlings. Inventories were made during June and July 2005, in 34 seeded and 6 planted stands from 2000 ? 2004 (1- 5 years old) of lichen- and myrtillus/vaccinum-type in Holmen Skog AB´s district Norsjö in Västerbotten. The Huminmix-technique had been used for HMMspår in the seeded stands and for HMMhög in the planted stands (HMMlångfläck has been used from the year 2006 for direct seeding). The studied stands had been seeded with the same amount of seeds according to stand data.

AbstractAim of the study: Aim of the study was to investigate whether there were any connections in time between different parts of care in patients with cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment and cognitive and physical function six months after cardiac arrest and to investigate neurological outcome related to primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm after six months and if there were any changes in cognitive and physical functions as well as self-related health between discharge from hospital and six months after cardiac arrest.Method: The study included 39 patients admitted to three Swedish hospitals between 2008-2011. Cognitive and physical function was evaluated with Cerebral Performance Cathegory, CPC completed with Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE for cognitive function and Bartels Index, BI for physical function and Euroqol-VAS for evaluating the self-related health.Result:  A significant connection was shown between time to start hypothermia treatment and BI, patients with longer time showed improved physical function after six months.Majority of the participants (66,7 %) had Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia, VF /VT, as primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm and in this group CPC and BI was significant better compared with the asystole /Pulsless Electrical Aktivity, PEA group.CPC, MMSE, BI and Euroqol-VAS were all improved over time.Conclusion: Participants with VF /VT as primary registered cardias arrest rhythm had significant better cognitive and physical function 6 months after hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest compared with participants with asystole/PEA as primary registered rhythm. This shows the importance of access to defibrillators in public places in the society and in hospitals and optimal education of lay people and medical staff. Cognitive and physical function and self-rated health improves over time, which might be a very important reason to convey patients, relatives and medical staff to continue cognitive and physical rehabilitation. Keywords: Cardiac arrest, hypothermia, cognitive and physical function, wellbeeing.

Bakgrund: Tv?ngsv?rd enligt Lagen om psykiatrisk tv?ngsv?rd (LPT) inneb?r att v?rd kan ges utan patientens samtycke n?r det finns en allvarlig psykisk st?rning och behov av v?rd som patienten mots?tter sig. Sjuksk?terskans ansvar omfattar att uppr?tth?lla patientens r?ttss?kerhet och autonomi trots de tv?ngs?tg?rder som kan bli aktuella. Personcentrerad v?rd inneb?r att anpassa insatser efter patientens unika behov och f?ruts?ttningar, vilket ?r s?rskilt viktigt f?r att bevara patientens v?rdighet och skapa delaktighet ?ven under tv?ng.

AbstractAim of the study: Aim of the study was to investigate whether there were any connections in time between different parts of care in patients with cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment and cognitive and physical function six months after cardiac arrest and to investigate neurological outcome related to primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm after six months and if there were any changes in cognitive and physical functions as well as self-related health between discharge from hospital and six months after cardiac arrest.Method: The study included 39 patients admitted to three Swedish hospitals between 2008-2011. Cognitive and physical function was evaluated with Cerebral Performance Cathegory, CPC completed with Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE for cognitive function and Bartels Index, BI for physical function and Euroqol-VAS for evaluating the self-related health.Result:  A significant connection was shown between time to start hypothermia treatment and BI, patients with longer time showed improved physical function after six months.Majority of the participants (66,7 %) had Ventricular fibrillation/Ventricular tachycardia, VF /VT, as primary registered cardiac arrest rhythm and in this group CPC and BI was significant better compared with the asystole /Pulsless Electrical Aktivity, PEA group.CPC, MMSE, BI and Euroqol-VAS were all improved over time.Conclusion: Participants with VF /VT as primary registered cardias arrest rhythm had significant better cognitive and physical function 6 months after hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest compared with participants with asystole/PEA as primary registered rhythm. This shows the importance of access to defibrillators in public places in the society and in hospitals and optimal education of lay people and medical staff. Cognitive and physical function and self-rated health improves over time, which might be a very important reason to convey patients, relatives and medical staff to continue cognitive and physical rehabilitation. Keywords: Cardiac arrest, hypothermia, cognitive and physical function, wellbeeing.

I sen dräktighet och vid laktationens inledning avger mjölkkor stora mängder kalcium till fostret och mjölkproduktionen. Kons förmåga att upprätthålla kalciumbalansen sker med hjälp av mobilisering av kalcium från skelettet samt upptag av kalcium från tarmen, mekanismer som regleras hormonellt, huvudsakligen av parathormon (PTH) och 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). Om kons regleringsmekanismer inte lyckas återställa kalciumkoncentrationen i plasma drabbas djuret av klinisk hypokalcemi som kan orsaka kalvningsförlamning. Flera olika strategier har etablerats för att förebygga denna utveckling. En väletablerad metod är lågkalciumdieten som syftar till att stimulera djurets metabolism för att öka aktiveringen av de endogena regleringsmekanismerna vilket resulterar i en bättre förmåga hos djuret att återställa kalciumförlusterna.

Vid va?rderingar anva?nds ofta den hedoniska prismodellen fo?r att ra?kna ut och uppskatta bostadspriser. Modellen bygger pa? en bostads egenskaper, sa? kallade va?rdepa?verkande faktorer direkt knutna till objektet, och det a?r en sammanva?gning av priserna pa? varje egenskap som sedan utgo?r det uppskattade priset pa? bostaden. Genom att granska tidigare forskning i form av litteratur och rapporter underso?kte vi dels hur den hedoniska modellen a?r uppbyggd, vilka faktorer som inkluderas samt varfo?r, men ocksa? hur psykologiska faktorer och mo?nster pa?verkar ma?nniskor och deras uppfattning av miljo?er.