Background: In a world that are becoming more and more aware of the climate changes that occur as a consequence of the increasing emissions around the world companies? experience that the opinion blame the internal processors for this. Many companies feel forced to align their strategies to the environmental goals set by the community. Some of the emissions the companies? operations can be linked to business trips and it is therefore interesting to see how these can be reduced by using different performance measures.

The main aim was to investigate the provenance of Viking age antler material findings of moose and red deer from Sigtuna and from three sites on the island of Gotland in the Baltic sea. This was done by analysis of the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. Thre were never any living population of these mammals on Gotland during the Viking age.?34S-values of sulphur from this study was compared with earlier research and by studying maps of the Swedish bedrock. The ?34S-values were more like the ?34S-value for bedrock other than European granite.

Title: A Business Perspective on Reducing the Climate Impact from Tetra Paks Transportations of Goods. Authors: Pär BerglundSebastian Lyngström Supervisors: Lars J Nilsson, Environmental and Energy Systems, Lund UniversityNils Månsson, Department of Business Administration, Lund University Problem Analysis: Increased awareness concerning climate change will put pressure on companies to reduce their climate impact. Problems arise when trying to reduce the impact from transportations due to companies? limited control on forwarding agents and difficulties measuring the emissions. Purpose: From a business perspective, this report will enable a reduction of the climate impact that arises from Tetra Paks transportation of goods.

Transportation constitutes a large part of the forest industry's raw material costs. Transport also contributes a significant proportion of the carbon dioxide emissions. In order to reduce both the cost and environmental impact different types of decision support are required. These, in turn, require extensive information about the road network and correct information on road path selection and transport distances. In the development of national road data base for forestry (SNVDB) a road selection application has been included.

This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount of carbon dioxide emissions during their maintenance. The purpose has also been to see if it's possible to use city wastewater in some extent to assure the plants water supply and to find other means to make it less necessary to use purified water for watering. Recently made studies as well as older ones show how important green areas are in dense city structures both from a health and a climate perspective. Trees and other plants adsorbs different forms of air pollution and can also lower the temperature in the surrounding area through their transpiration.

Global warming is going to affect our society in many ways. One can say that the problem we face has two different sides. One of those sides has received a lot of attention, namely how we can reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases. However, because of the climate system's inertia the climate will continue to evolve over a period, no matter how much we will cut back on emissions. Because of this, we have to start adapting our society to the climate changes that we cannot influence.

This report analyzes disposable packaging and returnable packaging with the methods life cycle analysis and life cycle costs analysis. These two different packaging are analyzed through the company Clas Ohlson?s packaging-flow. To get a picture of how the flow works, a visit at the company and email contact have been done with Clas Ohlson to get relevant informationToday Clas Ohlson has a big flow of articles to the stores without larger variations in the demand, with the exception of autumn, which is when customers start shopping for Christmas. Clas Ohlson?s articles are placed on a pallet and are wrapped into plastic-film for protection and to make sure that nothing will be stolen.

Klimatförändringarochväxthuseffektenärämnensomdebatterassågottsomdagligenisamhället.Enviktigfrågaidebattenärlivsmedelskonsumtionensbetydelseförklimatförändringarna.Idettaarbetestuderaskonsumenterssynpåtreolikasvenskaklimatmärkningar;SvensktSigill,KRAVochCarbonFootprint.Förattmöjliggöraförkonsumenternaattgöraaktivavalavlivsmedelsomärbättreurklimatsynpunkt,harKRAVochSvensktSigilltillsammansiettgemensamtprojektarbetatmedatttaframenklimatmärkning.Allaproducenterochföretaganvänderintedennamärkning,utanhariställetvaltattanvändasigavensåkalladproduktmärkning,CarbonFootprint,somredovisarenenskildproduktsklimatpåverkan.Syftetmedsamtligamärkningarärattunderlättakonsumentensvalavmerklimatvänligalivsmedel.Idettaarbeteharkonsumenternassynpåklimatmärktalivsmedelstuderatsgenomenkätundersökningar.Urvalsmetodenförenkätundersökningensomanvändesärettsåkallatpåstanna?urvaldärenkäternadelasut,idettafallienlivsmedelsbutik,tilldepersonersområkarpassera.Enkätenbestodavfrågorsomrördebådekonsumentenssynpådensåkalladeklimatfråganochvilkaåtgärderkonsumenternaansågbordegörasförattminskamatenspåverkanpåklimatet.Huvuddelenavenkätenbehandladefrågorsomsyftadetillatttaredapåkonsumentenssyn,inställningochkunskapomklimatmärkningarna.184konsumentersvaradepåenkätenochdengenerellabildenärattklimatfråganärenmycketviktigfråga.Konsumenternasinställningtillenklimatmärkningvisadesigvaramycketpositivdärhela85procentinstämmeriattdetvorebramedenklimatmärkningavmat.Denallmännauppfattningenblandkonsumenternaärattklimatförändringarnaärencentralfrågaoch77procentanserattkonsumenternabörändrasinamatvanorförattbromsaklimatförändringarna.85procentanserattdetvorebramedenklimatmärkningsåattdetblirenklareattväljalivsmedelsomärbättreurklimatsynpunkt.Mångaavförslagentillförändringarsomkonsumenternakangöraförattminskasinklimatpåverkanärkonsumenternavälförtrognamed,mendetärintealltiddeföljerdem.Inställningentilldeolikaklimatmärkningarnaärrelativtgodochigenkänningenär69procentförSvensktSigillochhela93procentförKRAV.MärkningenCarbonFootprintäridagsynnerligenokändiSverige.Sammanfattningsviskankonstaterasattdetföreliggerettstortintresseförklimatfråganblandkonsumenterna.Entydligochenkelklimatmärkningavlivsmedelsomgördetmöjligtförkonsumenternaattväljalivsmedelsomärbättreurklimatsynpunktefterfrågansochskulleuppskattas.Kunskapenomdebefintligaklimatmärkningarnaärmycketbegränsadochdetkrävstroligtvismycketarbeteföratthöjakunskapsnivånkringklimatmärkningar..

The objective of this work was to introduce measures to reduce energy and water demand at Gävle Söder 17:10. To succeed, this energy audit has been made. The work is based on collected statistics from the property owner Norrporten, measurements, literature review and through consultation with experts in the field. Two models, one for each building, have been created in the simulation program BV2 to estimate the potential of energy measures based on the collected information. The models in BV2 have been verified against the statistics of the energy consumption.With the help of calculations and simulations, seven cost-effective measures have been identified.

The City of Stockholm has decided to invest in renewable energy and especially in photovoltaics. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the photovoltaic potential on roof areas that the city possesses and to further investigate some buildings of the Property Management Department. The thesis also compares some existing photovoltaic plants with the solar irradiance map which shows available roof area on each building in Stockholm. The report ends with a literature study about the climate impact and greenhouse gas emissions of photovoltaic.The total available roof area suitable for photovoltaic plants is estimated to 700 000 m2, with a potential electricity production of 110 GWh per year. This corresponds to 17 % of the City of Stockholm?s yearly electricity consumption.

Resulting from anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, average surface seawater pH is estimated to decline from today's approximately 8.05 to between 7.78 and 8.03 towards 2100. For ionisable organic pollutants, changes in pH can lead to a change in the degree of ionisation, which could influence the ecotoxicity of a compound by altering its bioavailability. In this study, potential changes in ecotoxicity of ionisable organic compounds resulting from ocean acidification are examined. This is achieved partly by conducting a literature review, analysing existing literature that investigates this relationship. Potential changes are also evaluated by examining marine ecotoxicity data for ionisable organic compounds on the watch list pursuant to Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, as well as on the list of priority substances according to the 2022 proposal for amending the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC).

The European Council agreed in 2008 on a climate and energy package to combat global warming. This package is valid for each EU member country and means that greenhouse gas emissions must fall by at least 20% and the EU's energy use to 20%, consisting of Renewable Energy in 2020. The Swedish Government has set stringent climate and energy with the intention to set an example for the rest of Europe. For example, renewable energy sources account for at least 50% of energy use and our climate emissions to fall by 40% by 2020. A combination of these goals and a steadily rising oil price has led to an increased demand for wood fuel in the form of such branches and tops.

Climate changes today are mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and the increased emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and this has raised questions on how to reduce the usage of fossil fuels. Ethanol is a good alternative to conventional gas and has been used in Brazil since the 1970 ?s. In Sweden several newspapers has written about the poor working conditions on many farms thus making the Swedish company SEKAB design a certification for their ethanol to ensure that it can be considered to be a sustainable alternative.Furthermore WWF has developed a certification tool called Bonsucro in cooperation with Coca Cola, Ferrero group, BP and Shell. This is due to the fact that no global certification tool has been available up until now.

Road transports stand for a great part of Sweden?s total CO2-emissions. Transports are expected to increase over the coming years, and with those the emissions. A greater environmental awareness leads to increased demands for environmentally friendly transport. The aim of this thesis is to study the consequences of changing transportation modes from road to railway.

The castration of piglets is performed routinely all around the world. Most castrations are done without anaesthesia and analgesia, despite the fact that this procedure has been proved to induce acute pain and stress for the piglets. The procedure regarding castration of piglets is currently a hot topic of debate and an important political issue. The underlying issue is the boar taint which are highlighted in the heating of the meat after slaughter, which in turn can lead to reduced meat sales as it can be perceived as unpleasant for many consumers. The purpose of this study is to examine alternative drugs which may be selected in order to replace the practice of castration of piglets without anaesthesia, in light of improved animal welfare.