Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor och med hjälp av mammografi kan bröstcancer upptäckas i ett tidigt skede. Mammografi är dock inte alltid är den bästa modaliteten att diagnostisera bröstcancer med eller för att bedöma cancern. Vilka kvinnor är det egentligen som får magnetresonansetomografi som en kompletterande undersökning ellersom screening? Genom denna litteraturstudie har vi sammanställt detta. MRT som komplement till mammografi kan användas bland annat för kvinnor som har en känd ärftlig faktor att utveckla bröstcancer.

Success in treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy against different types of cancer tumors is limited by side-effects such as hearing loss which can have a large impact on the individual`s quality of life. It is of great importance to continue with studies that address this complex of problems.Objective: The aim of this literature review is to investigate the impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on hearing in children and adolescents treated for different types of cancer.Method: A descriptive review of literature was made based on sources from 15 different studies on the impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on hearing in the target group.Results: The survey of the studies shows that platinum-based chemotherapy causes incidence of hearing loss by differing degree in the target group. Dosage of a platinum-based substance appeared to be the most significant factor. Treatment with both cisplatin and carboplatin was more ototoxic than treatment with only one of these. Greater risk for hearing loss was to a higher degree observed in younger children.

ABSTRACTBackground Calprotectin is a protein found in the cytoplasm of neutrophile granulocytes. In the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), calprotectin is released during chronic inflammation in the gut. Activation of neutrophils during the inflammation is followed by activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules such as calprotectin. Calprotectin is stable in stool up to 7 days and can therefore be used as a non-invasive marker for diagnosis, treatment and measurement of the disease activity in patients with IBD. The most common method for analysis of calprotectin concentration is ELISA.

Bakgrund: Antalet cancerfall ökar konstant, men tack vare förbättrade metoder för att upptäcka och behandla cancer överlever allt fler denna sjukdom. Både sjukdomen och dess behandlingar kan ge en påverkan på kroppen, men även den sexuella lusten och funktionen kan påverkas och förändras. Ett fungerande sexualliv utgör en viktig del av livskvaliteten för de flesta. Vårdpersonalen har en viktig roll i att förbereda patienten på vilka symtom de kan förvänta sig, men patienterna önskar ofta avsevärt mycket mer information än vad som ges. Syfte: Att belysa cancerpatienters behov av sexualitetsrelaterad information.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

Abstract Chronic heart failure is a common disease in elderly, and is the most common reason for hospitalization in patients over 65 years of age. Research on the elderly and heart failure often focus on treatment strategies, less research is available on patients' own experiences of living with chronic heart failure. The purpose of this interview study, was to gain more knowledge about patients´ own experiences of living with chronic heart failure. Nine patients were interviewed and the text was transcribed verbatim and it was then analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutical method. From the analysis, three main themes emerged.

The purpose of this Master?s thesis is to examine similarities and differences in qualitative experiences between formal and informal reading groups from the participants? point of view. The empirical data was acquired from interviews with nine reading group participants, of whom four of them participated in formal reading groups and five in informal reading groups. To analyze the empirical data, Louise M. Rosenblatt?s theory concerning reading and a method concerning reading groups by Immi Lundin were used.

För personer som drabbas av sjukdom kan det innebära att känslan av den bekanta och den igenkännliga kroppen förändras. Cancer i de sexuella- och reproduktiva organen påverkar kvinnor och mäns sexualitet efter cancerbehandling. Sexualitet kan vara ett svårt ämne att ta upp som hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva upplevelsen av sexualitet hos personer som genomgått cancerbehandling i de sexuella- och reproduktiva organen. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 15 vetenskapliga artiklar ingick och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med manifest ansats.

Bakgrund: Ett växande antal svårt cancersjuka människor föredrar att vårdas i hemmet. Närstående är en självklar del av modern palliativ vård, och det är en central uppgift för den palliativa vården att stödja även dem. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa närståendes behov av stöd vid vård i hemmet av vuxna cancersjuka i livets slutskede. Metod: Som underlag för denna litteraturstudie har 14 vetenskapliga artiklar använts inom tidsperioden 2001-2011. Resultat: Resultatet visade att närstående hade behov av stöd i den vårdande rollen av cancersjuk i hemmet som redovisas i 3 kategorier och 6 subkategorier.

African Swine Fever (ASF) is one of the most serious transboundary swine diseases because of its high lethality for pigs, socioeconomic consequences, rapid and international spread and the absence of either treatment or vaccine. This Sida Minor Field Study (MFS) was carried out during fall 2010, as part of a larger collaborative research project called ASFUganda, focusing on the epidemiology of the disease in Uganda. The aim with this study was to get more knowledge about the pathology in cases of ASF in Uganda, by studying macroscopic and microscopic lesions in pigs with acute and chronic ASF and to detect the ASF virus (ASFV) in tissues by immunohistochemistry. The pigs were selected from the two different geographical locations in Uganda, Mityana and Gulu district, both with on going confirmed outbreaks of ASF. Necropsies were performed in the field, and the laboratory procedures at the JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Entebbe, Uganda, and at the Department of BVF, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden. Three pigs from an outbreak of ASF in Mityana district showed both the history and the clinical symptoms typical for ASF.

Background: Within palliative care setting persons with terminal illness is cared for. The aim of the care is to enhance the quality of life for the patient through a holistic approach. The disease can lead to major suffering and require the person to handle the situation. If the person´s ability and capacity to do so is insufficient the identity may be perceived as threatened and quality of life diminished. Self-care can help a person to cope with loss of identity, enhance independence and improve quality of life.Aim: The aim of this study is to explore self-care strategies of patients within palliative care setting.

Introduktion: Ordet cancer skapar oro hos de flesta människor. I vår kommande yrkesroll som sjuksköterskor kommer vi att möta cancerpatienter och deras anhöriga där tonåringar kan vara en utav familjemedlemmarna. Det är viktigt att skapa en förståelse för hur tonåringar upplever sin förälders cancersjukdom. Syftet: Studiens syfte var att belysa tonåringars upplevelser av att leva med en cancersjuk förälder. Metoden: Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ litteraturstudie med åtta artiklar som grund.

Bakgrund: När ett barn får cancer förändras livet för hela familjen. Den tuffa behandlingen är påfrestande på alla medlemmar i familjen. En okunskap om hur syskonens hälsa påverkas finns både hos föräldrar och sjukvårdspersonal.Syfte: Att belysa hur syskon till cancerdrabbade barn upplever sin hälsa.Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie baserad på 5 kvantitativa och 5 kvalitativa artiklar. Databaserna PubMed och Cinahl användes för sökning av vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och en latent innehållsanalys användes.Resultat: I resultatet uppkom 5 kategorier kring syskon till cancersjuka barns behov och brister som påverkade hälsan.

This paper is a compilation of some of the important viral zoonosis that can be passed from apes and simians (simian and prosimian) to man. Viral zoonoses are viral diseases that can be passed from animals to humans. The paper will also provide a better insight of the risks workers and visitors to the zoo can be exposed to. The viruses that this paper is focused on is herpes Bvirus, simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Ebola virus, Marburg virus, yellowfever virus, monkeypoxvirus and hepatitis B virus. The choice of viruses is based on how infectious they are and how pathogenic they are.

ABSTRACTBackground: People with colorectal cancer undergoing rectum amputation get a permanent colostomy, which affects the social life. It may be valuable for health care what these people experience living with colostomy in order to provide the greatest possible support. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe how people who received a colostomy experience their daily lives and the support they have received from the health services.Method: Qualitative interview study with six people, with a descriptive phenomenological approach.Results: The analysis of the interviews about how it's like to live with a colostomy resulted in three themes: 1) Living with a colostomy gives an uncertainty that affect the social life, 2) Physical and psychological impact of getting a colostomy and 3) Support for health care and relatives.Conclusion: Subjects had a positive attitude towards life, which contributed to that they could adjust to living with a colostomy and feel a meaningfulness of life. The study shows that all the interviewed people overall were satisfied with the information provided by the healthcare personnel. It was good with both oral and written information and very appreciated with repeated information. One aspect that could be improved was the information given aboute the closure of anus during surgery and the following complications.