During the autumn of 2008 I obtained office experience by working at the local government of Örnsköldsvik. I started working on the district green plan of the green structure and that led to the work of this exam paper. The purpose of this exam paper has been to define some standpoints for the green structure of the local government district of Örnsköldsvik. I have used both a larger and a smaller scale to obtain a wide a perspective as possible of the green structure. The larger scale gives an overall view of the whole municipality while the smaller scale is found in the study of the two local areas Centrum and Domsjö. For the local government planning to be able to obtain an agreeable level of verdure to the residents it is necessary that the green structure is brought up on the agenda.

This master thesis concerns whether Swedish non-financial listed firms act in accordance with the optimal capital structure theory and/or pecking order theory. The examined period is 1998-2004 and we discover that Swedish companies neither follow optimal capital structure theory nor pecking order theory. From our results we conclude that there exists no single point of the capital structure which is optimal. Rather it seems as if the optimal point lies in-between an interval from 0 to the industry average, where firms tend to be indifferent to their debt-ratios. Our results show that Swedish companies prefer internal financing followed by equity and as last choice debt issuance..

Background: A company?s choice of capital structure is influenced by the access to internal and external capital but also by the opportunities and threats that the management perceives in the environment and the management?s attitude towards risk. How an individual perceives and interpret the environment depends on the cognitive structures, which are shaped by personality, background and earlier experiences. Accordingly cognitive structures can be expected to influence the choice of capital structure. Purpose: Out of a cognitive perspective we intend to study the relationship between the way a company views it?s environment and what capital structure it chooses to have, in order to contribute to an increased understanding about what lies behind a company?s capital structure policy.

The change of the Real property index map has met a lot of resistance in Dalarna.This is the reason that the parcel?s reform has not had the same impact in Dalarnaas in the rest of Sweden. In addition, even ?Laga skifte? (the reformation on propertystructure) was never effected in most areas of Dalarna. This has lead to thatDalarna has a unique property structure with many small and narrow parcels.Some argue, however, that the property structure has been the same for many centuries.The purpose of this thesis is therefore to study how the property structurelooked before ?storskifte? (the reformation on property structure) was done, howit was when äganderättsutredningen (the adjudication), in the 1970s, was accomplished,and finally how the structure looks when land consolidation has been implemented.For the template of the studies, seven different villages were chosen.The basis for the study was comprised of acts for each stage and each village.The study showed that change in property structure has occurred.

Detta examensarbete ämnar besvara huruvida Tekla Structures kan fungera som ett lämpligt 3D-modelleringsprogram för konstruktionsgruppen Nyanläggning och Bro inom Grontmij Sverige. Med goda erfarenheter av Building Information Modeling, s.k. BIM, och 3D-modellering inom andra delar av Grontmij så fanns en önskan att optimera gruppens arbetsprocesser med den senaste kunskapen inom området. Arbetet har fokuserat på att praktiskt modellera en fallstudie baserat på ett av Grontmij tidigare genomfört anläggningsprojekt. För att säkerställa fallstudiens representativitet valdes en plattrambro med stor mängd armering som ansågs ha en komplex geometri vilket potentiellt skulle fördelaktigt kunna representeras i 3D.Vid skapandet av 3D-modellen och tillhörande ritningar delades processen in i tre steg; modellering, detaljering samt visualisering.

Kindergarden - How can we create different synergies between different fields that they can benefit from each other? What different activities will suit the kindergarden? How will our perception of the kindergarden, of its need and function in society, change?In this Degree Project in Architecture I will be investigating the combination of the kindergarden together with a restaurant and a dance studio. I believe these activities will harmonize since they have overlapping benefits: We all eat, move and grow.With the new architectural activities in mind, I will further investigate the importance of the kindergarden as a part of society, more specifically our perception of what function it may, may not or could fill. I share the idea with a lot of authors, scientist that we are headed toward a society where children are kept too safe, thus minimising their chance to experience and learn to cope with a harsh reality when they grow up as adults. It's ok to get hurt to an extent, as long as they do not endanger their lives..

The objective of this thesis was to present a design proposal on a modular mechanicalstructure for a nanosatellite. The size of the structure should follow the CubeSatstandards. This standard divides satellites in units (U), where 1U is equivalent to acube where sides measure 100 mm. 2U corresponds to the same volume and size as2 assembled 1U structures, and so on. The focus was to develop a structure in theorder of 3U and 6U.At the integration in the satellite launch rocket, there are a couple of differentinterfaces, where the structure is adapted to common ones; P-POD and CSD.

This paper describes a case study of the largest film production ever conducted in Scandinavia. The study aims at explaining the complex relationships in the network structure in which the project took place. Coordination of creative projects carried out in a network context, includes handling conflicting interest and contradictions. Creativity needs space and freedom while projects need structure and coordination, whereby controlling these projects becomes complex. Adding to the complexity, does the loose form of organization that the network structure represents, without any long term structure.

This thesis examines the subject of change in public administration from an instrumental and an institutional structure perspective. The purpose of the thesis is to examine whether institutional structures affect the development of instrumental structures and if it in turn is possible to affect institutional structures by changing the instrumental structures. This case study is primarily based on a series of deep interviews with senior administrators and politicians within two new administrations in the municipality Karlstad, both which have been created by merging several smaller administrations, but also thorough analysis of several official document such as protocols from the municipal council meetings, Tja?nsterskrivelser and internal PMs.   The result of the analysis indicates that both institutional structures and the forming instrumental structures affect each other and  that their ability to affect each other depends on the dominance over the organization each structure has.  In my specific research case we can see that the institutional structure of the city-technical and housing administration has affected the outcome but the institutional structure of the cultural and tourism administration hasn?t.  While the structural change of the city-technical and housing administration hasn?t effected the institutional structure but the structural change of the cultural and tourism administration has affected the institutional structure of this specific administration..

Background: During extreme market conditions like the period during fall 2008 the discussion of what affects company value becomes apparent. The capital structure is the relation between borrowed capital and equity in a company´s financing mix. What impact changes in capital structure have on company value is a widely debated subject within the theory of finance. If a relationship between capital structure and company value exists the implication is that an optimal capital structure where company value is maximized also exists.Aim: The aim of the thesis is to study whether a certain relationship between capital structure and company value exists among selected stocks and companies listed on Stockholmsbörsens OMXS30.Implementation: With aim to fulfill the purpose of the thesis regression analysis has been performed among chosen stocks and companies. The empirical results eventuating from this have been analyzed from the view of elected relevant theory.Completion and results: We find that during normal market conditions a positive relationship between debt ratio and enterprise value (EV) can be established.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate which the main determinants of capital structure in Swedish listed firms are and to identify which incentives lies behind managers choice of capital structure determinants. Further, the study investigates whether the Post Keynesian theory and theories which incorporate behavioral aspects can be used to explain the capital structure decisions or if the traditional Neoclassical theory give an better explanation. We have used a qualitative method to analyze the determinants of capital structure and the managers incentives behind capital structure decision. We conducted a survey which was sent to 83 Chief Financial Managers and financial executives in Swedish firms listed on Mid Cap or Large Cap. The questionnaire was on-line which enabled for the respondents to quickly and convenient respond.

This paper discusses runic inscriptions from the middle ages on Gotland and how they portray social structure. It focuses on three themes: (1) fixed time and space, (2) women and the nuclear family and (3) profession and social status/structure. It also discusses changes brought on by a more structured and established Christianity, as well as differences between medieval rune stones on Gotland and their predecessors Viking Age rune stones in the Mälar Valley..

Most of today?s concrete structures that are built on site are mainly constructed in a traditional fashion with a lot of artisanal operations. One step towards industrializing the in-situ construction of concrete is to use prefabricated reinforcement. Through this method there can be a lot of savings when each bar doesn?t have to be placed and fixed separately on site.

Det är allt vanligare med 3D-projektering inom byggbranschen för att förbättra och effektivisera bland annat kollisionskontroll, ritningsframställning och mängdberäkningar. 3D-modellering har kommit långt i utvecklingen när det gäller husbyggnad men för mark & anläggningskonstruktion har utvecklingen varit begränsad. Jämfört med traditionella, tvådimensionella CAD-modeller är en tredimensionell CAD-modell uppbyggd på ett annorlunda sätt med objekt istället för ? linjer och streck?. Idag finns det många olika programvaror som erbjuder möjligheten att genomföra 3D-projektering.

Purpose/Aim: The aim of the paper is to study the periodical Blå Bandet and its structure, typography, layout and design and how the periodical can develop by a redesign.Material/Method: I have interviewed the editor of Blå Bandet and studied literature about the market of periodicals and design of periodicals. After that I have done an analysis of Blå Bandet and its structure, typography, layout and design.Main results: I present a proposal for a new structure and a new typography. Finally I present examples of how layout and design can work out in a redesign..