Background: Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a tradition that is carried out mainly in Africa. The intervention refers to that part of- or all of the girl?s external genital organs are removed. Aim: The study's purpose was to highlight the consequences of female circumcision in the encounter with western health care.Method: A systematic literature reviews was performed as a method. Twelve articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis, inspired by Lundman and Granheim.

Teenagers are the group that spends most money on clothing. When choosing clothes, the so called internal and external signals could affect the perceived quality of the teenagers. The external signals are for example price, brand and place of purchase while the internal signals are the physical composition of the product as for example garment and size. The perceived quality is the attributes that the teenagers perceive that the specific article of clothing has. Today?s marketing, within the fashion line, is mostly to present the design of the product and aim the marketing for curtain segments and to keep a distance to others that are not within the segment group.

AbstractFrom 1st of July 2003 it is compulsory for companies with an average number of ten employees the latest two financial years to account sick leave in the annual report.The government?s purpose with accounting of sick leave was partly to evoke an action from the companies? side in terms of motion as an effect due to the awareness of the level of the sick leave. The government was of the opinion that the companies had too deficient knowledge in sick leave and that the knowledge about causes and costs had to increase.In this paper three companies affected by the compulsory accounting of sick leave have been interviewed. The paper defines to only concern private companies. The companies were interviewed in purpose to form an opinion of whether the companies have changed their health promoting actions due to the application of the law.

Can landscape architecture be seen as an economical asset rather than as a cost? Can well designed outdoor environments affect real estate values? This study investigates the economical value of landscape architecture and its influence on real estate prices. Research results on the relation between landscape architecture and real estate values are here compiled together with a survey made among players on the Swedish real estate market of their attitudes towards the problem. This study shows that the players on the Swedish real estate market often are unaware of the economical effects of landscape architecture pointed out in the compiled research. The study also shows that to use this information in actual projects several steps need to be taken: better knowledge of the problem, more and better compilations of research results, effective channels to spread the compiled information, proper employment and implementation of the knowledge. Extended knowledge of the relation between landscape architecture and real estate values will result in new ways of making money on outdoor environments. This would in turn have consequences for how the real estate business treat outdoor environments and how landscape architects work. The study is divided into four main questions: 1: Is there a relation between good landscape architecture and real estate prices? 2: What is the view of the players on the real estate market in this matter? 3: Is there more knowledge, research and practical models at hand? 4: What future steps can be taken to broaden the knowledge and apply it to real situations?.

This paper set out to investigate how teachers of Swedish in Sweden implement the grammar objectives of the curriculum in their teaching, through interviewing six teachers. It has been important to compare their methods to modern research of grammar teaching and teaching in general. They have been asked a series of questions to answer whether or not they use grammar terminology as mediating tools, if they intergrate dialogue among students in grammar teaching and to what extent the teachers? knowledge of and attitude towards grammar influence their teaching methods. The results show that grammar is used as mediating tools primarily when it comes to feedback on pupils? texts, though not to a great extent; dialogue between pupils is rare when it comes to grammar teaching; and the teachers? grammar knowledge and attitude affect the teaching methods, primarily in the sense that seeing value in grammar knowledge increases the teacher?s desire to develop new methods for grammar teaching..

Air tightness in new buildings has been discussed for several decades. But the knowledge in the subject is low. With tougher requirements from the Swedish government about energy consumption for a new building required competences how these shall be met. It's not only the thick mess of insulation that are important, it's also the air tightness. This report is about air leakage in Swedish houses.

Hur kan företag via sponsring påverka sin varumärkesimage och hur använder sig företag av sponsring för att stärka sitt varumärke? Syftet är att undersöka hur företag arbetar med sponsring och hur de använder sig av sponsring med intentionen att påverka sitt varumärkes image. Studien ska ge nyanserande och upplyftande kunskaper i våra frågeställningar och ge företagen ökad kunskap om sponsring och hur de själva kan arbeta med att förbättra sin sponsringsverksamhet.Metod: En studie ur ett företagsperspektiv som genomförts på fem fallföretag. Primärdata har samlats in via intervjuer med respondenter från de valda företagen och den sekundära informationen har återfunnits i etablerad teori samt artiklar. Studiens teoretiska referensram är baserad på befintliga teorier inom vårt ämnesområde sponsring och varumärken.Empiri: En presentation av fem företags sponsringsverksamhet och deras syn på hur sponsring kan användas i syfte att påverka företagets varumärkesimage.Slutsats: Företag använder sig först och främst av sponsring för att positivt påverka sin varumärkesimage och för att nå ut till sin målgrupp.

Co-branding är samarbetet mellan två företag som utmynnar i en ny, unik produkt, där kopplingen mellan varumärkena samt gemensam marknadsföring från samarbetsföretagen leder till positiva synergieffekter. Intresset för marknadsföringsstrategin co-branding har ökat i takt med globaliseringen då företagens varumärke riskerar att försvinna i mängden av konkurrerande varumärken och på så sätt förlora viktiga marknadsandelar och varumärkeskännedom.Denna studie ämnar dels öka kunskapen om fenomenet co-branding samt för vilka skäl denna strategi kan vara lämplig att använda och dels hjälpa företag att utröna vilka som kan vara de kritiska framgångsfaktorerna, alltså de absolut viktigaste variablerna för att deras co-brand ska lyckas på marknaden. Vi har intervjuat tre fallföretag inom den svenska modebranschen för att undersöka vilka deras skäl till cobranding är och vilka de kritiska framgångsfaktorerna för dessa samarbeten är. Dessa företag har samtliga genomfört co-branding under de senaste tre åren. Resultatet av studien visar att skälen till co-branding kan vara att skapa en trovärdig varumärkesbreddning, försvara sig mot konkurrenter samt skapa en förhöjd uppfattad kvalitet för konsumenten något som möjliggör prispremium.

ABSTRACTTitle: Strategic Anarchy ? a study on WeActivists' communicative function inside WeSC.Number of pages: 69Authors: Frida Leijonborg, Nils Lindstro?mTutor: Jessica GustafssonCourse: Media and communication studies CPeriod: Second term 2013University: Division of Media and Communication, department of information science, Uppsala UniversityPurpose: Our aim with this paper is to examine the communicative role WeActivists play in WeSC's external communication, and also to investigate what it means to be part of the activist concept as individuals. This will be done by presenting WeSC's key values and investigate whether these are portrayed by the representation of the activists in market campaigns and personal interviews.Material/Method: We have conducted a qualititave study where we interviewed three WeActivists of various age and profession. Furthermore we did a semiotic analysis of 10 images from 7 advertising campaigns.Main results: Our results indicate that WeActivists play a significant role in WeSC?s external communication, and thus signifying that they play a major part in creating WeSC's brand identity.

All inclusive travel has become a popular way to travel abroad. When tourists pay for everything in advance their need for contact with the local people will be reduced. The consequences of this can be dissatisfaction from the local people as they are left out and do not share the financial benefits created by tourism. During the purchasing cycle of an all inclusive travel, it is possible that the tour operator can influence a sustainable development.The aim of this paper is to compare how a large and a small tour operator in their purchase of all inclusive holidays interacts with local players to create sustainable development, thereby creating a surplus value to the customer. The hypothesis is that the amount of knowledge and application of this knowledge regarding sustainable development differs in the purchase process between large and small tour operators.This paper was carried out as a case study.

Bakgrund: Med ökad konkurrens och då nya marknader som e-handeln växer sig starkare blir det allt viktigare för företag inom modebranschen att arbeta för att stärka varumärket och sina kundrelationer. Den fysiska butiken är en viktig del inom den externa marknadsföringen då företaget kan kommunicera varumärket genom interaktion med kunden. Butikspersonalen bör ses som en av företagets mest betydelsefulla resurser som marknadsförare då de har störst kundkontakt. Därför bör företag satsa på intern kommunikation för att marknadsföra varumärket till personalen.Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva och analysera hur företag kan använda intern kommunikation för att utveckla och motivera sin butikspersonal till att agera som varumärkesambassadörer.Metod: Undersökningen består av en fallstudie av ett företag som använder sig av konceptbutiker för att marknadsföra sitt varumärke. Studien består av kvalitativ karaktär genom intervju med distriktschef, kvantitativ data i form av enkätundersökning med personalen, samt granskning av företagets årsredovisning.

In my essay the dilemmas originate from what I have experienced. I have observed myself and some of my colleagues, how we meet children who are lacking the qualifications which school and most pedagogues expect them to have. Focus, in my written experiences, is on children who live in poverty, but how we meet and act toward them is often quite the same independent of what qualifications they are lacking. With the support from literature and theories I reflect and analyse the dilemmas. Through essaywriting I investigate my practical knowledge and I examine how we as pedagogues handle the complex situations encounter when in school and how it is possible to understand why we act the way we do.I think that the knowledge which essaywriting gives me will strengthen me as a person and in my work as a teacher for after-school-center.

The aim of this thesis was to explore and analyze the sponsored debates on Newsmill, so called seminars. How does the sponsor use Newsmills seminars for marketing purposes? Who is allowed to write in Newsmills seminars?To answer these questions we used both a quantitative survey and a qualitative survey.To examine how the sponsors use Newsmills seminars for marketing purposes we conducted a qualitative analysis which included three of the eleven seminars - a total of 26 articles. We examined how the sponsors conveyed the picture of themselves and if the written content in Newsmills seminars contained any hidden marketing. We could see that the sponsor has a great deal of influence on the seminars and also used them to market their brand with hybrid messages.

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How do you see on natural science within preschool? Does education and interest play a role for how the educationalist works with natural science? And is the children?s interest for natural science affected by the educationalist, what does the educationalist think himself? These questions have I under my teachers training and under deputyship in preschool asked myself and these questions lies to behalf for my investigation. I interviewed five educationalists on different preschools for my investigation.My investigation resulted in that I have been able to see a certain conjunction between how you work with natural science in preschool and the educationalist education or interest. What also plays a role is that you often associate natural science with knowledge of nature. The educationalist seems overall positive to natural science, but depending of a lack of knowledge it feels strange and difficult.