I Sverige går de allra flesta hästar på bete under sommarhalvåret. Näringsinnehållet i betet kan vara svårt att bedöma. Denna litteraturstudie är avsedd för att ge läsaren en uppfattning om hur olika hästars näringsbehov ser ut, hur näringsinnehållet på naturbete och åkermarksbete ser ut i Sverige och hur betet tillgodoser hästens behov. Studien visar att tävlingshästar i mycket hårt arbete, som trav- och galopphästar, samt digivande ston och unghästar upp till ett år behöver beta på åkermarksbete då det innehåller mer energi och protein. Hobbyhästar, hästar i lätt till medelhårt arbete och dräktiga ston uppfyller sitt energi- och proteinbehov på naturbete, men kan behöva mineraltillskott..

Barley is one of the most important cereals cultivated in the Nordic countries. Climate change brings warmer and moisture climate which favors fungal diseases. In the cropland barley can be seriously infested with hard fungus attack. Since it is important that the yield bears a high quality it is of great importance to find varieties more resistant to attacks.Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are stress proteins induced in the plant in response to infection and abiotic stress (van Loon, 1997). PRs are shown to have antimicrobial activity differing between bacteria, fungi and oomycetes (Tandrup Poulsen, 2001).

Lameness localized to the hoof is a common problem in horses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic tool is becoming more common and is well suited for examination of the distal limb and the hoof capsule. Today there are two different methods of MRI where in one the horse is under general anesthesia and in the other the horse is standing and only sedated. In this study we have compared the visualization of the distal interphalangeal joint using these two methods in two different groups of horses with unknown clinical problems referred to two different equine hospitals. The width of the joint structures including thickness of joint cartilage and joint fluid and also the width of the dorsal pouch of the distal interphalangeal joint were measured.

Breeding-induced endometritis in horses seems to be down-regulated by certain components in the seminal plasma. These components are most likely some of the proteins in the seminal plasma in the stallion ejaculate, the so-called spermadhesins. This study aimed to recognize these proteins and determine their quantities in different fractions of the ejaculate. Fractionated ejaculates from four stallions were used to determine the presence and amount of proteins by way of size-excluding chromatography. All former known proteins, except two, were recognized in this study.

This essay deals with the diseases osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in a medieval population from Visby in Sweden. The aim has been to evaluate to what extent and in what way these diseases have influenced the people of a relatively large harbour town during the Middle Ages. 24 individuals were analysed osteologicaly and 19 of them became subject for measurements of bone density through DEXA readings. Furthermore four individuals were x-rayed based on external differences due to osteoarthritis and a change in the depression at the base of the medial surface of the greater trochanter. Similar studies have been made in Trondheim, Norway and Wharram Percy, Great Britain.

Since the down of archaeology much of the resurges has focused on graves andgrave materials. This essay is an attempt to interpret a grave material to the society of the living, to investigate what a megalithic grave material can tell us about the society that made them and the people that were buried in them. The study is focused upon two megalithic graves in Löderup; Ramshög and Carlshög. A study of the bone materiel, building construction and building material at Ramshög and Carlshög is done and then compared with different theories that are made of Ramshög and Carlshög and of other megalithic graves. By studying different theories of megalithic graves and comparing these with Ramshög and Carlshög I have tried to evaluate which ones that are relevant in this case.The megalithic graves primarily shows some kind of change, in society or in their way of looking at the dead or the life after this.

Ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx has been studied primarily in cold blooded horses. The clinical relevance of this condition is unknown. Despite this fact, since 1939, all Swedish Ardenner stallions have had to be classified as being free from this ossification to be approved for breeding. Initially, palpation was used as a diagnostic method, but since 1982 radiology has been the only method used. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of 68 years of breeding program. Dorsopalmar radiographs were taken of the front feet of 58 Ardenners (30 mares, 8 geldings and 20 stallions) and the ossification of the collateral cartilages was evaluated and graded according to three different scales; - Ruohoniemi (grade 0-5), - Swedish University of Agricultural Science (grade 0-3), - and a new scale (grade 0-3), developed for this study.

Sweden is the country that has got the largest amount of elderly in the adult population in the world. The physical activity level decreases as we grow old and we experience muscle mass loss and a bone density reduction. This leads to an increased risk for falls and subsequent fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an exercise program could affect muscle function and balance ability to prevent falls. 17 women (age 64-79) participated in this study and was assigned to a control group (n=7) and an intervention group (n=10).

Actinomycosis is a rare, deep-seated infection of the jaw of cattle that include the progressive enlargement of bone structures. It is caused by Actinomyces bovis, a gram-positive rod found as a normal commensal of the alimentary canal in otherwise healthy animals. This paper shortly describes Actinomyces bovis and its ability to cause "lumpy jaw" or actinomycosis in cattle. It will describe its pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and some clinical presentations. The incidence of symptomatic actinomycosis infection is quite low in Sweden today.

Using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model, ICBM, five different crop rotations with rye 1. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Beans-Rye 2. Rye-Rye-Rapeseed-Rapeseed 3. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Potatoes-Rye 4. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Wheat 5. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Beans-Wheat-Rye-Potatoes-Rapeseed were tested theoretically in four different cultivation scenarios ? Straw left on the field, biogas digestate added as fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw+BD?. ? Straw left on the field, only synthetic fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw-BD?. ? Straw harvested, biogas digestate added as fertilizer.

SammanfattningBakgrund Det bedöms att 10 - 60 % av alla patienter på norska sjukhus och sjukhem är undernärda. Mer än hälften av dessa patienter går ned ytterligare i vikt under tiden de är inlagda på sjukhus. Norska riktlinjer (Kosthåndboken) för måltidsplanering på vårdinstanser rekommenderar systematisk måltidsplanering för att förebygga och behandla undernäring på sjukhus.Syfte Att ta fram information om aktuell situation gällande måltiderna som serverades vid ett regionalt sjukhus i Nordnorge och jämföra med nationella rekommendationer, samt att ta fram underlag för ett åtgärdsförslag. Metod Studien är en tvärsnittsstudie som genomfördes vid Nordlandssykehuset, Bodø, Nordnorge. Samtliga huvudmåltider i de två huvudkosterna (Nøkkelrådskost och Energi- og næringstett kost) näringsberäknades och jämfördes med rekommendationen. Recept, produktinformation och portionskalkyler inhämtades med intervju av kökspersonal.

Bull terrier hereditary nephritis is caused by a mutation that leads to an inadequate synthesis of collagen type IV, which is an important component in the basement membranes. The inheritance of the mutation is autosomal dominant in bull terriers and progression to renal failure takes variable time, from several months to ten years. Proteinuria is the first clinical sign of the disease and the diagnosis is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of renal tissue where typical ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), thickening and multilaminar splitting are found. This study was performed in order to find out the occurrence of hereditary nephritis in bull terriers in Sweden through examination of urine samples and renal tissue and comparisons with how the disease is described in the literature. Urine samples from 76 Swedish bull terriers were collected and examined for proteinuria.

Syftet med vår studie var att kartlägga uppfattningar kring kost och livsmedel hos kvinnliga elithandbollsspelare i fem elitserieklubbar i Västra Götalandsregionen. I och med elitidrottares höga aktivitetsnivå, skiljer de sig markant från normalaktiva och har därmed andra rekommendationer för hälsa, återhämtning och prestation. Kunskapsnivån är dock ofta bristfällig hos dessa individer gällande kostrekommendationer, energibehov samt måltidsplanering. Forskning visar att våra beteenden bestäms inte bara av vår kunskapsnivå, utan också av våra attityder. För att kunna utforma en insats för att höja kostkunskapen hos dessa individer, menar vi därför att det är en klar fördel att känna till sin målgrupps attityder till ämnet.

Jordbruket står inför en rad utmaningar ? både i Sverige och globalt. Några av de viktigaste är att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser och förhindra kväveläckage. Genom att odla baljväxter som fixerar sitt eget kväve minskas behovet av gödsling med syntetiskt kväve och därmed också risken för övergödning av vattendrag, sjöar och hav. Om en fånggröda används efter baljväxten minimeras risken för urlakning ytterligare.

Övervikt hos hund är ett växande problem med en rapporterad incidens på 22-40 %. Tillståndet definieras som ett överskott av fettvävnad i kroppen, beroende på rubbad energibalans. Överviktiga individer drabbas ofta av sekundära hälsoeffekter så som diabetes mellitus och insulinresistens, andningsbesvär, förhöjt blodtryck, ortopediska tillstånd och njurproblem. Överviktiga hundar har även kortare livslängd än normalviktiga hundar. Överviktiga hundar har abnormala lipoproteinvärden med högre plasmakoncentrationer av både triglycerider och kolesterol jämfört med normalviktiga hundar. De har också en rubbad balans av så kallade adipokiner som utsöndras av fettvävnaden.