The government procurement legislation ? i.e. the Swedish procurement law, the EC procurement directives and the WTO?s Government Procurement Agreement ? applies on public procurement. Such a procurement exists when the contractor meets the conditions stated in the directives that the organ is to be considered as a contracting auhtority.

This thesis includes an energy survey of the Herrgården pre-school, which has a modern heating- and ventilation system, and a comparison with Östers pre-school which has an older system. An energy survey of Östers pre-school has already been done by a group of three students and all the calculations and values have been collected from that survey. As of today, both pre-schools are heated thru district heating. It will be much easier to make smart and feasible energy-saving-measures by first conducting the energy survey.Herrgården pre-school in Gävle houses 81 children, therteen teachers, one cleaner and one cook. It was finished in the middle of 2009 and the staff has been very pleased with the in-door climate.

 Background: Self-injury can be defined as deliberate harm one's own Body without conscious intent to commit suicide. These patients need skilled care. Purpose: Illuminate nursing staff attitudes and treatment of patients with self-injury behaviour for individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Method: A general literature study has been made. Based on the objective was a literature search in various databases with ten relevant articles were selected and reviewed.

For some time researcher has focused their interest on how women are being treated in sports and what impact it has on the development of the sports movement. Researchers in the field have tried to clarify where the problem lies, if it is gender or sex. Are the differences between the sexes caused by how society portrays women or because women and men are built for different purposes. This research paper studied how women in the sports of snowboarding and freeskiing perceived their possibilities to practice their own sports. Furthermore, the study tried to answer if the problems are originated from the culture of the sports, what the possibilities and opportunities women had to make ?it? and what women think is the reason why there are so few female athletes in their sports.

Young people of today have a much wider access to information on sex and relationships, and they receive this information from a variety of different sources. This information can sometimes paint a diverse and inconsistent picture. School constitutes one of these sources, and one of the few places were young people can discuss and reflect on these issues together with their peers as well as adults. The purpose of this essay is to gain insight on what adolescents between the age of 15 to 18 think about sex and relationships and their thoughts about sex education in school. It?s a qualitative study based on discussions with adolescents divided in four focus groups, two groups of girls and two groups of boys.

IntroduktionBröstcancer är den vanligaste cancersjukdom hos kvinnor i den svenska befolkningen. Vid icke spridd cancer är behandlingen alltid operation där en del eller hela bröstet opereras bort. Det kan vara mycket svårt för många kvinnor att acceptera bröstförlust och mastektomi upplevs ofta av kvinnor som ett trauma och ger en försämrad kroppsuppfattning. SyfteSyftet var att beskriva kvinnornas livskvalitet och psykosociala tillstånd efter mastektomi. MetodEn systematisk litteraturstudie baserades på granskning av 14 kvantitativa artiklar och en kvalitativ artikel. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades, analyserades och diskuterades och sammanställde resultatet med olika tema. ResultatAnalysen resulterade i två huvudkategorier: Livskvalité och psykosociala konsekvenser. De psykosociala konsekvenserna efter genomförd mastektomi bestod av tre subkategorier nämligen: sämre kroppsuppfattning, minskad sexuell lust samt ångest och depression vilket i sin tur ledde till försämrad livskvalitet. Slutsats    Försämrad livskvalitet, dålig kroppsuppfattning och psykisk ohälsa såsom depression, ångest samt försämrat sexualliv påvisades hos majoriteten av kvinnor som genomgick mastektomi.

Abstract    Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate if inclinometer estimates of arm posture during paper mill work differed between periods of different arm visibility. The aim was also to identify strategies for and difficulties in assessing Body-visibility on video. Methods: The study consisted of two parts, where part 1 aimed to investigate the validity of observation-based assessment of arm posture during paper mill work. Study 2 was a survey among people with experience in assessing the posture of paper mill workers from video. Results: The total time for the right upper arm visibility indicates that it was on average visible in 54%, partly visible 15 %  and not visible 31%.

The purpose of this study was, if possible, to find a housing system for growing bulls that was as optimal as possible for the animal welfare. In order to select housing systems you must take into account the size of the group, Body weight and the type of floor. Seven of the international most common housing systems were compared, straw bedding, deep straw bedding, sliding straw bedding, concrete slatted floor, rubber coated slatted floor, cubicles and feeding cubicles. Studies that have examined the proportion of tail, claw and leg injuries and the presence of unnatural behavior in the different systems. In summary, all studies showed that soft underlay were beneficial for the animals in terms of the proportion of bone lesions and swellings.

Background: Energy drinks have been found in everyday-stores since 1997 and their popularity have increased over time. Consumtion of energy drinks takes place because of their ability to increase concentration and to decrease fatigue but also because of the popularity the drinks have got. Target groups for these stimulating beverages are adolescents and young adults. Energy drinks contain caffeine, taurine, glucuronolacton, carbohydrates and B-vitamins and voices have been raised about the eligibility for young people to ingest large quantities of these kinds of substances. Because of the properties of these substances it has become popular to mix energy drinks and alcoholic beverages to make up for the negative effects of alcohol and to be able to drink larger quantaties.Aim: The aim of this literature work was to investigate cognitive effects of the combination of caffeine in terms of energy drinks and alcohol and to determine if these effects could be harmful.Method: This literature work is based on five scientific articles retrieved from PubMed.

Abstract Author: Robert Andersson & Oskar KarlsjöTitle:?My first thought is a girl that cuts herself? ? A qualitative study about professionals in human service organizations description of self-injurious behavior.Supervisor: Ann OttengrimAssessor: Rickard Ulmestig The purpose of this study has been to understand how professionals in human service organizations (HSO) describe self-injuries behaviour, how they describe the individuals that self-harm and if the professionals describe any possible differences in how men and women self-harm as well as how professional?s knowledge concerning self-injurious behaviour is contructed. The study answers three questions;- What kind of actions do professionals in HSO describe as being self-injurious behaviour?- How is knowledge constructed by professionals in HSO concerning self-injurious behaviour?- How are people who engage in self-injurious behaviour being described?- How do professionals in human service organizations describe potential differences between men and women´s self-injurious behaviour? Qualitative interviews have been chosen as the method in this study to gather empirical data and the social constructionism theory has been implemented to analyse the empirical data.The result of this study shows that self-injurious behaviour is a complex and at the same time a dynamic phenomenon. There are a lot of different actions that are being describes as being self-injurious behaviour.

The essay investigates the visual element as seen by the audience and artist to be of greatest importance to a musicalperformance. The study was conducted in the form of a field work which included doing interviews with artists, surveys of the audience and interpretive observations of live performance. The fieldwork was conducted in three different environments in which I found myself on the spot and performed the various stages included in the field work. It was done to create a surface that could be used in an essay, and through that use this material to compare and analyze my results and in the end be able to answer my questions. I started from eight different factors which all could beexperienced visually on stage.

Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka hur barn i åldern fyra-fem år tänker om sin egen kropp, vilka uppfattningar om kroppen som finns. Sju barn har deltagit genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en uppföljning ca 18 månader senare visar hur uppfattningarna förändrats eller utvecklats. Barnen blev även erbjudna att måla en teckning som visade insidan på en människokropp.   Barnens svar var bundna till situationer och uppfattningarna om kroppen hade utvecklats sedan de första intervjuerna, även om en del svar var ganska lika. Barnens spontana svar om den egna kroppen var många; det finns ett hjärta, hjärna, skelett, blod för att nämna några svar. Några av barnen kände till hjärtat och hjärnans funktion.   Barnen fick också besvara frågor om vad som händer med maten vi äter, vad som händer med människokroppen när man blir gammal och om sjukdom.

Detta examensarbete är ett försök att skapa en enkel handbok, där man lätt kan slå upp fakta om olika typer av gjutlegeringar. Samtidigt är det en undersökning om hur man kan förbättra kvalitetssäkringen av gjutgods. För att uppnå det förstnämnda har grundliga litteraturstudier utförts och resultatet har blivit ett antal avsnitt som tar upp det viktigaste om gjutning och gjutgods. I dessa avsnitt kan man läsa om olika gjuttekniker, legeringars gjutegenskaper, olika typer av värmebehandlingar, gjutdefekter, vanliga metoder för kontroll etc. Undersökningen av kvalitetssäkringen, och om dess förbättring, möjliggjordes genom kontakt mellan olika företag och genom att prova tekniker, såsom finita element beräkning (FEM) och gjutsimulering, och dra slutsatser från dessa resultat.

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to clarify and describe what image men and women present and communicate in their profiles on an online dating site. Further has been investigated if traditional gender roles and stereotypes are as pronounced on this online platform or if it offers a space to go beyond traditional formations. The theoretical framework of this study consisted of a social psychological idea and understanding of identity as well as a gender theoretical perspective. The methodological points of departure were hermeneutic and the data consisted of ten male and ten female member profiles on match.com. The results of the study was divided into three themes, the emphasis on positive qualities, the attractive Body and project manager to one?s own life.

Animal welfare is of increasing concern in present society. In commercial pig farming, animal welfare problems are common. One of the causes for these problems is the barren environment in which pigs are housed, which can cause oral manipulation of pen mates. Providing straw might be one solution to this problem. Another solution could be reached through genetic selection.