The aim of this paper is to describe how to measure welfare effect of the deregulation and increased competition of the public transport by railway in Sweden. The paper also includes a numerical example of how to measure the welfare effect. In our study we use public data from SJ regaring quantity and ticket prices for the period 1996 - 2005. We have used equivalent variation, EV, as the method to measure the welfare effect. We demonstrate how to derive the equation to calculate EV by starting with a Marschallian demand function.

BakgrundTraditionell och komplementär eller alternativ medicin, vilket benämns Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM), är enligt WHO en viktig, men ofta underskattad del i nationella hälso- och sjukvårdssystem. Användandet av CAM har ökat signifikant senaste åren för gravida kvinnor. Inom CAM ryms begreppet ?mind-body interventioner? eller ?mind-body therapies? och innefattar behandling så som mindfulness, yoga, akupunktur, massage. Yoga och mindfulness har enligt tidigare studier positiv inverkan på graviditet och graviditetsutfall.

The urban physical practice of parkour can be described as male dominated. In thispaper, however, I choose to focus on women participating in the sport. My materialconsist of interviews with five Swedish women who regularly perform parkour.Through the phenomenology of Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Marion Young and SaraAhmed, I analyze the women?s relationship to the body and (public) space. Myconclusion is that engaging in parkour has changed the way the women understandtheir own corporeality, from an ?I cannot? to an ?I can?.

Fondsparandet har länge varit den dominerande sparformen i Sverige. Totalt ägnar sig hela 74 procent av Sveriges befolkning åt aktivt fondsparande, och andelen blir högre vid pensionssparande. Tendensen är tydlig, svenskar ägnar sig allt mindre åt att själva äga aktier och har i stället överlåtit sparandet till banker och fondförvaltare. Storleken på en aktiefond har stor betydelse för vilken strategi en förvaltare väljer. Tidigare studier har funnit att det finns skillnader mellan förvaltad fondförmögenhet, avkastning och risktagande.

Today we are living in a time were impulses from other places and cultures constantly grow and the contact over the boundary is getting bigger. We se satellites pictures over the world, we hear about worldwide ecological problems, we learn about other different lifestyles, we cock food that are inspired from the worlds many kitchens, we shop more and we can travel to different parts of the world. My problem was to find out how cultural phenomenon spreads to a greater extent global and how this transference take place, but also be able to se what factors that has a part in the cultural spread.What I found with help from my literature study was that trough improved communication and transports has gained mobility in the world and people can take part off others culture.The world is shrinking and this means that human beings identity is changing and this create a so-called hybrid mixture. Culture is what we human beings create. Culture can be seen as a community phenomenon for the most parts.

Academic research indicates that critical publicity can have a detrimental effect on brand attitudes. The negative effects have been showed to be buffered by cognitive bias elicited by strong favourable attitudes, commitment, brand certainty and brand identification. It has been proposed that the influence of such bias in a news reporting context should be studied, something that also is interesting from a brand perspective. The study therefore investigated whether a well-publicised scandal in one period can lead to increased critical publicity in the coming periods. A case study of Swedish grocery chain ICA was conducted.

Kroppen lockar och fascinerar. Och den skrämmer. Därför måste jag närma mig den.I mitt examensarbete närmar jag mig kroppen från två håll; genom ett konstnärligt gestaltande arbete och en skriftlig del. I det gestaltande arbetet närmar jag mig genom det textila kroppen. I uppsatsen utforskas människans förhållande till sin faktiska kroppslighet, och vad som format detta ur ett idéhistoriskt perspektiv.

The aim of this study was to find out how journalism students at two universities in Sweden, Gothenburg University and Linnaeus University in Kalmar, use the social networking service Twitter. We were primarily interested in whether the students are using Twitter as a journalistic tool, which includes gathering, production and distribution of material. The study focused on journalism students because they soon will enter the working life and therefore can provide an indication of whether Twitter is a part of the future of journalism. We have used theories of mass communication to describe the development in the area and explore how journalism has adapted to this change. The study was conducted in the form of a survey in which the students answered questions about how they use Twitter and what they think about the social networking service.

During the last few years the western world has seen an increasing interest in the topic of atheism, with bestselling books by writers like Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris and Christopher Hitchens. The critic of religions that these writers have brought to the table have not gone unmet, with writers like Dinesh D'Souza rushing to the defence of Chrisianity.Taking on the arguments of New York Times bestselling author Dinesh D'Souza in the current debate on the existece of God and the usefullness of religion, I here examine the claim by D'Souza that atheism, in fact, is responsible for the worst mass murders of history. In taking D'Souza's arguments and analyzing them on its own philosophical merits, with methods like the process of elimination and information evaluation (i.e source criticism), I will here show just exactly how persuasive these arguments prove to be. In the following pages we will not only discuss the role of atheism in 20th centuary totalitarianism, but also answer questions like ?Was Hitler an atheist or a theist??, ?Is atheism responsible for the worst crimes of history?? and ?Are people who believe in God in fact more moral the those who do not??.

Almost half of the population in Sweden suffers from obesity and the cases of eating disorders are increasing. We are exposed daily to the belief that losing weight will make us happier and it will just be through this particular diet. Even if it has been proven that short dieting plans like ?lose 20 pounds in one month? doesn?t give a long-term result, society continues to buy into the idea that they do.Every day 16000 placards are placed around us in Sweden with loud yellow colors and big black letters which make them almost impossible to avoid. Their main purpose is to attract and get as many people as possible to buy single copies.This essay deals with several questions: How diet tips figures on placards and how this has developed through years.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att utvärdera två landskapsindex: ett formindex som beräknar formen för varje markanvändningsyta ( eng. "patch"); ett diversitetsindex, som beskriver de olika markanvändningarnas relativa utbredning. Formindexet beräknas på två olika sätt, beroende på om dess storleksberoende inkluderas eller ej. Utvärderingen körs för ett landskap på cirka 50 km2, men även för tre mindre områden i landskapet: åkerbygd, mellanbygd samt skogs-bygd. Samtliga områden jämförs sedan i två olika skalor, flygbild respektive satellitbild..

Diabetes mellitus is a rising epidemic throughout the world and there is currently great interest in quantifying the beta-cell mass (BCM) in vivo non-invasively. In the present experiment, the feasibility of in vivo imaging of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in beta-cells was examined, using the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-exendin-4 as a marker, in native pancreatic beta-cells of a porcine diabetic animal model and healthy controls. Eight Swedish high-health domestic pigs were randomly assigned to be either controls or made diabetic using streptozotocin (STZ). The experiment proceeded during eight weeks, starting with an acclimatisation period. Once the pigs had been socialised they underwent surgery for the insertion of a jugular vein catheter, allowing induction of diabetes with STZ, intravenous (i.v.) injections and stress-free blood sampling. Development of diabetes was confirmed by clinical examinations, blood glucose values and insulin-staining of pancreatic sections post mortem. The diabetic pigs were insulin treated and responded well.

This study is based on a statistical analysis of fundamental key ratios on the Stockholm Stock Exchange during the period 2004-2012. In total 35 financial ratios of 90 companies were tested, ultimately five ratios remained within the 5% significance level. These ratios were ROA, P/B, Total Yield, EV/EBIT and Operating Margin. A custom made investment model was created based on the purpose to achieve a risk-adjusted excess return. The results in general did not show any significant difference in return between the model's portfolio and index.

Den vanligaste sparformen idag är att placera i fonder. Unikt för Sverige är den höga andelen hushåll som sparar i fonder. Hushållen står för cirka 80 procent av fondförmögenheten. Sverige innehar världsrekord i fondsparande och fondsparandet i Sverige är väl utbrett. De flesta av spararna vänder sig till sin bank när de vill spara.

Many questions are still left unanswered regarding the period c. 450-700 AD, when hordes of Anglo-Saxon migrants landed on the British Isles and by doing so made the starting point in the foundation of England. Who were these Germanic tribes? The theories of how the migration proceeded are today many. The two major theories today concerns whether it was a question of a mass migration or a gradual migration proceeded by smaller groups of military elite.