Background: Type 2 diabetes is a disease which causes vascular damage, stroke and premature death.Oxidative stress may play a role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Selenium is amineral involved in the protection against oxidative stress, and has been thought to be favorable in theprevention of the disease. However, this has changed since trials observed positive correlationsbetween high selenium levels and incidence of type 2 diabetes.Objective: To examine the studies that investigates seleniums effect on the incidence of typ 2 diabetesSearch strategy: Searches have been done in PubMed and Scopus.Selection criteria: Included studies were human studies in English/Swedish with RCT or cohortdesign with the aim to investigate the correlation between selenium and incidence of type 2 diabetes.Excluded studies were studies whose aim was to investigate the role of selenium in patients withexisting diabetes. Studies regarding pregnant women, animals or children and with in vitro design werealso excluded. Of the studies found in Scopus where MeSH terms were available, the ones who did notinclude relevant terms were excluded.Data collection and analysis: Studies were collected according to the aforementioned criteria.

Horses are made to eat mainly roughage and it is essential for optimal health to offer them an appropriate amount of roughage with good hygienic and nutritional qualities. To produce good hay at the right time and be able to keep the hygienic quality until next summer is a problem. This has the effect that horse owners today choose haylage and silage to a larger extent. Science in this area is scarce, i.e. if the change from hay to silage has any effect on the horse.

Människan som lever i dagens samhälle och är verksam i arbetslivet har inte kunnat undgå den ökade kommunikationen som skett med den ökade tillgängligheten som följd. Detta är något som vi menar påverkar upprätthållandet av balans. Vår förförståelse sade oss innan denna undersökning genomfördes, att det är svårt för småföretagare att upprätthålla balans mellan arbetsliv och övrigt liv. Vi var därför intresserade av att göra en studie för att ta reda på hur detta såg ut, och vi valde att genomföra en kvalitativ undersökning för att få en inblick i detta.Undersökningens syfte var att ta reda på hur balansen såg ut mellan arbetsliv och övrigt liv hos manliga småföretagare som helt eller delvis lever självständighetens livsform?Självständighetens livsform är ett begrepp som ingår i livsformsteorin.

En undersökning över hur ordet "ansvar" använts i svensk politik 1991-2013 och den förändring ordet genomgått i avsende på argumentativ funktionalitet under Fredrik Reinfeldts tid som statsminister..

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a hereditary disease that in Sweden is especially common in German shepherds. The Swedish German shepherd club has currently no plan of action for decreasing disease prevalence in the breed. The purpose of this study was to review existing literature about the disease and also to perform an inventory of the disease in the Swedish dog population. Special focus was laid on the German shepherd breed. The inventory was later compared to an unpublished inventory of the disease with data from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences from 1997. During the period 2002-06-01 to 2007-09-26 (ca 64 months) 2961 blood samples were analyzed for cTLI. 274 samples were positive (cTLI .

Fatigue är ett vanligt tillstånd hos personer som lever med HIV och är ett tillstånd som ofta ger funktionsnedsättningar som minnes- och koncentrationssvårigheter. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva upplevelsen av fatigue hos personer som lever med HIV. Med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys analyserades 10 vetenskapliga artiklar och detta resulterade i tre slutkategorier; Att kroppen och hela livet påverkas, Att söka förklaring och Att hitta strategier för att hantera. Studien visade att fatigue upplevdes som något som påverkade människan både psykiskt och fysiskt och en konstant närvarande trötthet. Personer beskrev även att de upplevde oro och rädsla över sin fatigue.

Twitching is frequently used in horse management because of its sedating and pain-relieving effects. In this study, the effects on the horse?s nervous system by twitching were investigated by thermography of the skin temperature. The temperature is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system through postganglionic sfincters at the capillaries of the skin. The effects on the endocrine activity have also been studied by the measuring of ACTH and cortisol in blood plasma.

Syfte: Syftet med denna ?versiktsartikel ?r att unders?ka det vetenskapliga underlaget kring om ett intag av saffran kan f?rb?ttra HbA1c eller fasteglukos hos vuxna personer ? 18 ?r diagnostiserade med Diabetes Mellitus typ 2, j?mf?rt med placebo. Metod: Litteraturs?kningen genomf?rdes i databaserna PubMed och Scopus. S?kningen gjordes den 240323 och innfattade ord som "saffron?,? crocus?, "diabetes mellitus, type 2" och ?random*?. Artikelselektionen utf?rdes systematiskt med hj?lp av en avgr?nsad fr?gest?llning samt inklusions- och exklusionkriterier, d?r inklusionskriterier var RCT-studier, gjorda p? vuxna personer diagnosticerade med Diabetes Mellitus typ 2 d?r interventionen skulle f? supplementering av saffran, och kontrollen skulle f? placebo.

The aim of this study was to determine which type of fluid to use in trauma care to improve patient survival. The method used was a systematic review, where a total of 18 studies were reviewed and 13 included in the results. The inclusion criteria used in this study were Randomized controlled trial, or studies relevant for the purpose, written in English and published during the last ten years. The studies were identified in the PubMed data base. The results showed that in trauma with hypovolaemia, colloid infusion has a better effect than infusion of crystalloid fluid on blood pressure and colloid infusion reduced the body's cascade systems in a beneficial way. Colloid infusion administered to head injury patients lowered their intracranial pressure more than crystalloid infusion.

Pyometra (chronic purulent uterine inflammation) is a common disease in middle-aged and older intact bitches. The disease most frequently occurs in metoestrus and previous research studies have shown that both hormones and bacteria are involved in the development of the disease. Analysis of the blood levels of prostaglandin metabolite 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2? (PG-metabolite) has previously been shown to be clinically useful in the differentiation of canine uterine diseases such as pyometra and mucometra. The PG-metabolite concentration has also been correlated to severity in pyometra as determined by hospitalisation length. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if blood levels of PG-metabolite can differentiate uterine diseases such as pyometra from other diseases in female dogs.

Att leva med en livshotande sjukdom, så som cancer innebär många förändringar. För att personer som lever med cancer ska kunna känna välmående trots sjukdom måste behov personer uttrycker tillgodoses. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva behov i dagligt liv hos personer som lever med cancer. I litteraturstudien analyserades 14 kvalitativa empiriska studier genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, med manifest ansats. Detta resulterade i fem kategorier; att vilja känna kontroll, att önska stöd och personligt bemötande från andra, att försöka omprioritera för att kunna leva normalt, att uppleva kroppsligt välmående samt att sträva efter hopp och försöka finna mening.

Tissue factor (TF), a 47 kDa glycoprotein, is the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and consequently of the upmost importance when damage to blood vessel occurs. The source of TF in circulation has been investigated. However, the source of TF is still not clear. One theory is that platelets express and increases the expression of TF after stimulation and the aim of our report was to investigate whether platelets really are a source for TF in circulation.Using specific primers for TF mRNA, platelets in plasma from healthy volunteers and from patients suffering from cardiac infarction were analyzed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gel electrophoresis was performed after amplification of TF mRNA to verify the results.The samples were negative for TF when using real-time PCR and the few positive all had cycle threshold (Ct) values above 35.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, induced by an immune mediated reaction in the small intestine after ingestion of gluten and related prolamines. There is a strong genetic linkage and most important are the genes that encodes for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has developed new guidelines for investigation of CD in children and adolescents, which include genotyping for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Therefore, the clinical microbiological laboratory in Västmanland wants to introduce a method for analysis of these genes. Microarray is a newly developed method for determination of the alleles HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 that encodes for the ?- and ?-subunits of the HLA-molecules.

The aim of this study was to investigate the intraoperative surgical stress response in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy and to compare acepromazine and medetomidine as premedications. 15 dogs diagnosed with pyometra were used in this study. Blood pressure and heart rate were used as parameters to measure surgical stress response. The surgery was divided into four phases. Phase 0 was the period 10 minutes before the skin incision, phase 1 was skin incision and opening of abdomen, phase 2 was manipulation of uterine horns, ligation and transection of mesovarium and phase 3 was ligation of cervix, removal of organs and closing the abdomen. The results showed that phase 2 was the most intense phase of surgical stress, regardless of which premedication the dogs received. When acepromazine and medetomidine were compared the results showed that within phase 3, all dogs that were given medetomidine had higher blood pressure compared to dogs that were given acepromazine. The dogs that were given acepromazine had higher heart rate than the dogs that were given medetomidine in phase 0, phase 2 and phase 3. .

People live longer. There is a growing need to increase the knowledge of aging and of the need among the elderly for medical care in the near future. As a step towards meeting this need, a survey among the elderly in Skåne is made by the division of Geriatric Medicine in Malmö University Hospital. This survey is called Gott åldrande i Skåne, GÅS. A frequent decease among the elderly is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).