Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Cow?s milk and chronic constipation in children ? A systematic reviewAuthor: Sara Palm & Anna SvenssonSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 27, 2014Background: Chronic functional constipation is common among children. Up to a third of all who seek a paediatrician suffer from constipation and it is a widespread problem for children in many countries. Lately it has been discussed if cow?s milk can be a cause of the constipation and if it should be considered a delayed hypersensitivity.Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to examine whether there is scientific evidence to recommend a cow?s milk-free diet as a potential treatment in chronically constipated children.Search strategy: The literature searches were performed in the databases Pubmed, Scopus and the Cochrane library, using the search terms cow?s milk, constipation, milk proteins, dairy products, milk hypersensitivity, cow milk and cows milk between March 17th and April 4th 2014.Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials measuring stool frequency in chronically constipated children on a cow?s milk-free diet were included.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats. Maine coon is one of the breeds where the disease is overrepresented. Studies have shown that HCM is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in Maine Coon cats. This finding has led to cardiac screening using ultrasound in the breed. The results of the screening are used in a national breeding program constructed to reduce the spread and incidence of HCM in Maine Coon cats.

Sahlgrenska AcademyAt University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: The obesity paradox, myth or truth in adults with cardiovascular disease.Author: Louise Svensson och Amanda NilssonSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 30, 2013Background: It has long been generally accepted that obesity is a risk factor for many diseases. Despite this, new research indicates that a higher BMI could be a protective factor for those with a chronic cardiovascular disease. This discovery is called the obesity paradox and could change the perception of patients' BMI in both public health and clinical work.Objective: The objective of this systematic review article is to examine the scientific evidence for the existence of the obesity paradox in chronic cardiovascular disease, i.e. if a BMI >25 kg/m2 is associated with lower mortality among adults with chronic cardiovascular disease.Search strategy: The databases used in the literature study were PubMed, Summon, Scopus and Cochrane. The keywords were: obesity paradox, cardiovascular, heart, male, BMI, intentional weight loss, cardiovascular mortality and mortality heart failure.Selection criteria: Studies, which had an adult population classified after BMI that suffered from chronic cardiovascular disease and had all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality as endpoints, were included.Data collection and analysis: Ten studies were included.

ABSTRACT Epilepsy describes a neurologically caused condition which involves seizures. Epilepsy can be classified according to different types of causes and the nature of seizures can vary. Medication for epilepsy in dogs is limited in comparison with human medicine. Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common neurological disease and one of the most common genetic diseases in dogs. Because epilepsy has a higher prevalence in certain breeds, there is reason to suspect that it is a hereditary disease. The inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy is for most breeds not determined, except for a few variants of the disease.

The meaning of the concept of psychosocial treatment is ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to examine how professionals within some care institutions, which provide methadone, buprenorphine or naloxone treatment, regard and carry out the psychosocial features of such treatment. Central issues discussed were; how personnel approach the psychosocial features of the treatment, what personnel regard as a focus in the psychosocial treatment, what conditions personnel consider affect treatment positively in order for it to be successful and how personnel see the relation between the medical and psychosocial features of the treatment. The method used was interviews with nine professionals in six qualitative interviews. The theoretical perspectives and concepts used in our analysis were; the theory of biological dependence, an organizational perspective, Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change Model, the concept of individual reality and the concept of marginal conflict.Results show that the conditions most important for successful treatment are; that the patient has a place to live, an occupation, motivation, that the patient take responsibility for his/hers progress and have realistic expectations about the effects of the medicine.

Bakgrund Barn finns ofta bland de drabbade i samband med allvarliga händelser och har utifrån ålder och mognadsgrad behov som skiljer dem från vuxna i dessa situationer. Sjukvårdspersonal anger att det är svårare och mer påfrestande att hantera situationer där flera barn drabbats, men sjukvårdens förmåga kan optimeras om barnaspekter uppmärksammas rutinmässigt vid utformning av katastrofmedicinsk beredskap. Internationella rapporter anger att barnaspekter ofta förbises vid utformning av katastrofmedicinsk beredskap, men ämnet är bristfälligt kartlagt i Sverige. Syfte: Att undersöka om barnperspektivet uppmärksammas vid utformning av katastrofmedicinsk beredskap på regional nivå. Metod: Enkätstudie där populationen utgjordes av Sveriges 21 beredskapssamordnare på regional nivå.

In connection with riding and handling of horses, many accidents that can cause severe injuries to both horses and humans are existent. The cause is in most cases that the horse is frightened. The horse's fear also affects its usefulness and it has been shown to have adverse effects on the horse's welfare. To increase safety and improve the welfare of both humans and horses, it is important to find appropriate training methods to reduce the fear of horses in frightening situations. This experimental study compares handled habituation to free habituation.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of internal medicine and clinical nutritionAbstractTitle: Can supplementation with vitamin E improve cognitive function in Alzheimer?s disease?Author: Malin Andersson and Elin LöfqvistSupervisor: Elisabet RothenbergExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2012-04-11Background: Alzheimer?s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. As the average life expectancy rises the prevalence increases. The disease leads to gradual deterioration of cognitive functions. A recent Cochrane review describes how several studies demonstrate an increased oxidative damage in the brain in those with AD.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Can peppermint oil relieve the symptoms of IBS?A systematic reviewAuthor: Caroline Månsson and Linn RamströmSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2013___________________________________________________________________________Background: An estimated 7-10% of the world population suffers from Irritable BowelSyndrome (IBS), a disease that greatly affects the daily life and the quality of life of the afflicted.The total annual health care cost of IBS is around 1280 billion Swedish crowns. IBS ischaracterized by abdominal pain/discomfort in combination with diarrhoea, constipation, or acombination of these. The etiology is unknown but it is believed that there are several factors thatcome into play. The disease cannot be cured, but there are ways to alleviate the symptomsthrough a variety of medicinal preparations and dietary treatment.

- To be trapped in a roller-coaster That ?s how some of the patients are describing the situa- tion of living with heart failure. To be stuck in their home not knowing if they will have to seek care today and not knowing if they will have the energy to attend that birth- day party later this week.Each year 2-3% of the Swedish population are diagnosed with heart failure, which results in 30,000 new individu- als with the disorder. Cardiovascular disease is rapidly in- creasing in the world and before 2030, people with heart failure will increased by 100%. Our improved living condi- tions and better health have allowed us to grow older and made us more dependent on other types of care, care at home.Today the patients are only looking for changes in weight and if they have excessive water in their body.

In veterinary medicine, penicillin is the most used antibiotic in Sweden. Two dosage forms of penicillin are available in Sweden for use in horses, sodium benzylpenicillin (Na-pc) and procaine benzylpenicillin (proc-pc). Proc-pc is the most used dosage form and is used for intramuscular administration which allows horse owners to treat an animal at home under veterinary instruction. Na-pc is only approved for intravenous use in horses. Penicillin is normally well tolerated by horses but a serious, sometimes life-threatening, adverse reaction called penicillin shock may occur.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att genom en litteraturstudie undersöka vilka huvudsakliga förklaringar som fanns till unga vuxnas psykiska ohälsa. Det var också av intresse att få se om det fanns någon skillnad i sättet att förklara orsakerna till psykisk ohälsa hos män respektive kvinnor. Studien innehöll artiklar ur Läkartidningen, Psykologtidningen, Transmittorn samt en rapport från SOU. Resultatet visade att unga vuxnas psykiska ohälsa bottnade till stor del i ett allt mer individualiserat samhälle. Det hade lett till att ett stort ansvar, många gånger högt över vad individen mäktade med, hade lagts ned på individnivå.

Förekomsten av flockbeteende bland finansanalytiker har i empiriska studier konstaterats på den amerikanska, europeiska och japanska finansmarknaden men särdeles få lyckas förklara vad detta flockbeteende frodas av. Studien motiveras av det faktum att finansmarknaden använder analytikernas kunskap till att fastställa priser på finansiella instrument och därmed är det av vikt att belysa bakomliggande faktorer till flockbeteende där inte analytikern baserar sina analyser enkom på fundamentala värden. Mot bakgrund av detta syftar denna uppsats till att komplettera tomrummet inom forskningen och försöka utröna bakomliggande faktorer och förutsättningar för flockbeteende bland finansanalytiker på den svenska finansmarknaden. Vi angriper detta problem med en kvalitativ intervjustudie bland finansanalytiker på säljsidan som skall utgöra ett underlag för en vidare nyansering och förståelse av de bakomliggande faktorerna för flockbeteende. Till vår hjälp för att nå en förståelse om detta begrepp har vi använt oss av teorier från den socialpsykologiska disciplinen, Behavioral finance samt nationalekonomin.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Coconut fat?s effect on blood lipids - A systematic overviewAuthor: Linnéa Hult and Sandra WestlingSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-11Background: Coconut fat has recently been praised in the media. Amongst other things,coconut oil has been said to lower cholesterol (1, 2). This despite the fact that coconut oilcontains of 92 % saturated fat, which strong scientific evidence support raises the blood lipidsand thus increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (3).Objective: To examine the scientific evidence for how blood lipids in adults are affected byan intake of coconut fat compared to an intake of other kind of fats.Search strategy: PubMed and Scopus have been used in the literary search. Keywords usedwere "coconut fat", "coconut oil", "plasma lipids" and cholesterol [MeSH].Selection criteria: Human studies of RCT or cohort type, published since 1983.

BakgrundTraditionell och komplementär eller alternativ medicin, vilket benämns Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM), är enligt WHO en viktig, men ofta underskattad del i nationella hälso- och sjukvårdssystem. Användandet av CAM har ökat signifikant senaste åren för gravida kvinnor. Inom CAM ryms begreppet ?mind-body interventioner? eller ?mind-body therapies? och innefattar behandling så som mindfulness, yoga, akupunktur, massage. Yoga och mindfulness har enligt tidigare studier positiv inverkan på graviditet och graviditetsutfall.