Som en följd av avvecklingen av flottningen i Norrland byggde SCA upp ett system med omlastningsplatser i inlandet där virket skulle lastas om från lastbil till järnväg för vidare transport till sundsvallsindustrierna, det så kallade Tövasystemet. Tövasystemet är uppbyggt av fyra inlandsterminaler belägna i Krokom, Hoting, Bräcke och Östavall. Dessutom finns en mottagande terminal i Töva väster om Sundsvall. Virke körs in med lastbil till terminalerna där det mäts in av VMF och lossas med traktor. Virkesomsättningen i Töva-systemet var 2008 1,8 miljoner m³fub.

Many wood living insects are considered threatened by modern forestry due to the reduction in amount of dead wood. During the last decade various methods have been used to enhance the quantity of dead wood in managed forests. However little is known how and if these methods are aiding saproxylic insects. The threatened tenebrionid beetle, Upis ceramboides, is already extinct in southern Sweden. It develops in white rotted dead birch (Betula spp) and requires sun-exposed sites.

Den automatiska metoden att bedöma Bark på sågtimmer har visat goda resultat och verkar mycket lovande för kontinuerlig drift. Ett problem som dock bör ses över före kontinuerlig drifttagning är att den automatiska mätmetoden är känslig för smuts och damm på glasen som skyddar lasern och kameran i ramens mätenheter. Den automatiska metoden bygger på att intensiteten och spridningen av laserljuset från ytan tolkas för att avgöra om mätningen skett på Bark eller ved. När glasen blir smutsiga tolkas mer och mer av stockens mantelyta som Bark. Det betyder i sin tur att det automatiskt framräknade underBarksmåttet på stocken förändras med graden av smuts på glasen.

Den automatiska metoden att bedöma Bark på sågtimmer har visat goda resultat och verkar mycket lovande för kontinuerlig drift. Ett problem som dock bör ses över före kontinuerlig drifttagning är att den automatiska mätmetoden är känslig för smuts och damm på glasen som skyddar lasern och kameran i ramens mätenheter. Den automatiska metoden bygger på att intensiteten och spridningen av laserljuset från ytan tolkas för att avgöra om mätningen skett på Bark eller ved. När glasen blir smutsiga tolkas mer och mer av stockens mantelyta som Bark. Det betyder i sin tur att det automatiskt framräknade underBarksmåttet på stocken förändras med graden av smuts på glasen.

Förorenat dagvatten från Stena Gotthards metallåtervinningsanläggning i Eskilstuna har filtrerats genom kolonner innehållande två olika adsorbenter, torv och furuBarksflis. Torv är en organisk jordart som främst används som bränsle och furuBarksflis är en biprodukt från skogsindustrin. Båda filtermaterialen är relativt billiga och finns i stora kvantiteter i Sverige. Filtermaterialen har visat sig ha varierande kapacitet att adsorbera metaller i vatten på grund av själva materialet samt vattnets sammansättning. Resultatet från den här studien visar att av de två undersökta filtermaterialen så har furuBarksflis störst kapacitet att reducera bly, koppar och zink från det specifika dag vattnet..

Meat and fish was the most important food for the Sami people in northern Scandinavia until the beginning of the 20th century. It is not so well known that the Sami people also used a lot of wild plants as food and medicine although that kind of food was relatively common among them until the end of the 19th century. The purpose of this master thesis has been to describe which plants the Sami people used in general and also which plants were the most commonly used, and when and how these plants were harvested. I also wanted to measure the quantities of Angelica archangelica and Rumex acestosa within traditional harvest sites. Furthermore I wanted to find out if the plant use differed among Sami groups geographically.

Ekologisk odling av trädgårdsblåbär är möjlig och ofta fördelaktig då blåbär har krav på jorden och kvävetillförsel som lätt kan åtgärdas med ekologiska metoder. Odling av trädgårdsblåbär är tämligen nytt i Sverige och erfarenheterna är begränsade. Detta arbete har skrivits för att öka kunskaperna kring jordförhållanden, pH och kvävegödsling vid plantering och odling av trädgårdsblåbär.Trädgårdsblåbär trivs i sura jordar med hög mullhalt och mår bra av organiska gödselmedel. För att göra odlingsplatsen mer passande för blåbär kan pH justeras till mellan 4.0-5.5 och mullhalten i en mineraljord kan med fördel höjas. Mullhalten kan ökas samtidigt som pH sänks genom jordförbättring med torv eller komposterad barrträdsflis eller Bark.

Holmen Skog AB is an important supplier of conifer pulpwood to the Iggesund Paperboard mill. After logging and transport to the landing by a forwarder, the wood is loaded on trucks for further transport, often by using separate loaders. During this handling process considerable amounts of stone material is sometimes mixed into the pulpwood and this causes problems for the industry. The aim of this study is to identify which part of the chain from forest to pulpmill, that contributes the most to this contamination. Sizes and total volumes of the contaminating stones were also investigated.

The knowledge of the chloride content and its fluxes and patterns in trees is insufficient. Increased knowledge would be desirable, one of many reasons is to be able to more efficiently meet the problems that the substance causes in the pulp industry. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the chloride concentration of Norwegian spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in the south of Sweden. Furthermore the aim was to be able to predict chloride concentration from readily measurable site factors.

Mechanical harvesting may result in timber damages leading to reduced saw log quality. The initiator of this study was VIDA ? a privately owned concern operating in the value-adding process industry of forest raw materials. The aim of this study was to examine the type and amount of damages on Alvestakubb caused by the harvester head during the cutting process. The aim was also to compare the damages caused by different types of feed rollers and to evaluate the effects of temperature on damage occurrence.

The objective for this master?s thesis was to test and evaluate two methods for determining the content of tannin in a pineBarkextract. The methods used at Södra for this previously have not been specific enough, only the amount of polyphenolics have been measured. One of these methods is a test based on the Stiasny test and it determines the extracts ability to form a gel with formaldehyde. When this test was carried out it showed that the extract did not contain much tannin.

The use of renewable resources is rapidly increasing in Sweden, especially the use of fuel pellets. Through pelletizing the energy content per volume unit is greatly increased and the pellets are more homogeneous with regard to moisture content, particle size and density compared to unrefined fuels like forest residues and chips. For further development of the Swedish pellet industry, the use of different assortments from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia) is of particular interest, mainly because of its high volume production.

This work was conducted during spring and summer 2012 together with the company Uppsala Academy of Management as the principal. The two main objectives for the work are that: ? Make a comparison between the measured volume in the standing forest and the measured volume at the industry on Uppsala Academy of Managements actual stumpage sale volume to see how well it conforms. ? Examine if the buyers see any particular advantages or disadvantages of actual stumpage sale volume and what they think of Uppsala Academy of Managements actual stumpage sale volume and structure in general. I chose to use actual stumpage sale volume from the tree years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in my work. I divided the actual stumpage sale volume following four categories which was pine, spruce, pine/spruce and seed trees. After that I picked out sixteen actual stumpage sale volumes from each category to be a part of the work.

The measuring of logs is important in the sawmills process to the sawn products. The technology of automatic wood measurement is continuance developing. This study has the purpose to see how the different techniques and the routines works of measure frames for determining of wood value and sorting in sawmills. The study is performed as a literature study and a survey. The survey includes some of the Swedish sawmills that produce more than 10 000 cubic meters sawed products per year.

The calculations in this thesis are evaluating the profit as a consequence from treating young stands of pine in Sweden with birch Bark extract, BBE. Treatment is to be done with the object to lower or fully reduce the moose browsing on pine. The study is made in three versions. The results from each version separately will follow below. Version I.: The size of the moose population is in no way affected by the reduced resources of food as a consequence of large scale treatment with BBE on pine. Results show profit at a 3 percent level of interest with the exception of treatment program with more than 4 treatments all together and with the exception of Västerbottens Län with an early first treatment. Version II.: The population of moose decrease from 10 to 5 individuals per 1000 ha as a consequence from large scale treatment with BBE on young pine stands.