SammanfattningTitel: En Jämförelse i Blancokredithantering mellan Svenska Nischbanker från Detaljhandelsbranschen och Universalbanker Ämne: Industrial and Financial Management Central Begrepp: Blancokredit, Kreditrisk, Kreditprövning, Nischbanker Forskningsfrågor:? Använder svenska universalbanker och nischbanker med ursprung från detaljhandelsbranschen samma kriterier för riskbedömning vid blancokreditgivning?? Hur skiljer sig deras kredithantering?Syfte: Syftet med studien är att göra en jämförelse i blancokredithantering mellan nischbanker med ursprung från detaljhandelsbranschen och Sveriges universalbanker. Detta för att utreda eventuella likheter och skillnader och belysa dessa i en modell. Metod: Vi har valt att använda en deduktiv metod och utfört en kvalitativ undersökning. Våra undersökningsobjekt avgränsas till Svenska nischbanker med ursprung från detaljhandelsbranschen och universalbanker.

The number of elderly people has been steadily rising in Sweden for a long time and as a proportion of the population, the increase has been even greater. The population structure in the country means that in the not too distant future, there will be a sharp rise in demand for care and elderly accommodation.A tighter credit market as a consequence of new rules and regulations with a stricter capital and liquidity requirements combined with market turbulence, has made financing property developement more difficult and more expensive which has resulted in many companies using alternative sources of finance.DEmand for safe investments with low risk is high as the market is volatile and Banks, pension funds, fund management and life insurance companies are looking for investments outside the stock market that can deliver a safe return in the longer term. There has also been a debate about whether institutional investors as the AP pension funds really should own properties directly.As properties for care and elderly accommodation are definable assets with predictable payment flows, long leases and often a local authority as tenant that would not risk cancelling payments, these would be highly appropriate for securitisation, i.e. to issue bonds or other tradable securities based on the cash flows from the assets.In other words, the securitisation of rent flows would offer the opportunity to create an attractive investment product of the type being demanded, well suited to institutional investor requirements, while at the same time, it can provide an attractive financing opportunity to meet the need for more care and elderly accommodation..

Title: Have IFRS made the accounting more efficient for investors? ? A study of goodwill-relevance Level: Final assignment for Degree of Master (One Year)Author: Patrik Nygard and Andreas Pettersson       Supervisor: Markku Penttinen            Date: 2010 ? MayAim: The Swedish Banks SEB and Swedbank are on the same market but their goodwill is amortized totally differently and its results will be different. We decided to examine the accounts in Sweden and see if they have been more efficient, from a user perspective, after the introduction of IFRS in year 2005Method:  This paper is made from a quantitative and a deductive approach. We have collected data from all companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange between the years 2002-2008 using the computer program Financial Datastream and then made the regression and other analyses and comparisons with the program MinitabResult & Conclusions: We have in this paper demonstrated that how the accounting of goodwill designed is relevant to investors and that this relevance has increased in Sweden after the transition to IFRS. We have also concluded that the goodwill has greater relevance in a rising market than in a downward.Suggestions for future research: In future researches can the aim be to compare other accounting standards changes that occurred in the year 2005 and see if the accounting, from that perspective been more efficient.Contribution of the thesis: We have shown how the account influences investor?s decisions during different accounting systems and in particular how they react on the changed account of goodwill.

Banker utgör en kritisk och viktig del av samhället, parallellt med detta diskuterasföretags roll och ansvar i samhället idag i stor omfattning. Debatten är inte ny och harunder en längre tid diskuterats i den akademiska litteraturen och det mediala rummet.I dessa sammanhang nämns ofta begreppet corporate social responsibility (CSR).Begreppet är omdiskuterat och det råder ingen konsensus kring exempelvisdefinitioner av begreppet. Det kan göra det luddigt att arbeta med dessa frågor ochoklart vad det innebär.Författarnas syfte med denna studie är att presentera en modell vilken kan ligga somgrund för en bank som vill integrera CSR i sina affärsprocesser. Författarnaåstadkommer detta genom extensiva litteraturstudier och en mindre empiriskinsamling där både svenska storbanker och en mindre nischbank studeras.Tillvägagångssättet gör att modellen har god teoretisk förankring och kan användas aven bank som vill integrera CSR i sina affärsprocesser. Modellen utgår från treansvarsområden; ett juridiskt, ett ekonomiskt och ett etiskt.

During the last decades the importance of IT has increased for businesses all over the world. It has transferred from only being used in administrative purposes to become more integrated to the core business. Due to the financial crisis in 2009 and increasing globalization, IT is facing the challenge of lower costs and increased efficiency. This requires IT-departments to embrace new strategies in order to fulfill these new tougher demands.Lean is a business development concept that aims to lower costs through more effective processes by removing all activities that does not create any value from the end customer?s perspective.

AbstractThe genetic diversity in cultural plants is considered to be threatened due to global climate change and antropogenic influence. Unknowing of future conditions for cultivation, gene Banks all over the world are now trying to build up costly safety nets of species and varieties that may become highly valuable owing to their specific traits and genetic heredity. Hence, in 2002 there was a national inventory, aimed at the Swedish public, asking for seeds believed to be lost. Among the resulting collected seeds were some accessions of garden bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. The objective of this particular study was to assemble a collection of unique varieties and discard possible duplicates.

Abstract                ?Due diligence - A resource demanding process?Date:                     June 8th 2012Level:                    Master thesis in business economics, 15 ECTSInstitution:           School of Sustainable development of society and technology, Mälardalen UniversityAuthors:                Erdinc Kirik                                  Pär Matsson                               11th January 1987                      31th May 1985Title:                      Due diligence - A resource demanding processTutor:                     Staffan BoströmKeywords:             Due diligence, the acquisition process, acquisitions, business valuationResearchquestions:              What are the main factors that Bank X, Nordea and Almi is focused on an examination of a due diligence for an acquisition, focusing on private limited companies?Does the approach between the various Banks and Almi differ?Purpose:                The purpose of this paper is to create a checklist for private limited companies to use in the context of application for fundingMethod:                 The study was based on a qualitative study, based on primary data in terms of interviews in the subject of due diligence. Secondary data used in the study consisted of relevant literature and scientific articles.Conclusion:            The study showed that the respondents in general focuses on the same areas within Due diligence. The most important point which the respondents agreed on was profitability and repayment capacity. In overall, all elements in a Due diligence process that has an impact on profitability is important to examine.

Bakgrund: 1 november 2010 avskaffades revisionsplikten för mindre företag i Sverige. Avskaffandet i Danmark och Storbritannien medförde problem för mindre företag att bli beviljade krediter hos bankerna. Därmed är det intressant att studera hur avskaffandet har påverkat kreditbedömningen av mindre företag i Sverige.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att studera vilka faktorer som har betydelse vid kreditgivning till mindre företag. Fokus ligger på hur tillförlitlig små respektive stora banker anser att en icke reviderad årsredovisning är jämfört med en reviderad årsredovisning eller om andra faktorer anses viktigare. Studien ska därmed underlätta för mindre företag som står inför beslutet att välja revision eller inte.Metod: Studien är genomförd ur en kvalitativ ansats där empirin samlats in genom semi-strukturerade besöksintervjuer.

Accounting for financial instruments can either be based on a transactions approach or an eco-nomic approach. Under a transactions approach instruments are reported at cost whereas under an economic approach instruments are reported at fair value. Hence, under a transactions approach realization becomes a criterion for recognizing fair value fluctuations as revenue whereas under an economic approach it does not. A mixed model is defined as a combination of the transactions approach and the economic approach insofar it records some accounting items at cost and other items at fair value. The mixed model gives rise to an issue commonly referred to as an accounting mismatch.

Real estate financing is one of the key figures for financial success and fundamental to asuccessful business. Funding will come in several different ways, from existing cashflows andassets to new capital requirements which are aimed at different markets.These markets are constantly changing and since the recent financial crisis, there have beenadjustments and austerity measures which led to that the Banks have become more restrictive intheir lending.The real estate industry is characterized by both long-term and short-term thinking that ischaracterized by a solid continuity. Our thesis discuss how the demand is in the real estatebusiness and how mature the Swedish market is for junior financingwith focus aroundmezzanine debt and where are we headed in the near future.We've reached out to the key players in the industry on both the buy and sell side of real estatefinancing but also people between lenders and borrowers that handles transaction advice. Tohave been able to implement the analysisa survey and simulation of an investment calculationwas created. This questionnaire was answered by many real estate companies with senior peoplethat had operational positionsmost associated with corporate commitments.

AbstractWe live in a world today that is characterized by the Internet. We can get hold of people on the other side of the globe whenever we want and we can purchase what ever we want, from who ever we want, anytime we want. This development has made it important to find systems of dealing with the payment in a safe and secure way, both for a private person as well as for a company, when you do transactions with people far away, and those systems is the core of this essay. As a private person you sometimes need to transfer money to family members who live abroad and you can then use clean payments. This means that Banks all over the world has systems which makes it easier when their customs wishes to transfer money abroad.

Companies today are facing more and different kinds of demands from the society and their stakeholders. It is no longer enough to just deliver the products, and not just the quality of the products that matter. The consumers are getting more conscious about the many ways in which companies affect the society and the environment in which we live. The financial sector, that among others includes stakeholders such as insurance companies, Banks and fund companies are starting to realise the importance of the non- financial issues that companies are encountering. Analysing the companies sustainability when it comes to social and environmental issues, has become an increasingly important factor when for example choosing companies to invest in.

På grund av avskaffandet av revisionsplikten som började gälla den 1 november år2010 kan idag små företag välja bort sin revision. 250 000 av Sveriges företag är enligtlag berättigade att själva välja vilka revisorstjänster de är i behov av samt i vilkenomfattning.För att banker ska bevilja lån till små företag krävs det en säkerhet som speglarföretagens förmåga att betala kommande räntor och amorteringar. Säkerheten ligger igranskade revisioner och när de blir frivilliga kan tillförlitligheten minska.Metoden som använts är kvalitativ och har utformats via personliga intervjuer medbanker och revisionsbyråer.Syftet med studien är att beskriva effekten av avskaffandet av revisionsplikten påbankers utlåningsprocess till mindre företag.Frågeställning:?Är bankerna villiga att bevilja utlåning av krediter till små företag utan revisor??Finns det någon information som kan ersätta reviderade räkenskaper??Har långa relationer någon påverkan på bankers kreditbedömningsprocess??Hur ser revisionsbyråerna på avskaffandet av revisionsplikten?Slutsatser:Majoriteten av bankerna är villiga att bevilja kredit till företag utan revision. Dock krävsfler beslutskriterier för att bedöma ett företags återbetalningsförmåga.

I samband med finanskrisen och det ökade intresset för företags samhällsansvar har många större banker kritiserats i media. Bankers verksamhet bygger på allmänhetens förtroende och därför är det viktigt att de arbetar med corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR kallas på svenska ofta för företagens samhällsansvar och definieras vanligtvis av företagen själva. Det får oss att fundera på hur banker arbetar med CSR. Hur viktigt är CSR för att bankers förtroende ska upprätthållas? Finns det skillnader mellan olika banker och hur de arbetar med CSR?Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur två svenska banker arbetar med CSR samt identifiera likheter och/eller olikheter i deras arbete.

ABSTRACTTitel: Bolånetakets påverkan på bostadsmarknaden ? Ur konsumenternas synvinkelNivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomiFörfattare: Johan Sandberg och Joel ByströmHandledare: Aihie OsarenkhoeDatum: 2012 - 05Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur förväntningarna var inför införandet, ochhur konsumenterna påverkats av det nya bolånetaket som infördes 1 oktober 2010. När detnu gått 18 månader sedan införandet, hur har bostadsmarknaden påverkats urkonsumenternas synvinkel?Arbetets bidrag: Tidigare studier inom området (t.ex. Gauffin, 2011; Bekeris & Lagelius,2011; Claesson & Megaache, 2011) fokuserar på hur hur bostadsmarknaden i sin helhet harpåverkats av bolånetaket, med främsta inriktning på bostadsrätter i Stockholm.