AbstractIn urban societies people spend more and more time indoors, which put great demands on the indoor environment. If the ventilation is to manage the removal of unwanted substances in the indoor air, a good mixing of the air is required. The question arises that, whether the buoyancy forces will counteract a good mixing of the indoor air or not?This report aims to clear up the difficulties whether you need to consider the buoyancy forces or not, when adjusting a ventilation unit. For studying the indoor mixing of the air a two dimensional model is constructed in COMSOL Multiphysics.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Preoperative hand disinfection aims to prevent surgical site infections. After the preparing hand wash, drying is performed using an aseptic technique. It?s important to dry hands thoroughly in order to achieve the full effect of the alcohol based hand disinfection. Due to the lack of a evidence-based guideline on this procedure, the hand drying techniques differ among operating theatre nurses, depending on which technique seen as the most appropriate.

The purpose of this study was to find out how young children are allowed to influence and affect their daily lives in preschools, as well as teachers? views on the latter. My interest in this topic is born out of my experience of working with both younger and older preschool children. My view is that democratic work with older children is largely based on direct verbal communication while with toddlers it is based on an adult?s interpretation of a child?s often non-verbal expressions.

Vi har valt att undersöka den pågående generationsväxling som sker på arbetsmarknaden, den äldre generationen börjar nu gå i pension och den yngre generationen börjar i allt högre grad röra sig in på arbetsplatserna. Ämnet har länge legat till grund för forskning och det har förutspåtts att de stora pensionsavgångarna skall leda till stor arbetskraftsbrist. Detta är inget som vi ser på dagens arbetsmarknad utan det är istället arbetslösheten bland unga som är det mest framträdande. Forskning om det förmodade generationsskiftet har länge vart aktuellt, men verkar nu börja närma sig i och med att pensionsavgångarna beräknas tillta. Samtidigt som de yngre årskullarna börjar minska i antal.

Cycle time has a direct influence on number of returnable crates needed and therefore a crucial parameter for cost structure and pricing of the user fec in the pool system.For providing the growing market, number of crates has to increase as well as the utilization of existing crates. To accomplish this aim, cycle time for the whole supply chain has to be fully unravelled and understand.The purpose is to map cycle time and stock movements, to see how, where and when crates are being used in the supply chain. The goal is to make a method of cycle time calculation, together with suggestions of improving the pool system and decrease cycle time.The study has been a combination of qualitative and quantitative research and comprises the three biggest wholesalers in Sweden; ICA, Coop and Axfood. Furthermore have 65 grocery shops, connected to the wholesalers, been investigated and mapped.The study has come to a conclusion that cycle time for an average returnable crate is 19 days. The full-size and half-size crates have a bit longer cycle time, 21-22 days, while Dual Height-crates and shallow haif-size crates have 17-18 days.

Most of the portable electronic devices use a battery as a primary power source. Nowadays, when the applications are becoming smaller and smaller and more power efficient, the designer needs to concentrate more on reducing power consumption, using secondary power sources and introducing power storage devices. Multiple power source availability and a power storage device on the board will make the applications much more useful and efficient in everyday use. This thesis proposes a power supply unit (PSU) for wireless sensor platforms which is capable of supplying a sensor node with energy from multiple sources, as well as status information from the PSU. Present power storage devices, like electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and batteries, have become more and more common as their characteristics have developed.

Bakgrund och syfte: Intresset för enteral administrering av probiotika i förebyggandet av infektioner och diarré har på senare tid ökat. Nosokomiala infektioner och diarré är ett stort problem hos intensivvårdpatienter.  Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur enteral probiotika påverkar sjukdomsförloppet hos intensivvårdspatienter, med avseende på mortalitet, infektioner totalt, ventilatorassocierad pneumoni (VAP) och diarré.Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med sökning i Pubmed och Cinahl genomfördes med följande Meshtermer; probiotics, lactobacillus, critical illness och intensive care unit. Därefter genomfördes en metaanalys av randomiserade kontrollerade studier, utförda på vuxna intensivvårdspatienter, där man jämfört patienter som erhållit probiotika med patienter som fått placebo eller annan behandling.Resultat: Totalt 15 studier med sammanlagt 1293 patienter inkluderades. Ingen signifikans med avseenden på mortalitet, infektioner totalt, VAP och diarré kunde utläsas i metaanalysen.

Abstract Westerholm, I. (2011). Gravidas hälsovanor. Hälsopedagogiska programmet. Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, Högskolan i Gävle.This study aimed to investigate whether pregnant women change their health habits following recommendations and, if so, find out where they get this information from.

Saab Aerosystems have had one dominating product, JAS 39 Gripen, and one dominating customer, FMV, for a long time. The operations management system at Aerosystems is adjusted for development of Gripen and as the business unit is trying to enter new markets with other products and customer the operations needs to be adjusted to fit the development and manufacturing of these products as well.The purpose of the master thesis has been to investigate how Aerosystems is managing requirements on operations from external customers and how to make improvements within this area. The aim has been to carry out a situation analysis to identify where improvements are possible and then produce proposals for improvements through studies of literature and other business units. The thesis also include a study of knowledge transfer within the business unit to investigate how this can be applied to improve the managing of requirement on the operations.An extensive interview study has been carried out in which interviews mainly have been conducted with employees at Aerosystems, but also at Saab Avitronics and Saab Aerostructures. The reason why these business units have been examined is because they have carried out a large number of successful businesses with external customers, which also are potential customers for Aerosystems in the future.The interviews have been analysed to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats with the present way of working.

Tomo Hugglink (TOMO Skog) is an innovation for harvest and transport of biofuels. The system consists of a truck, a chipping unit and crane mounted on a link and a wood chip trailer. The system works in such a way that the chipping unit is disconnected and placed on the site and wood chips are loaded directly into the wood chip trailer.The aim of this study was:- To examine the performance of the TOMO Hugglink system under different conditions such as the size, placement and quality of the pile.- To calculate the cost per raw ton for two vehicle combinations at different transport distances and to examine the effect of a reduction in set-up time and an increase in load weight.- To identify possible improvements with the TOMO Hugglink system.A time study was conducted within the thesis work to make it possible to determine production and time consumption. In the subsequent economic analysis the cost per tone at different transport distances was calculated for two different lorry concepts. Furthermore the effect of a reduction in set-up time and an increase in load weight was calculated.Under current conditions the utilization of the chipper is low and only 29 % of the total system time is occupied by chipping.

This master thesis is about a place that has a story to tell. Olsson?s garden came about when Mr Carl Oscar Olsson acquired a piece of land in Landalabergen in the beginning of the 1930's and at that time he started his industrious work of uniting much of Sweden's flora in his garden. Since the very beginning Olsson's garden has played a lot of different rolls in a variety of situations and meant different things for different people. Today one can find traces from Mr Olsson's life and deeds in the garden.

This paper is a study of corporate governances in the municipal of Stockholm. The purpose of this paper is to enlighten the problems and opportunities for the corporate governances of the wards in the municipal of Stockholm. The municipal of Stockholm is made up of 18 relatively self-governing wards, whose activities bear a resemblance to one and other. Therefore we have specified our survey to corporate governances in the ward of Skarpnäck (Skarpnäcks stadsdel), to be able to use this ward as an example to corporate governances in the entire municipal of Stockholm. The essay emanates from the important management theories: Budget, Integrated Management system (ILS), Benchmarking and Balanced Scorecard.The essay is based on interviews and a poll survey we conducted in the administration of the ward of Skarpnäck, and also based on interviews with Stockholm?s city hall.

Vi har valt att undersöka den pågående generationsväxling som sker på arbetsmarknaden, den äldre generationen börjar nu gå i pension och den yngre generationen börjar i allt högre grad röra sig in på arbetsplatserna. Ämnet har länge legat till grund för forskning och det har förutspåtts att de stora pensionsavgångarna skall leda till stor arbetskraftsbrist. Detta är inget som vi ser på dagens arbetsmarknad utan det är istället arbetslösheten bland unga som är det mest framträdande. Forskning om det förmodade generationsskiftet har länge vart aktuellt, men verkar nu börja närma sig i och med att pensionsavgångarna beräknas tillta. Samtidigt som de yngre årskullarna börjar minska i antal.

Background:Breast milk has many good qualities and recommendations declare that breast milk alone is the most favorable choice for newborn babies up to six months of age. When the mother can´t provide her own breast milk for her baby, donor milk is a valuable source. Unfortunately the demand is often higher than the supply and thereby milk banks suffer from shortages. Aim: Highlighting women's experiences of being milk donors. Method: The study has been conducted as a literature review in which existing research has been used.

This report focuses on the upper slit. The upper slit is located between the impeller andthe drive unit. The slit design depends on pump type and application. However it isuncertain why the design varies, The purpose of this report is to clarify why the designvaries and to recommend an improved slit design.A research has been done; information was gathered from interviews, but also fromsearching of databases and studies of drawings, reports and documents. The originalpurpose of the slit was to prevent twining around the driveshaft, and prevent dirt fromentering the cooling system.