This report is the result of a thesis conducted at the consulting firm Bjerking AB andis the final part of the Bachelor Programme in Construction Engineering at Universityof Uppsala. The work aims to investigate the costs and how the choice of ventilationsystem affects building projects during a long-term period. This report covers costssuch as investment, maintenance and energy but also how they affect residents andbuilders. Building regulations for energy consumption are expected to be tougher;therefore a comparison of two different heat recovery ventilation systems(HRV-system) was made. One system is based on a centrally placed unit that coversthe whole buildings ventilation through vertical shafts.

En grafisk ritare i flygande system måste under dess utveckling verifieras för att bekräfta att den fungerar. Då bilderna som ritas inte behöver vara identiska mot referensbilder genererade av en fungerande ritare så ställer det krav på verifieringsprocessen att kunna acceptera en viss grad av "fel". Att automatisera den processen är i högsta grad intressant för att minska kostnaden. Uppsatsen presenterar en samling lösningar på delproblem som kan uppstå, däribland ett sätt att utvinna eventuell transformation mellan två bilder..

Den agila utvecklingsmetoden scrum är en erkänd metodik inom systemutveckling som möjliggör noggrann utvärdering, testning och iteration inom utvecklingsprojekt. Scrum appliceras i projekt där scrumteamet normalt består av 3-9 personer. Vi presenterar i detta examensarbete resultat från en deltagande observation i ett småskaligt, tidsintensivt utvecklingsprojekt. Vi beskriver konsekvenserna av att med ett team bestående av två personer applicera scrum i ett utvecklingsprojekt med scrumartefakter såsom sprinter, dagliga scrummöten och produktbackloggar.  .

The aim of the present study is to examine which need´s unaccompanied children in adulthood describe as significant. Furthermore the study aims to examine if the participants experience that they have received the support they need from Örebro Municipality?s unit for unaccompanied children. To answer this, qualitative interviews were conducted with six persons in 20-22 years of age who arrived to Sweden as unaccompanied children four to six years ago. The interviewees are some of the first in the care of the Örebro Municipality?s unit for unaccompanied children.

Background: About five percent of the infants being born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit because of their prematurity. Breastfeeding and breast milk is considered to be the best nutrition for infants in general and for premature infants in particular. The premature infant, depending on how premature, may not be able to breastfeed effectively due to their immaturity. Stress, anxiety and fatigue are factors that affect breast milk production in a negative direction and these feelings are common in the neonatal unit.Aim: To illuminate mothers? experiences of breastfeeding the premature infant in the neonatal unit.Method: A literature review of eight studies with a qualitative research approach, published between the year 2000 and 2012 was conducted.

The purpose of this study was to examine in which way personnel who work with LVM approach their client?s integrity, autonomy and their participation in decision making. We used a semistructured interview when we interviewed three social workers, one placement secretary and four care personnel who work at institutions for LVM. In the theoretical approach of this study we used the total institutions and the user influence by clients. The study has shown that personnel?s considerations to their client?s integrity, autonomy and participation in decisions are a convoluted problem.

Denna uppsats behandlar kartläggning och testning av läs- och skriv-svårigheter hos vuxenstuderande som har svenska som andraspråk. Arbetet tar sin utgångspunkt i den fonologiska förklaringsmodellen av dyslexi/specifika läs- och skrivsvårigheter, vilken framhåller att svårigheterna med att läsa och skriva bottnar i en svaghet i det fonologiska systemet. Om man inte har möjlighet att testa en person på modersmålet, vilket annars utgör den mest rättvisande metoden för bedömning av läs- och skrivsvårigheter, kan man enligt vissa forskare ändå använda fonologiska tester på majoritetsspråket, förutsatt att personen vistats i målspråkslandet under en tid. Forskare framhåller också vikten av att vid bedömningen väga in kringliggande faktorer avseende social och kulturell bakgrund, samt hur situationen kring läsning och skrivning hittills sett ut, innefattande läs- och skriv-inlärningen på modersmålet.I denna studie sker, med hjälp av kartläggningssamtal och tester av den fonologiska förmågan, en bedömning av fyra kvinnors läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Undersökningen visar att det går att få fram en djupare och mer tillförlitlig information om vilka läs- och skrivsvårigheterna är och möjlig orsak till dessa, om man kombinerar fonologiska test med ingående kartläggningssamtal.

Knowledge regarding pain and pain treatment is an essential part within nursing that a nurse is responsible for. Earlier studies have shown that lack of that kind of knowledge often results in inadequate treatment for pain. The purpose with the study was to describe nurses? knowledge regarding pain and pain treatment at a medical unit in a hospital in central Sweden, and to see if there was a distinction in knowledge related to professional experience. Data was collected through a questionnaire with questions referring to pain (6 questions) and pain treatment (6 questions).

Ocean Modules Sweden AB is a small business active in the field of underwater technology. Thecompany was contacted by the Swedish Defense Materiel Administration (FMV) in order todevelop a new system that would conform to their specific requirements. Two students at theRoyal Institute of Technology (KTH) were consulted in conjunction of this project in order to aidthe development and conceptual design of the system.The primary users of the system are the divers of the Explosive Ordnance Disposal division (EOD)- a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. The purpose of the product was to incorporate allnecessary functions required by the EOD divers into one single system. The main functions arecommunication between the surface operator and diver, video recording, still imaging, positioning,navigation and ocean floor mapping with sonar.

This thesis is based on an assignment from a unit within an international group manufacturing industrial products. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze and suggest ways to improve the cost accounting system in use at the unit. The main source of empirical data has been interviews with employees. The theoretical framework is based on a comparison between traditional/standard costing and activity-based costing (ABC). The cost accounting system in use is described in detail and classified as a traditional/standard cost accounting system.

The aimof this study is to contribute furthermore to understand the complexity of theprocess of learning to read and write in an inclusive environment. It focus on the syllableinstead of the phoneme as a unit in this process which is not the most common way ofdoing it. The report is based on a qualitative analysis of this task in pre-school and gradeone at a primary school in a small municipality.In the result, I have found, that the very structured working process and the diagnosticapproach helps the teachers to understand on what level pupils are at. The pupils whostart working this way in pre-school, feel safe knowing what is expecting from them andthey also learn from each other. All pupils in grade one have, before w 45 in autumnterm, very good letter knowledge and have learnt how to read words with two syllableswith a consonant-wovel-structure.

Koncept används inom produktutveckling för att ta fram en beskrivning av en tänkt produkt i form av en skiss eller modell, tillsammans med beskrivningar över form, funktion och specifikationer och hur produkten ska tillfredsställa slutkundens behov. Med hjälp av detta uppskattas även utvecklingskostnaderna för den tänkta produkten, vilket ger beslutsunderlag för om och hur fortsatt utveckling ska ske.Användningen av strukturerade metoder i en konceptfas motiveras av att det effektiviserar produktutvecklingsprocessen genom att resurser läggs på tidiga faser i arbetet, vilket bidrar till att minska antalet iterationer senare i processen. Ett väldefinierat koncept lägger på så sätt grunden för att fortsatt arbete ska kunna ske framgångsrikt.Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur konceptutvecklingsfasen inom produktut-vecklingsprojekt går till. Fokus ligger på att undersöka konceptgenerering, konceptutvärdering och testning.En teoristudie har gjorts för att ge en bakgrund om vad litteraturen säger om ämnet. För att undersöka hur detta efterlevs i praktiken har en intervjustudie med totalt sex respondenter på olika företag gjorts, varav två behandlas i denna uppsats.Resultaten visar att de undersökta företagen till stor del använder specifika modeller och metoder under konceptutvecklingsfasen, men att dessa ser olika ut från fall till fall.

Drain water heat recovery is an uncommon measure in multi-unit residential buildings. There istechnology available for the purpose but the knowing and experience of the heat recovery systems islittle. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the future potential of drain water heat recovery inmulti-unit residential buildings.A major part of the multi-unit residential buildings in Sweden were built during modernismen andrekordåren (1940?1975). Many of the buildings have worn out drain and water supply systems andmany are in need of a general refurbishment.

This report describes the work of developing a specification of requirements for Waste Heat Recovery Units. The main part of the paper describes how the work with the specification of requirements has been performed. One specific question to be answered is:What are the customer?s demands in case of properties for the Waste Heat Recovery Units and how is that information collected as an order documentation to suit the business area Oil & Gas?The report begins with a description of the assignment and continues with the aim and background. A theoretical part describes the different areas and methods that have been important during the process.

Previous studies have shown positive results on the use of music as postoperative pain relief. Quantitative studies have examined the effect of music on rated pain and otherparameters such as anxiety, relaxation and blood-pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expectations and experiences of patients and nurses onimplementing music as postoperative pain relief in an orthopedic unitQualitative design and semi-structured interviews were used to examine expectations and experiences. Five patients and five nurses in the unit were interviewed.Four themes developed during the data-analysis. These themes were ?Expectations on music as postoperative pain relief?, ?Experiences of music as postoperative pain relief?,?Effects of music as postoperative pain relief? and ?Continued implementation of musicas postoperative pain relief?.