This essay is a selective review of Nordic literature with the aim to explore contemporary conceptions of male-on-female rape, to increase the understanding of how these can construct ?a real rape?. To achieve this two questions were formulated: What circumstances can cause an incident not to be defined as rape? What circumstances can cause an incident to be defined as rape? Searches in international and Swedish databases led to initial selection of peer-review journal articles and dissertations that were reviewed against set criteria. These criteria were met by 8 studies, that were assigned codes, from which comprehensive categories were developed.

The purpose with the study is to see how middle managers in communal elderly care looks at the implementation of the salutogenic way of working in their operations. And how it affects the middle managers working situation. We studied which scope of actions middle managers has in the salutogenic way of working. We had previous knowledge that the salutogenic working way is an ongoing work of development in several communes, and therefore we chose to study in a profound way how this work of development affects the middle managers working situation. To reach a deeper knowledge about how the salutogenic way of working affects the middle managers working situation we conducted a qualitative study with been seven semi-structured interviews with middle managers in different geographical communes.

Miljonprogrammets kommande energiupprustning blir allt mer akut samtidigt som energipriserna i Sverige trappas upp. Med miljötänkets renässans och dagens energikonsumtion är det viktigt att såväl befintliga som nyproducerade fastigheter anpassas och energieffektiviseras. Arbetet grundar sig i den försvarbara investeringen av upprustningen på miljonprogrammets hus samt den rådande bostadsbristen i Stockholm.   I rapporten kan läsaren följa utvecklandet av ett påbggnadsförslag i centrala Stockholm. Förslaget beskrivs utifrån arbetets 3 grundpelare planering, konstruktion och energi. Syftet är att undersöka om en påbyggnad av fastigheten Linjalen 8 är möjlig. Vidare att undersöka om påbyggnaden kan anpassas för en hållbar framtid och exemplifiera energieffektiviseringar.

In a situation with dying patients it can be difficult for a nurse to know how to act..

Studiens syfte var att underso?ka om fo?rutsa?ttningar fo?r empati i form av personlig disposition och aktuell situation samverkar med empatiska processer fo?r att ge ett emotionellt utfall.Blivande behandlare (n=90) och specialpedagoger / specialla?rare (n=50) fick se filmer och besvara fra?geformula?r baserade pa? IRI och MACL. Stiganalys gjordes med hja?lp av SEM i SPSS/AMOS. Resultaten visade att empatisk disposition och empatiska processer tillsammans predicerar medka?nsla.

Syfte: Att undersöka upplevelser av hot och våld bland personal som arbetar på akutmottagningaroch inom ambulanssjukvården.Metod: En litteraturstudie där 24 artiklar ingår.Resultat: Personal som blir utsatt för hot och våld känner sig osäkra på sin arbetsplats.Psykosomatiska upplevelser i form av huvudvärk, minnesproblematik och sömnstörningar har visatsig förekomma. Många anmäler inte att de blivit utsatta för hot eller våld för att de känner att det ärmeningslöst. Majoriteten av deltagarna upplevde att de inte har tillräcklig utbildning för att hanteravåldsamma personer.Slutsats: Hot och våld förekommer i stor utsträckning inom akut- och ambulanssjukvården. Dettaär ett arbetsmiljöproblem som påverkar personalen negativt. Mer träning i att bemöta hotfullapersoner är viktigt.

The purpose of this study was principally to illuminate and describe how the alteration in law (1994:137) about the reception of asylum seekers and others has been implemented at some different authorities in Sweden, according to separated children; children who have fled to Sweden without their parents or other adult guardians. Beside this I want to, as a part, describe how the child perspective looks like at the authorities. The study refers to illuminate and describe the first time for the separated children in Sweden, which means from the arrival and about one year ahead. Qualitative interviews have been used as a method to especially investigate how the subjects of my interview understand their commission according to the separated children, how the practice situation looks like for and according to the separated children in relation to existing laws and instructions and finally how my subjects of interview think about the above mentioned alteration in law (1994:137), which means distribution of responsibility between Swedish authorities.My study showed that there were implementation problems according to the alteration in law (1994:137). The intentions to make it better for the separated children through the law alteration don't work in a good or satisfying way in the practice situation..

Female genital mutilation is an ancient custom, practiced mainly in African countries. For several years, Africans has immigrated to Sweden and many of the women are genitally mutilated or circumcised. The aim of this study was to bring some clarity to the attitudes and experiences regarding female genital mutilation among those who are affected. Articles for this literature review were searched for in international databases, and in the university library database. The outcome of this study shows that health care staff is in need of greater knowledge about this custom, in order to be able to handle the situation appropriately.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva icke akuta patienters upplevelser av akutmottagning. Studien baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys med manifest ansats. Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: akutmottagningen var det snabbaste och bästa sättet att få hjälp med sina åkommor och sitt lidande, väntan kan accepteras men kan också förstärka oron beroende på bristande information, vilja bli respekterad och inte vara till besvär. Resultatet visade att akutmottagningen var lättillgänglig med bra öppettider och de gav den mest kompletta vården. Det framkom även missnöje med primärvården.

The objective of this study was to describe and analyze some of the conflicts in the class room using solution strategies from a human needs perspective. This was done by a qualitative in-vestigation based on the observations of the participants.The query of how every day conflicts arise in the class room and their reasons.The result was analyzed using reference frame in human needs theory. The results showed that there were several reasons for a conflict and its solution. It was also shown that creating a nice atmosphere in the class room was a continuous effort and the strategies of the teachers in a conflict situation were different depending on the situation. Human needs theories assists us to analyze and handle conflicts in the class room..

Människors allmänna välbefinnande och livskvalitet påverkas av deras sömn.    Sömnproblemen ökar och resulterar i ökade kostnader för den enskilde, arbetsgivarna och samhället. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva effekter av sömnhygieniska åtgärder riktade till individer inom hälsovården med primär insomni. Resultatet visade att en kombination av åtgärder utifrån personliga behov gav bäst resultat men också att det rådde begreppsförvirring runt sömnhygieniska åtgärder och deras effektivitet. Fördjupad kunskap behövs vad det gäller de enskilda sömnhygieniska rådens effektivitet.

To be able to protect themselves from credit risk, the banks must constantly check the performance of  the companies they have lent money to. There are many mathematical models for predicting financial distress. These models use accounting-based ratios, which often are historical and not representative for the present situation. This study describes how the banks do in practice to find signals of insolvency in time and the variables they are observing for doing that.In addition to financial reports which the company sends in to the bank at least once a year, also the relationship between them and information from different information  agencies are of great importance to track  signals of insolvency. Poor profitability is the primary cause of insolvency.

The aim of this literature review was to describe how the literature presents parents? need for information and how parents perceive the information from care personnel when their child 0-18 years of age is diagnosed with diabetes. The literature search was performed in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. Thirteen articles that met the inclusion criteria were studied. The results showed that when a child is diagnosed with diabetes the whole family faces a new situation and the parents are in great need for adequate information from care personnel to be able to deal with the new life situation and participate in the care.

In this study the semi structured interview method was used to explore what kind of knowledge one In State Authority: The Migration Board, and three Non Governmental Organisations: Red Cross, Save the Children and ISS- International Social Service have about the situation for separated children. Another purpose in this study was to explore if people who are close to the children are working for the best of the children and if their cases were treated with legal security. The result shows that the children?s cases are not treated with legal security and some of the children suffer psychologically from separations from the families and other children need new families because they were maltreated. The result also shows that there are signs that separated children are discriminated compared to children with a Swedish background..

Ett stort antal barn utsätts regelbundet för fysiska övergrepp i hemmet. De allra flesta uppsöker BVC flera gånger under sina första sex levnadsår. Sjuksköterskan ges därmed goda möjligheter att undersöka och observera barnet samt skapa en bra relation till föräldrarna. Barn som utsätts för fysiska övergrepp upptäcks många gånger inte förrän det är för sent, när något allvarligt redan inträffat som leder till akut kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Det är viktigt att de utsatta barnens situation upptäcks så tidigt som möjligt i vårdkedjan, helst redan i samband med rutinbesök på barnavårdscentralen [BVC].