Bakgrund: Tidigare studier har visat att barn har sämre styrka i överkropp och bål samt är mindre fysiskt aktiva nu än tidigare, detta skulle kunna medför en ökad hälsorisk framförallt på längre sikt.Syfte: Att undersöka om ett pass med 4 min Tabata intervaller med stabiliserade övningar, varje skoldag under en 6 veckors period gav någon skillnad på de fysiska testerna och gav en ökad stabilitet och styrka hos barn i åldern 7-9 år.Design: Studien genomfördes som en interventionsstudie med en kvantitativ ansats.Metod: 42 barn varav 23 flickor och 19 pojkar i åldern 7-9 år deltog i studien som genomfördes på skoltid i klassrummen. Utöver studiegruppen användes 13 barn som kontrollgrupp de genomförde enbart de fysiska testerna före och efter studien.Resultat: En signifikant ökning av antalet push-up (P<0.05) och push-up (knä)(P<0.05) kunde påvisas efter studien.Konklusion: De fysiska tester som visade signifikanta förbättringar hade liknande övningar inkluderade i Tabatastudien..

This essay explores to what extent the Swedish language version of Google Images meets the usability requirements of average everyday users. Previously published studies on user behaviour and users? interface and search option preferences define the usability requirements, which are matched against Google Images? actual interface and search options. The retrieval method of Google Images is also briefly discussed, and users? opinions about Google Images too, as they come across in the previously published user studies.The findings are that Google Images lack some of the things that users ask for, but it still seems to be the most used image search engine among average internet users and more appreciated than other search engines.

Migration är resultatet av en växande globaliserad ekonomi och ett utökataktivitetsmönster vilket ställer högre krav på individens rörlighet. Migration bidrarbåde med för- och nackdelar för samhällsutvecklingen i ett land, en region och på enplats. Ur ett kulturgeografiskt perspektiv studeras migration utifrån vilkaomständigheter och förutsättningar som ligger till grund för uppkomsten avflyttströmmar, så kallade push- och pullfaktorer. Push- och pullfaktorer kan kopplastill vad det är som gör en omlokalisering eller en plats attraktiv, vilket stärkerplatsattraktiviteten genom områdesfaktorer. Dessa områdesfaktorer påverkaruppfattningen om platsens kapacitet och de resurser som finns tillgängliga för attfrämja en fortsatt befolkningstillväxt samt hur platsen påverkas avbefolkningsförändringar som uppstår i och med migrationsprocesser.

Abstract 1.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects whole body vibrations on maximal strength, power output and neuromuscular activity in m. pectoralis major during bench press.Participants consisted of 35 male and 9 female military high school students (m=23, 1 years). On the basis of initial maximal performances in bench press the participants was divided into two experiments groups and one control group. Intervention groups performed a specifically designed push up program on a vibrating plate respectively a step board during 12 weeks Initial load at 60 % of 1 RM showed an average of 46, 5 kg. All groups showed an average increase of 13 kg for each person after 12 weeks.

Control of a diesel engine equipped with Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) requires a multivariable control method. One problem is that the engine system is non-linear. Furthermore there are strong cross-connections between inputs and outputs and the inputs have alsoboundaries. To be able to manage these control problems, MPC has been used that is a multivariable method. The MPC-controller consists of an optimization problem and therefore MPC can find the optimum control signals in an easy way.

The work covered in this report includes a literature study of the diesel dual fuel technology(hereinafter referred to as DDF). The literature study covers earlier work that has been doneregarding the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) and diesel in a DDF system. Moreover a onecylinder research diesel engine was fitted with a CNG fuel system for experimental testing. Theinstallation of the engine and the test cell is described. Results from the tests are presentedcovering emissions, heat release and pressure traces from the DDF-concept.During the literature study it was found that most research was related to heavy duty dieselengines.

A webpage can be perfectly usable but if users are unable to find the webpage it will remain unused. Nine out of ten Swedes use a search engine and the most popular one is Google, amongst other search engines. In this report I seek to answer which ranking factors that should be included in an SEO-audit of an existing webpage and also how to optimize a webpage for search engines. Applying the method heuristic evaluation normally used to discover usability issues in an existing interface, on TT News Agency?s campaign site I found issues having a negative impact on the visibility in Search Engines Page Results.

Biogas is a gaseous fuel, rich in methane, produced through a biological route in an anaerobic digester. A gas engine generates combined heat and power, which can be used at the farm to reduce energy cost. The process also generates a digestate, with better utilization of nutrient compared to cattle manure. The aim of this study is to analyze the profitability of a farm-scale biogas plant for combined heat and power (CHP) at Wapnö. Wapnö is an agriculture company located in the southern part of Sweden.

The ?civilized? world is in need of fossil fuel in order to function. Hybricon AB is a company in Umeå that is developing a technology that hopefully can reduce parts of this need. They are currently testing their two electrical busses (with Hybrid backup) in city traffic on the roads of Umeå in cooperation with the county of Umeå.                               The busses are originally diesel-busses, but the diesel motor has been replaced with two electrical hub-motors with a power of 145 kW each that are powered by batteries.The batteries are charged at the end station after each route. In case the batteries should run low on capacity during driving, they can be recharged by the so called genset.

The municipality, of Gatukontoret in Local government of Borås has in the long run, a required need to look after the current heating devices (the gas production plant) in sewage treatment plant, called Gässlösa. The practical work of the examination is about, trying to find a better way to take care of the current heat recovery. That may be one way or another, rather easy to implement in the existent construction.Through the work to increase the efficiency of the gas engine, implement of some external cooling system by heating exchange device. That gives an opportunity to heat (primary) the digester, (but even all internal public areas) with its own superfluous heating.The report shows that if the management group may invest 422 704 crown to implement a heat exchanging device, it gives more space to reduce the need to buy expensive external energy. Gatukontoret´s pay off time, for buying machines, is 20 years, with reservation to calculate with 4 percent internal interest, leads to the yearly mount of 31103 crowns.If Gässlösa increases the gas engine time in (effective) duty approximately (correspondingly) 48 hours a month the entire investment will generate a profit in January in year seven after the implementations.

Scania is among the leading companies in the heavy vehicle industry. Scania also assemble engines for their trucks and buses, as well as to external marine and industrial applications. Wrongly assembled parts leads to quality problems, which makes it important to secure that the assembly is correct. To do this Design For Assembly (DFA) is used to describe how parts should become easier to assemble. Scania?s production unit for engine assembly has had a working method for DFA in the shape of a checklist, which is not used.

Under det nya seklets början har den svenska snusmarknaden karaktäriserats av en ökande konkurrens efter att under en lång period i princip ha varit en monopolmarknad för det tidigare statliga bolaget Swedish Match. Uppsatsen har syftat till att undersöka de inträdesbarriärer som uppstickarna mött i sina försök att penetrera en marknad som karaktäriseras av ovanligt hög varumärkeslojalitet, marknadsföringsförbud och i vissa fall distributionssvårigheter och därefter analysera hur dessa kan övervinnas med hjälp av marknadsföringsverktyg. Arbetet har en kvalitativ och hermeneutisk prägel och tar sin utgångspunkt i Michael Porters ?Barriers to entry?-modell, Kotlers ?Push- och Pull strategier? samt ?Marketing Mix?-modellen och fokuserar i första hand på bolagen Skruf Snus AB och Fiedler & Lundgren där nyckelpersoner intervjuats. Undersökningen visade att företagen använt sig av olika strategier för att penetrera inträdesbarriärerna med hjälp av marknadsföringsverktyg.

Urban planning is not only a matter of architectural trends; it is first and foremost political. This thesis seeks to understand the links between political ideas and visions for the city and the physical structure of the city. The study aims to construct a model to help understand these links, a helpful tool in analysing a city, focusing on the one hand at the physical structure of what I call "The City as a Welfare Provider" and on the other hand at "The City as a Growth Engine". It also sets out to test this model in an empirical study of Stockholm and the soon-to-be built district of Norra Station in the same city.The analysis shows that Stockholm has ambitions to be a welfare provider to its citizens, but have also adopted to a discourse of interurban competition which stresses the importance for the city to enhance economical growth. What is interesting is that the physical structures promoted in the planning documents of Stockholm are nearly exclusively those associated with the model of "The City as a Growth Engine"..

The aim of this thesis was to study librarians approach upon reference questions and available resources and also to find out if there is any connection between the nature of the reference question and the choice of resource. The purpose was also to give a deeper understanding of the reference work. Nine librarians were given ten reference questions and their reference work was tape recorded. The study was completed with seven interviews sent by email. Some of the reflections were translated under the headlines of form, subject, time, language and availability.

The purpose of this Master?s thesis is to evaluate three general query-based web search engines. The search engines chosen are Google, Yahoo! and Live Search. The topics, which where transformed into twenty queries, are based on real users? information needs, taken from an ask-a-question service.