Abstract Road cycling is well established and has always been described as a highly endurance sport. To be able to compete in such a demanding sport the physiology of the athletes needs to be greatly developed. This review will focus on high intensity interval training and its impact on the physiological characteristics of competitive road cyclists. The main difference between different levels of competitive road cyclists seems to be the capacity to maintain a high sub maximal power output over a long period of time in order to succeed. High intensity interval training, from 30 seconds to 5 minutes, leads to improved VO2peak, aerobic peak power and time trial performance.

Aggression Replacement Training (ART) är en multimodal behandlingsmetod som riktar sig till barn och ungdomar med aggressivt och antisocialt beteende. ART bygger på kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT). Metoden består av tre kompo-nenter. Social färdighetsträning, ilskekontrollträning och moralträning. Syftet är att se hur två klassföreståndare, en elevassistent och tre ART-tränare upplever elevers utveckling av färdigheter i och med ART-träning, samt se hur informan-terna upplever att klassen där den enskilda eleven ingått har förändrats i och med den ART-träning som denne erhållit.

This study is about job training for people with psycho-social problems without income. The purpose with this sort of job training is to bring these people back to the regular labor market as well as the experience of having a job. In the labor market situation in Sweden today there?s no guarantee that the individual will return to the labor market after having undergone job training. The aim of this study is to understand how supervisors at job training activities experience that the organizations of the activities and resources affect their work.

The dialysis ward at Karolinska University Hospital is a highly pressurized work environment filled with critical treatment situations where patient?s lives can be constantly in danger. Staff have to deal with a myriad of alarms and error codes in response to their patients varying ailments. The workforce at the dialysis ward lack controlled environment training, sufficient to address all of the potential treatment scenarios, with no risk of jeopardizing the patient?s condition.The purpose of this essay is to design and test the efficacy of using an IT based device for dialysis education at Karolinska University Hospital.The main topics this essay intends to address are:? Identification of user scenarios and training fields.? Prioritization of key training areas.? Utilization of IT in effective staff training.? Design of a conceptual prototype.The process focuses on the user and their needs.

The aim of this essay is to examine the supervisor?s view on the structure and content of the tasks given to students during their vocational training. The investigation could be of help for teachers when devising new vocational training tasks. The study is based upon qualitative interviews with five supervisors, all of whom work at preschools. The supervisors were asked to grade all the vocational training tasks on a scale from one (easy) to five (difficult).

Bakgrund: En vårdrelation tar sin utgångspunkt i patientens livsvärld, där individuella frågeställningar och behov kan identifieras med målet att frambringa upplevelsen av hälsa hos patienten. Våld och aggression riktat mot vårdpersonal är ett väl beskrivet fenomen i litteraturen och betraktas även som vanligt förekommande problem inom hälso- och sjukvården. Det våldsamma mötet genererar ofta hos vårdaren en känsla av att relationen har tagit skada, vilket i sin tur kan ha negativa konsekvenser för skapandet och upprätthållandet av en god vårdrelation.Syfte: Att studera de känslor som uppkommer hos vårdpersonalen i samband med aggression och deras eventuella inverkan på vårdrelationen.Metod: En litteraturstudie med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: I resultat presenteras vårdarens uppkomna känslor till följd av att ha utsatts för aggression. Vi identifierade fyra stycken kategorier: rädsla, ilska, utsatthet samt bristande tillit. Konsekvenserna av rädsla verkar leda till att vårdaren distanserar sig fysiskt och mentalt, vilket i förlängningen kan innebära bristande tillit från patienten till vårdaren.

Violence and aggression is a common problem for staff in different care units. Caregivers often feel frustrated and unsatisfied in their work with these patients. Even caregivers with long experience finds it valuable to get education in management of violent patients. The aim of this literature study was to illuminate staffs experience in meeting with aggresive and violent patients. The method that was used was a literature research, where earlier research findings were read, analysed and put together.

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine the affects perceived by young people aged 18-19 years old after resistance training outdoors versus resistance training indoor. The aim of the study was also to examine if the rate of perceived exertion was affected by whether the resistance training took place outdoors or indoors. What immediate affects are perceived in conjunction with resistance training outdoors and indoors in people aged 18-19 years?What immediate affects are perceived after resistance training outdoors compared to equivalent resistance training indoor in people aged 18-19 years?What perceived exertion level can be seen in conjunction with resistance training outdoors compared to equivalent resistance training indoors in people aged 18-19 years?How does exercise habit correlate with affects and exertion in conjunction with resistance training? Method22 pupils in a secondary school conducted two resistance training sessions, one outdoors and one indoor. A questionnaire about their mood and exercise habits was answered before and immediately after the training session. Rate of perceived exertion rate was also included in the questionnaire the participants received after the workout.

Violence and aggression is a common problem for staff in different care units. Caregivers often feel frustrated and unsatisfied in their work with these patients. Even caregivers with long experience finds it valuable to get education in management of violent patients. The aim of this literature study was to illuminate staffs experience in meeting with aggresive and violent patients. The method that was used was a literature research, where earlier research findings were read, analysed and put together.

The spontaneous blink rate is found to be a non-invasive but functional, reliable and useful way to monitor central dopaminergic activity. Dopamine is associated with a range of functions such as reward, motivation and learning. It plays an important role in goal-directed behavior and in maintaining a behavior once a task is learned. As far as the author knows, there are today no publications that discuss the topic regarding the possible link between training and spontaneous blink rate in dogs. Therefore, eight privately owned dogs were included in this study to determine if there was a significant difference in the spontaneous blink rate before and after the process of learning a task.

Today there is a research project undertaken by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences along with Wången (a highschool specialized in trotter training), which focuses on trotting horse training, performance and health. The project investigates how exercise intensity and feeding strategies affect the development of growing horses. The project includes two groups of horses where all 16 horses are fed in the same way. One group of eight individuals are trained 100% compared to conventional training and the other group are trained 20% less than the other group. All horses are trained twice a week and are out at pasture beyond that.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Western world. For persons who have had a myocardial infarction the following rehabilitation and the group training, which is a part of this, are very important. The cardiac rehabilitation is designed to limit the physiological and psychological effects of cardiovascular disease. Purpose: This study aimed to examine how patients with cardiovascular disease experienced group training in relation to the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health, ICF. Method: A qualitative interview study was performed according to Malterud, inspired by the Grounded Theory method.

Demens är en degenerativ sjukdomsprocess som påverkar människans kognitiva förmågor och beteende vilket leder till ökat behov av stöd och hjälp i det dagliga livet. Ångest, oro, agitation och aggression är vanligt förekommande beteendesymtom som är svåra att hantera. Dessa symtom påverkar inte bara personen med demens negativt utan även personerna i omgivningen. Syftet med studien var att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan lindra beteendestörningar hos äldre personer med demens som bor på särskilt boende. Litteraturstudien genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturöversikt som resulterade i 23 funna studier.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa olika omvårdnadsåtgärder som bidrar tillatt minska beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demens (BPSD). Metod:Examensarbetet har utförts som en litteraturstudie med 15 vetenskapliga artiklarvarav fem kvantitativa och tio kvalitativa. Datainsamling har genomförts i devårdvetenskapliga databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat: De olikaomvårdnadsåtgärderna som bidrog till att minska BPSD var att anpassa vårdmiljöngenom färgsättning och möjlighet till enkelrum samt egen toalett, även att användasig av personcentrerad och behovsanpassad vård för att beakta hela människan ochdess behov, att stimulera hörsel, lukt och känsel med hjälp av taktil ochfotmassage, aromaterapi, akupressur och musik. Samt att använda sig avmontessori baserade aktiviteter som innebar att personer fick ägna sig åt intressensom de haft innan sjukdomen uppkom och teoretiskt baserade aktiviteter såsom attläsa tidning och lösa korsord.

The purpose of this thesis is to reach a deeper understanding of the context of teachers? information seeking. Research in the role of the library in a learning perspective is in demand. To reach our aim we investigate what teachers say about their experiences of the user training during their studies and what effect it had on their information seeking as teachers. We interviewed four teachers and analyzed the transcripts of their sayings about their experiences of their information seeking during their education and a teaching profession.