Background: To be a parent to a child dying of cancer affect not just the parents themselves, but the whole family. Experiences of fear, powerlessness and anxiety surrounds them. Nurses need knowledge about parents? experiences to help and support these parents adequately. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe parents? experiences of losing a child to cancer, from diagnosis to the child?s death.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, induced by an immune mediated reaction in the small intestine after ingestion of gluten and related prolamines. There is a strong genetic linkage and most important are the genes that encodes for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has developed new guidelines for investigation of CD in children and adolescents, which include genotyping for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Therefore, the clinical microbiological laboratory in Västmanland wants to introduce a method for analysis of these genes. Microarray is a newly developed method for determination of the alleles HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 that encodes for the ?- and ?-subunits of the HLA-molecules.

In the nurse's profession ulcer care is a common nursing intervention. Being inserted in methods of treatment and updated with evidence-based knowledge is therefore an important part of the nurse's work. Chronic ulcers are expensive for health care and occupy a lot of time. Knowledge is therefore important for ulcer healing, for the patient comfort and to reduce costs. The aim of the study was to illustrate the nurse's knowledge of nursing interventions of chronic ulcer.

Syftet med denna undersökning var att undersöka olika pedagogers uppfattning om vilka behov barn med koncentrationssvårigheter har och hur musik kan fylla dessa behov. Sex personer, fyra kvinnor och två män, intervjuades. De hade alla erfarenhet av både musik och barn med koncentrationssvårigheter. Intervjuerna varade i 30-60 minuter. Metoden var löst strukturerade intervjuer och samtalen tolkades på ett hermeneutiskt sätt.

Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att få en inblick i hur några lärare i årskurs fyra och fem tänker och planerar för att inkludera alla elever och få dem, även de med koncentrationssvårigheter, att klara av skolan och få de kunskaper de ska ha. För att undersöka detta sökte jag kontakt med några erfarna lärare, besökte dem i deras klasser och genomförde intervjuer med dem. Mina intervjuer var halvstrukturerade och blev därför lite olika beroende på vilken skola det var och på den jag intervjuade. Resultaten av undersökningen visar att lärarna betonar samma faktorer som aktuell forskning visar på. Lugn och ro i klassrummet, tydlighet, variation i arbetet, individuell anpassning, hjälp och uppmuntran, goda föräldrakontakter och goda relationer mellan lärare och elev var faktorer som togs upp.

Swedish studies have shown that more people than expected have problems with leg ulcers and that the yearly cost for treatment per patient is approximately 26 500kr. Since the elderly population is on the rise, there is a need to highlight this growing problem, to make sure that proper assessment tools are used and to improve the standard of care given to patients with leg ulcers. The aim was to show what a difference the nurse can make to patients with leg ulcers. With all types of wounds it is imperative to establish if there is any underlying reasons since certain illnesses can cause more wounds or delay the healing process. The doctor is responsible for making the diagnosis and to prescribe the correct treatment whereas the nurse?s responsibility is for the nursing care and its documentation.

This article presents a retrospective case study combined with a review of the current literature concerning canine gestational diabetes. A total of 14 cases have been collected from six different clinics in Sweden. There are few previously published reports on canine gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a disease that rarely occurs in pregnant bitches. The condition is due to the rise of progesterone that occurs during the estrus cycle.

The purpose with this work is to describe the language that is built around the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in Sweden. Our questions are: What does the professional field look like; who writes, about what and for which kind of readers? How do they describe the expressions and the upcoming of CFS? For which reasons can CFS be considered as a medical diagnosis/illness? How can CFS be understood from a social perspective? Our theoretical starting point is a social constructive theory and also Karin Johannisson's theory about medicalization and Foucault?s theory about power. We have from a literature-exposition of Swedish articles from 1989 to 2006, done a social constructive discourse analysis with help from Laclau & Mouffe's discourse theory, and Fairclough's model of social practices. In our textual analysis we found three dominating discourses: A medical discourse, a social/cultural discourse and a general/popular discourse.

The aim of the study is to investigate how social workers relate to the self-determination in cases that involve people who have dementia. To investigate this we have chosen to build a qualitative study. The study is based on four interviews with social workers in elderly care in Sweden. To analyze our material we chose the concept autonomy, and legal texts from the Social Services Act (SFS 2001: 453) and Parental code (SFS 1949: 381). Our results show that social workers are often forced to deviate from the law and guidelines to ensure the best for the person with dementia.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore pupils' motivation for participating in Physical Education. The thesis also investigates the definitions of sport and health and to what extent pupils make any connection between the school subject physical education and their own physical and health status. A semi-structured interview was carried out with thirteen upper secondary school pupils with special needs on the Individual Programme. The interviews were recorded digitally and then analyzed. The results show that there is no unified definition of the school subject among the pupils.

Sammanfattning:Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka vilka material/ hjälpmedel som används för att hjälpa barnen med koncentrationssvårigheter i förskolorna och att undersöka vilka för- och nackdelar pedagogerna ser med materialet/ hjälpmedel.MetodFör att undersöka vilka material/verktyg som finns i verksamheterna gjordes en webbenkät.Webbenkäten korsanalyserades med en intervju som gjordes i en särskoleverksamhet.ResultatResultatet av enkäten visade att pedagogerna använde olika färdiga material samt egenutvecklat material. Det positiva som framkom var att alla barn oavsett behov gynnades av att arbeta med materialet. Det negativa var att pedagogerna ansåg att de hade för lite schemalagd tid att leta efter passande material.Betydelse för läraryrketMin förhoppning är att denna undersökning ska hjälpa pedagoger i förskoleverksamheter med att lättare kunna söka passande material till barngrupperna. Min förhoppning är också att ge pedagoger en liten fingervisning om var de kan finna information gällande hjälpmedel för barn med behov..

This paper presents the results of a study of dyscalculia. It is a retrospective archival study implemented with a deductive approach. On the basis of established research and theory 18 analytical categories were formulated, before a deductive thematic analysis of empirical material, consisting of journal data of 17 students investigated for dyscalculia, 14 girls (82.4%) and 3 boys (17.6%).The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concepts formulated in research on dyscalculia and actual mathematical difficulties as those found in practice of students at school.All pupils had early and long-term difficulties with mathematics, while not showing any difficulties in other subjects. Most have had an unsatisfactory learning environment. All had normal intelligence but difficulty with certain cognitive, self-regulatory and linguistic features.

Läraren möter idag i klassrummet barn med olika behov och eftersom specialläraren försvinner till förmån för specialpedagogen behöver lärare veta vad för hjälp, stöd och resurser den har tillgängligt i sin närmiljö för att underlätta sin undervisningsmiljö. Arbetet består av en litteraturstudie och en kvalitativ studie om skolans och kommunens roll att underlätta lärarens arbete när DAMP-elever tillkommer i klassrummet.. Jag valde att intervjua lärare och rektorer på tre skolor varav två mellanstadie- och en högstadieskola i området Öster i Motala kommun, Specialpedagogiska institutet i Linköping och personal från Motala kommun. Resultatet visar att skolorna har beredskap på olika sätt om läraren skulle behöva hjälp eller stöd. En lärare kan vända sig till elevvårdsteam och arbetslag, hålla elevvårdskonferens eller kontakta resursteamet som finns i Motala kommun.

In today's preschool teachers should strive for us to have an inclusive preschool regardless of background, knowledge, culture. The conditions that everyone should have the right to education. Therefore the purpose of this study to enhance the understanding of the informants' views and thoughts regarding the inclusion of children with special needs. My study focused generally on children with special needs, but not against any particular diagnosis or a particular area related to children with special needs. To get answers to my questions I used qualitative interviews.

AbstractThis study examines factors in school that could contribute to or counteract the experience of inclusion of persons who have been diagnosed in the field of autism spectrum disorder. The information was gathered through qualitative interviews and processed to be presented in the results.The results show that respondents found it difficult to concentrate when in school because of the environment. They experienced no coherence in learning situations, they may not get answer as to why information should be carried out and saw no point to have breaks. Furthermore, they experienced no problems to orientate in school or to follow the schedule. The results also revealed that the respondents had at least one teacher with whom they felt that the relationship was positive.