External forces have significant impact on organisations. This study analyzes the implications of one type of external forces in aid-focused NGOs through two qualitative case studies where it is investigated if Sida?s reporting requirements have the intended effects: learning and control using a theoretical framework where it is recognised that the requirements may also result in dysfunctional behaviour: decoupling and colonisation. The study shows that when the demands are the result of institutional pressure rather than an ambition to generate learning and control, the demands tend to be unrealistic and the NGOs therefore decouple the formal fulfilment of the demands from the actual activities. It is argued that a partnership, which incorporates trust and dialogue, is a prerequisite, not only for learning, but also control.

External forces have significant impact on organisations. This study analyzes the implications of one type of external forces in aid-focused NGOs through two qualitative case studies where it is investigated if Sida?s reporting requirements have the intended effects: learning and control using a theoretical framework where it is recognised that the requirements may also result in dysfunctional behaviour: decoupling and colonisation. The study shows that when the demands are the result of institutional pressure rather than an ambition to generate learning and control, the demands tend to be unrealistic and the NGOs therefore decouple the formal fulfilment of the demands from the actual activities. It is argued that a partnership, which incorporates trust and dialogue, is a prerequisite, not only for learning, but also control.

Begreppet Human Resource Management, d.v.s. ledning av de mänskliga resurserna, har de senaste åren vuxit sig större. Detta beror bl.a. på att medvetenheten kring organisationer och hur man får anställda att öka produktiviteten har blivit större. Idag vet vi att de psykosociala faktorerna på en arbetsplats är av stor vikt för att få en ökad produktivitet och effektivitet.

The aim of this paper is to find an algorithm to establish and maintain a virtual enclosure around a mobile unit. The area may take any form and should be scalable up to and including national borders. The enclosure is managed on the mobile unit. The target system is Android. Smartphones, tablets and more recently, cameras is examples of mobile units.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a disease caused by Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV), which is an arbovirus. An arbovirus is a virus that is transmitted by an arthropod vector, in this case a mosquito. The virus is a member of the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. It was first identified in the Rift Valley in Kenya in 1930. The disease is a zoonosis but mainly affects domestic ruminants inducing massive abortions and a high mortality among young animals.

This study is based on the development of a new software, which is used as a recommendationtool for selecting the best product. As part of the software development has an external partnerbeen asked to assist. The report will process the expectations that different people have on anew project but also how information is communicated to an external partner.The results from this study show that a software's function is closely linked to its usability.Therefore shall usability been taken into account when a new resource is created. The study alsoshows the importance of being able to share information, on how the program will beconstituted, to someone outside the organization..

The purpose of this essay is to examine Swedish HR-managers who have either received, or been nominated for, the award ?HR-manager of the Year?. We investigate the managers? personalities, how they think about their own role and HR?s function in the organization, all in an environment that can be characterized by some skepticism towards HR. We find the HR-managers to be ?winners?; strong individuals that are confident, communicative, and driven.

To implement an ERP-system is not an easy process. The success of the implementation depend on many different variables. The most important one is perhaps the requirement process, to define what the organization wants and expects from the system. In this study, the advantages of a process mapping are examined, in relation to the phase where the requirements are expressed in an ERP-implementation. The conclusion is that a process mapping generates an increased communication with the supplier of the ERP-system, hence the business knows their processes and thereby what they want from the system.

In this paper we have studied possible future uses for Additive Manufacturing (commonly referred to as 3D-printing) in Space. More specifically we have sought to establish how Additive Manufacturing can be used to construct structures on the Moon. Our studies have shown that Additive Manufacturing has great potential for establishing colonies on not only the Moon, but perhaps even further away from our home planet. With Contour Crafting-technology in combination with ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization) we could, with material already present in the sediment layers of the Moon, construct advanced structures without having to transfer any extra material from Earth. This would lower the costs of establishing a colony on the Moon to such extents that it could actually be fiscally possible..

Engelsk titel: Greater opportunities than interests : Civic culture and deliberative discourse on Swedish NGO websitesThis is a critical and normative study, which examines a selection of Swedish NGO websites as potential forums for civic culture and deliberative discourse in the public sphere. Sociocultural, political and sociological and media and communication theories are combined.The work is made within a Habermasian tradition, but the importance of a hermeneutic methodology is stressed, along with the sociocultural perspective to reach an understanding of why citizens engage in politics. In contrast to much of the earlier research concerning deliberative discourses on the Internet, a more informal understanding of how people discuss politics is stressed.The questions are: What kind of civic role do the websites discursive dimensions address? What kind of civic identity do the users address in the websites resource dimensions?The empirical results are both discouraging and encouraging for advocates who put their trust in the Internet as a potential civic tool, in these times when neoliberal models of citiziens are prioritizing citizens as consumers, thus neglecting citizens as political actors. The study reveals that the websites show good results in general, regarding the civic roles and identities of the websites as both discourse and resource for the users.

Synen på personalyrket har utvecklats under hundratalet år och HRM som fick sitt genombrott under 1980-talet är en av de senare epokerna. HRM innebar att personalarbetet fick en annan roll i den övergripande företagsstyrningen. Det betonades att personalarbetet skulle utgå ifrånföretagets strategi samtidigt som företagets affärsidé även skulle omvandlas till en motsvarande personalidé. Fokus förflyttades från att HR-ansvariga inom linjeverksamhetenutförde administrativa arbetsuppgifter till att istället ha en mer heltäckande förståelse avverksamheten med dess kunder, aktieägare, chefer och medarbetare.Hailey argumenterar att beskrivningarna av HRM fallerar att spegla den komplexitet och detdjup som HR-rollerna innefattar. Det finns även röster som hävdar att HR-avdelningenhuvudsakligen kritiserats för bristande koppling till företagets dagliga och långsiktiga behovsnarare än för sina roller och sitt ansvar.

Master Thesis in Business Administration, School of Business Administration, Linaeus University, Finance 4FE03E, Spring 2011Authors: Benni Hansson, Axel SandquistTutor: Christopher von KochExaminer: Sven-Olof CollinTitle: Compensation as a means of monitoring or recruiting ? a study on ownership structure in Swedish listed companies.Keywords: CEO compensation, compensation structure, ownership structure, ownership types, ownership concentration, agency theory, resource dependence theory, managerial theoryBackground: There has been extensive research on CEO compensation, however not a lot on Swedish listed firms. Many studies have an agency theoretical perception on CEO compensation. In accordance with this, compensation is used as a means to solve monitoring and incentives problems.Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the role of CEO compensation, by studying ownership structure.Method: To examine the role of CEO compensation we use a multi-theory approach, based on agency theory, resource dependence theory and managerial theory. The companies examined are Swedish listed firms the in years 2005 to 2009.

In today?s fast changing environment it is important for knowledge intense companies that want to stay competitive to actively work with their knowledge, knowledge sharing and Knowledge Management (KM). Barriers decrease the efficiency of how knowledge is created, stored and shared, and they are therefore important to reduce or preferably remove making the KM activities result in as much value for the organisation as possible. To achieve this, it is important that the KM activities become a natural part of the employees? daily work.

Det är viktigt med en ständig tillförsel av mindre företag i ett land för att kunna erhålla en långsiktig ekonomisk tillväxt i landet. Många tekniska framsteg och nya uppfinningar kommer ifrån akademin, och för att detta ska nå allmänheten behöver forskarna hitta ett sätt att få ut sina idéer på marknaden. Idag är det svårt för företag skapade av forskare direkt från akademien att överleva, mycket för att de saknar den affärsmässiga kompetensen som krävs för att starta och driva ett framgångsrikt företag. Detta gjorde det intressant att undersöka vad denna typ av företag besitter för affärsmässig kompetens och hur de gör för att införskaffa sig denna. Vi har utfört en kvalitativ fallstudie på tre högteknologiska spinoff-företag i Umeå som har tagit hjälp av företagsinkubatorn Uminova. Vi har genom intervjuer med grundare och företagsledare försökt bilda oss en uppfattning om vad för typ av affärsmässig kompetens som finns och har funnits i de tre företagen.

This thesis contains a wider discussion on the analytical framework of classstudies in political science. The purpose is to put class into the light of a usefulmethodological and theoretical tool when it comes to studies on inequality and political,as well as scientific approaches and explanations to why people have awide range of differences in how they pursue their lives. It is my ambition to discusshow class relations can be theorized and explained within a given context, aswell as in society as a whole. I see the complexity of this field as a resource to enhancethe epistemological as well as the empirical discussions within the politicalscience scholars..