Forskningen kring effektiva marknader a?r uppdelad; ena sidan pa?sta?r att marknaden a?r fullsta?ndigt effektiv och det inte ga?r att skapa na?gon form av o?veravkastning. Andra sidan ha?vdar tva?rtemot att endast historisk information reflekteras i dagens priser. Pa? kort sikt kan det finns en viss ineffektivitet och de flesta erka?nner att marknaden inneha?ller anomalierSyftet med denna studie a?r att underso?ka om det existerar systematiska fel betra?ffande informationsflo?den som pekar mot att den svenska aktiemarknaden inte a?r av semi-stark form eller stark form av effektivitetVi utga?r fra?n tre metodologiska sta?llningstaganden; utga?ngspunkt, forskningsansats samt kunskapssyn.

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the prospects for identifying and prosecuting individuals suspected of war crimes, within the process of exclusion from refugee status under article 1F(a) of the 1951 Refugee Convention, and using subsequent mechanisms for extradition or prosecution in international criminal law. A number of principles within human rights law and public international law have been advocated by the UNCHR and several human rights NGOs as necessary for a thorough application of the exclusion clauses; one that takes individual responsibility into account and upholds the aims and purposes of the exclusion clauses. There is a discussion as to whether specialised or accelerated exclusion procedures are justified for reasons of security and efficiency, or if they put the rights of the individual at risk and limit the opportunities for gathering information to support investigation and prosecution of the crime in question. Apart from the instruments of asylum law and procedure that have emerged within the EU harmonisation process, there are no general, binding rules on the procedural aspects of the exclusion clauses. One principle that regulates the consequences for the individual of exclusion from refugee status and decisions on extradition is, however, the principle of non-refoulement.

Aquatic organisms are usually not exposed to single substances but rather to mixtures of toxicants in streams located in agricultural areas. The transport of pesticides used in the agricultural area in Sweden is monitored with continuous environmental supervision every year. During 2002-2008 an average of 10 pesticides were found in each sample and 40% of the samples contained substances with concentrations higher than the Water Quality Standards. Chemical risk management is normally based on single-test evaluations. A problem when assessing mixture toxicities is that the constituents and concentrations of pollutants in the environment vary greatly.

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva ljudniva?er och ja?mfo?ra huruvida ljudniva?erna fo?ra?ndras om apparatur flyttas vid en patientplats pa? intensivva?rdsavdelning. Detta underso?ktes genom att simulera en flytt av o?vervakningsutrustningen pa? en verklig, belagd intensivva?rdssal och sedan ma?ta ekvivalent ljudniva?, maximal ljudtrycksniva? och antal ljudtoppar vid tva? ma?tpunkter kring patienten. Parallellt med denna studie gjordes en observationsstudie da?r larm fra?n apparatur identifierades och ra?knades.

AbstractThis bachelor thesis was performed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm on behalf of the Land Survey Authority. The thesis is about fish conservation and division of fishing water at official duty. It is the Land Survey Authority that examines division of fisheries, but before a case can be implemented, certain requirements must be achieved such as FBL 3:8, which prevent divisions that are deleterious for fish conservation. The purpose of this thesis is: to obtain a clearer view how FBL 3:8 should be applied in practice, how the application differs between the offices in central Sweden, and how fish care is regulated at both international and national levels.At an international level, in EU the commercial fishery is regulated through the common fisheries policy (CFP). The fisheries policy consists of a reform that will last for 10 years.

Quality is the key to a well executed product or service. The construction industry hasn?t highlighted the quality in recent times which have contributed to the construction industry receiving much criticism in the field. The public sees it as an offhanded industry where errors and delays are common.The reason for this is considered to be primarily the lack of time, constant pressure to reduce costs and skills and the ability to communicate between the parties about what the correct quality really means. The industry has begun to realize that it must start setting clearer standards and that there are great opportunities for improvement.This report will give Peab an opportunity to develop their quality work.

Abstract Background: In 1997 the Kyoto Protocol was signed, it?s an international agreement which is aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sweden's goal is to reduce energy using in buildings with 20 percent by 2020 and 50 percent by 2050. This is a comparison with levels from 1995 (Glad, 2006). For Sweden to be able to reach its goals, they need to construct more low-energy buildings (Åhman, Wahlström & Lundblad, 2010).

Idag utgör immateriella tillgÄngar en allt större del av företagens tillgÄngar och de fÄr dÀrmed en allt större betydelse. I takt med att den hÀr trenden fortgÄr blir traditionell redovisning mindre och mindre anvÀndbar för investerare, analytiker och kreditgivare.Vi har i uppsatsen delvis utgÄtt frÄn en artikel i tidskriften Balans. I artikeln ifrÄgasÀtts om redovisningen inte bör anpassas efter var vÀrdet skapas i företaget. VÄrt huvudsakliga mÄl Àr att utreda om nuvarande hantering och vÀrdering av varumÀrken och övriga immateriella tillgÄngar ger en rÀttvisande bild av företagen. Detta skall vi göra genom att se pÄ och undersöka utvecklingen inom omrÄdet.

In this thesis I will discuss how US respectively EU general international security policies are formed with the scientific theories Rational Choice and Cognitive theory in mind. I?ll discuss how come US tends to go towards a more sanction orientated strategy while European Union seems to prefer a dialog and diplomatic problem solving strategy. I?ll exemplify respective security strategy through the qualitative cases study of Iran and analyse why they have taken different cores of action while trying to solve the problem with Iran's alleged nuclear weapon.

Organisationen International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) har ett pÄgÄende arbetemed att revidera FörestÀllningsramen. Studiens fokus ligger pÄ att studera och analyseraIASBs förslag pÄ nya definitioner av tillgÄng och skuld. Förslagen som IASB ger ut, ges i ettsÄ kallat Discussion Paper. I Discussion Paper diskuteras förslag pÄ förÀndringar samtanledningar till förÀndringarna.Studiens syfte Àr att förklara och skapa förstÄelse för vad IASBs förslag pÄ nya definitioner avtillgÄng och skuld kan innebÀra för anvÀndare respektive upprÀttare av de finansiellarapporterna.Studiens bidrag Àr att skapa förstÄelse inom studiens Àmne för att underlÀtta för regulatorer ideras process att utforma nya standarder. FörstÄelse skapas genom att kartlÀgga vad enförÀndring av definitionerna av tillgÄng och skuld kan ha för betydelse för IASBs olikaintressenter.Med hjÀlp av tidigare teorier inom studiens Àmne har intervjufrÄgor till studiens empiriskaundersökning kunnat utformas.

I den h?r studien unders?ker f?rfattaren hur man kan bli ?kta i sitt s?nguttryck. Dels genom en lyssningsanalys d?r f?rfattaren lyssnar p? s?ngare som hon anser ?r ?kta. S?ngarnas uttryck analyseras sedan f?r att komma fram till de kvaliteter och f?rm?gor de besitter och, till stor del, har gemensamt f?r att upplevas autentiska.

Diskussionerna om ?granskning? av miljö- och hÄllbarhetsredovisningar har i Sverige funnits sedan mitten av 1990-talet. Specialistrevisorn Lars-Olle Larsson menar att efterfrÄgan ökar angÄende bestyrkta hÄllbarhetsredovisningar. Detta pÄ grund av de ökade kraven frÄn organisationer som Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Förenta Nationerna (FN) och Amnesty International. Med andra ord har uppmÀrksamheten riktas mot sÄvÀl företagens samhÀllsansvar som den enskilda revisorn och revisorsprofessionen.Det finns en pÄgÄende forskningsdebatt som grundar sig pÄ struktur kontra bedömning i revisionsprocessen.

Nordmaling is a small muncipality that has gotten a lot of critic in media over the last two years. In order to regain a good reputation and to communicate a strong message towards external groups, Nordmaling have decided to develop a branding platform that can represent the organization in both external and internal communications. In order to develop a brand the organization must understand its identity.The purpose of the study was to examine the employees? thoughts of their organization in order to be able to define the organizational identity and give recommendations of core values that the organization can apply to their brand. To understand how the employees perceive their organization and what they think the organization stands for, the main focus was to study their view on values, standards, goals and vision of the organization through focus interviews and a survey.

In this diploma work the approach of determining the required amount of reinforcement in slabs exposed to pure tension is processed, on behalf of Ramböll Uppsala. It is a well-known problem in the industry that there are uncertainties in the determining of the amount of crack reinforcement, especially for structures exposed to pure tension. Cracking caused during the time of dehydration in concrete slabs is the most common defect according to statistics made by CBI[1], which provides numbers as high as 35 % of all the defects caused on slabs are generated by cracks. Comparisons between Sweden's former national standard BBK 04, Building Regulations for concrete structures due to restrained forces of shrinkage, and the current European standard Eurocode 2 are carried out through theoretical studies and concludes with several examples of calculations. Rigorous calculations of both standards, BBK 04 and Eurocode 2 with application of the national annex in Sweden and Denmark are performed.

Detaljplaneprocessen anses ga? fo?r la?ngsamt i Sverige och bidra till en la?gre nybyggnation av bosta?der. Samtidigt uppger ma?nga av Sveriges kommuner att de har brist pa? bosta?der. Regeringen har pekat pa? att planeringen bedrivs mer effektivt i Tyskland och Storbritannien.I uppsatsen undersöks detaljplaneprocessen i dessa tva? la?nder genom fallstudier.