Vindkraft och elbilar på Öland år 2020
Är smart laddning av elbilar lösningen på ett framtida flaskhalsproblem?
The Island of Öland has one of the best wind climates for land based wind power in Sweden. An objective for the Island is to become self sufficient using electricity from renewable source of energy such as wind. There is currently 55 MW capacity installed on the Island and it is estimated that grid congestion will occasionally occur if more than 135 MW was installed.The aim of this thesis is to investigate he possibilities for load management by smart charging of electric vehicles, EV. The definition of smart charging is that the charging is done to some extent with an ICT-system, (information and communication technology) that correlates wind electricity generation to the charging of electric vehicles. The purpose is to avoid grid congestions on the sub-sea cable that connects Öland to the mainland because that in turn would curtail wind energy production. Without grid congestion and the consequent wind energy curtailment, additional cost efficient wind turbines could be established on the island. An alternative to EV load management is to increase grid capacity with a costly new sub-marine transmission cable.A Matlab model was used to estimate potential wind energy curtailments in scenarios that compared different assumed amounts of EV, installed wind power and EV-charging alternatives.The model shows that using the current sub-marine cable, 190 MW installed wind power on Öland would produce an estimated 545 GWh of electricity per year but there would be about 7 GWh ( >1 % ) curtailed. However, the model also shows that this curtailment could be reduced to near zero with a future EV car fleet using smart charging. This would allow the establishment of an additional 55 MW of cost efficient wind power using the existing sub-marine cable.I conclude that load management with EV?s is an interesting alternative to grid reinforcement and should be investigated further together with some other alternative load management options.