Påverkar antal tuggningar mättnad?
Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Does the number of chews affect satiation and satiety?Author: Madeleine Johansson och Helena AnderssonSupervisor: Heléne Bertéus ForslundExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 27, 2014Background: Overweight and obesity is a growing problem worldwide. In 2008, 35% of theworld's population were overweight and 11% obese , which is almost doubling since 1980,according to WHO. Recommendations on overweight and obesity is not just about what weeat but how we eat. A generally accepted recommendation is to eat slowly and chew yourfood properly in order to increase fullness and reduce energy intake. Is there any scientificevidence for this recommendation?Objective: To investigate whether there is evidence that chewing affects satiation and satiety,independent eating rate.Search strategy: Search was performed in the databases PubMed , Scopus , and Cochrane.Keywords used were ?mastication?, ?satiation?, ?satiety?, ?energy intake? and ?chew *?.Selection criteria: Inclusion criteria for the review article were randomized controlled trialswritten in Swedish or English. Studies must have used the same food in the control- and theintervention group and studied the number of chews in relation to satiation and satiety. Adultsbetween 18-65 years were included. Studies conducted with chewing gum, participants withgastrointestinal disease, studies focused on dental health and guidelines were excluded.Data collection and analysis: Three selected articles were reviewed and analyzed using theSBU:s Mall för kvalitetsgranskning av randomiserade studier and the three outcomemeasures satiety, hunger, and ghrelin were graded by the University of Gothenburg templateSammanfattande evidensformulär.Main results: The three studies showed consistency that chewing does not affect satiety.Weak evidence exists that chewing nor affect hunger or ghrelinConclusion: The conclusion is that there at the present time is moderate evidence that thenumber of chews does not affect satiety. There is no evidence to recommend an increasednumber of chews with respect to satiety. However, it may possibly for other reasons such asreduced eating rate, not studied here, be included as part of an individual nutrition therapy toreduce energy intake and weight. There is no scientific evidence to draw conclusions aboutsatiation. More research in this area is necessary.