Kostnadseffektiv svaveldioxidreduktion
en studie där ett optimalt svenskt mål jämförs med ett internationellt mål
In Sweden the work of reducing acidification and its prime cause; emission and deposition of sulphur dioxide, has been going on for decades. Despite of all the work that has been done the positive progress in the acidified areas is slow. This is partly due to a long recovery time for the acidified areas but also because the reductions of emission and deposition of sulphur dioxide have not been large enough.
Emissions of sulphur dioxide from land based source in Sweden are estimated to 34 000 tons in the year of 2010. During the same year, approximately 182 000 tons of sulphur dioxide will be deposited over the Swedish territory. The deposition originates mainly from sources in Poland and from ships trafficking the Baltic Sea, but our own emissions contribute as well with about 10 per cent. Since Sweden is a net importer of sulphur dioxide we can not on our own reduce the sulphur dioxide deposition and international agreements with emission targets are not optimal from a Swedish point of view. From a strictly Swedish perspective it would instead be optimal with an international agreement where the target is to reduce deposition of sulphur dioxide in Sweden.
The aim with this thesis is to compare two cost efficient reductions of sulphur dioxide; one where the target is to reduce the international emissions and the other one where the target is to reduce the deposition in Sweden. Deposition targets for single countries are not used as policy today since the outcome is not optimal in an international point of view, but it can give a hint about the way Sweden should continue the work with reducing emissions and deposition of sulphur dioxide.
The results from the optimizations show that France, Poland, Romania, Great Britain and Hungary are countries where the largest emission reductions are made during a deposition target. These countries are also among the countries that perform the largest emission reductions during an emission target. There are a number of countries where the emission reductions are of great importance during a deposition target but they do not perform any large reductions during an emission target. Theses countries are above all Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Finland and Latvia.
The results from this study must however be taken with some caution since some areas whose sulphur emissions have large impacts on the deposition in Sweden are not included in the study due to lack of data. These regions are primarily Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and the ship traffic on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea.