Inkludering eller Exkludering? Hantering av Spoilerproblematik vid Förhandlingsprocesser.
ConflictSpoilersPeace processNegotiationNorthern IrelandIsrael-Palestine.Political and administrative sciencesStatsvetenskapFörvaltningskunskapLaw and Political Science
A great source of risk during peace processes of today comes from spoilers, individuals and groups who deliberately try to undermine every attempt to achieve a negotiated peace agreement. The aim of the thesis is to examine problems related to the management of spoilers during peace negotiations and the effects thereof. A central aspect in this respect is the dilemma of whether to include or exclude controversial actors like spoilers at negotiations.The choice of limits of the subject is to examine the peace negotiations that resulted in ?The Agreement? in 1998, concerning the conflict in Northern Ireland, and in ?DOP? in 1993, concerning the conflict between Israel and Palestine. I find a significant difference between these two conflicts regarding the way of managing spoilers. In Northern Ireland an inclusive strategy was adopted with considerable success as a result, while in Israel/Palestine a more excluded strategy resulted in an ongoing use of violence in spite of the agreement. The conclusion is that the inclusive strategy is useful, given a condemnation of violence as a premise for entering negotiations. Secret negotiation also tends to be of importance. However, spoiling is also shown to be a situated phenomenon that requires management strategies to be changeable.