Bränsleceller i personbilar
En teknoekonomisk well-to-wheel analys av vätgas som fordonsbränsle
Several technical solutions are ready to step forward as the new generation of propellant, and this report aims to explore the possibility of commercializing fuel cell cars. The report is based on current research and data from today's technology and engineering solutions that are estimated to be commercially realized before 2020.A mapping of today?s different fuel cell options has shown that the most suitable fuel cell option is the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, which uses hydrogen as fuel. The report is focusing on a techno-economic well-to-wheel analysis of hydrogen and the energy balance and costs in a system perspective. The basis for this analysis consists of two centralized methods of production, steam methane reforming (SMR), and alkaline water electrolysis. The distribution infrastructure consists of an extensive pipeline system along with truck transport of compressed hydrogen to filling stations.Hydrogen has an energy balance of about 0,5 regardless of production method. This means that about twice as much energy is required then will be converted into useful energy. This compared with gasoline which has an energy balance of about 2 means the need is about 4 times as much energy to replace all gasoline cars with fuel cell cars with hydrogen as fuel.The cost analysis shows that steam methane reforming is significantly less expensive than electrolysis. The operating cost of a fuel cell car is, regardless of production method of hydrogen, higher than the operating cost of a gasoline car. Different future scenarios show that fuel cell cars will not be cost comparable with gasoline cars by 2020. The results in the base scenario show that fuel cell cars, with hydrogen produced by SMR, could be a cost-equivalent alternative in 2033.The results presented show that a fuel cell car commercialization is unlikely in the near future, because today's gasoline-powered alternative is considerably less expensive than fuel cell alternatives. Several alternative infrastructures, such as decentralized production could give different results, and it is therefore important that further analyzes are conducted in this area.