The use of transrectal ultrasonography of the Uterus is a fairly new method for early pregnancy diagnosis. In the present study 40 cows and 10 heifers were examined 16, 19, 22 and 25 days after artificial insemination to decide on what day an accurate pregnancy diagnosis could be made under field conditions. A 5 and 7,5 MHz transducer were used in all examinations in order to determine wheter one of them was better for the present purpose. The animals were also examined for clinical signs of oestrus. The results shows that an accurate pregnancy diagnosis "not pregnant" was easier to make on day 22 than on day 25 since most of the not pregnant cows then were in heat.

Ultrasound is a diagnostic aid often overlooked by the veterinary practicioner who works with farm-animals. However, it?s use increases, particulary for breeders where ultrasound has long been used to evaluate ovaries and to diagnose pregnancy or disturbances in reproduction. There is much knowledge in how to examine ovaries and Uterus by transrectal ultrasound, but when it comes to doing ultrasound of other organs in the abdomen the knowledge is more limited. Cows are very large animals, so it is not possible to examine everything inside the abdomen with ultrasound, simply because the ultrasound beam has a limited penetration. There is also lots of gas inside the gastro-intestinal tract of a cow, mainly in the large intestine and the rumen, and that makes it impossible to examine the organs behind the gas since the ultrasound waves are reflected when reaching the soft tissue-gas interface.

Kvarstående betäckningsinducerad endometrit är ett stort problem inom hästnäringen och så även andra typer av endometrit. Detta är den främsta orsaken till infertilitet hos ston. Vissa ston är nämligen oförmögna att klara av den inflammatoriska reaktion som normalt följer av betäckning (för att eliminera sperma och patogener) eller så drabbas de lättare av kroniskt infektiös endometrit, oavsett betäckning. Det finns otaliga förslag till förklaringar till varför de inte kan hålla Uterus fri från inflammation såsom defekta myometriekontraktioner, stoets reproduktionshistoria eller anatomiska aspekter (t.ex. pneumovagina, otillräckliga mekaniska barriärer eller en horisontell Uterus).

Hysterektomi är idag en av de vanligaste operationerna som utförs på kvinnor, näst efter sectio både i Sverige som utomlands. Detta gör att kvinnors psykiska hälsa post hysterektomi är något som sjukvården bör ha kunskap om. Att genomföra en hysterektomi innebär att avlägsna Uterus och de vanligaste anledningarna till att en hysterektomi genomförs är menorragi och kronisk smärta i pelvis.I huvudsak genomgår kvinnor en hysterektomi för att förbättra sin livskvalitet, det finns även andra anledningar till att genomföra en hysterektomi som cancer i Uterus. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka om kvinnors upplevda psykiska hälsa förändras post hysterektomi. Studien är genomförd som en litteraturstudie där 13 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades.Resultatet visade att den upplevda livskvaliteten och hälsan ökade postoperativt.

ABSTRACTBackground: Endometriosis is a chronic disease where the tissue, that the Uterus contains,also can be found outside the Uterus.The objective of the study was to investigate young women?s experience of endometriosisand how they experience the care.Method: Fourteen young adults were asked to participate and eight of them did participate.They were all in the range of age 14-20 and they all had had contact with a unit forendometriosis in Sweden. Semai-structured interview was chosen as the data collectionmethod. An interview guide was used during the interviews. For the analysis aphenomenological method with focus upon experiences was used.Results: The result showed that the young adults? experiences in the daily living containedpain, alienation, tiredness and side effects.

Hydropericardium or pericardial effusion (PE) is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac and is often secondary to pericardial diseases or diseases related to the heart. It is unusual with clinically relevant pericardial diseases in cats but pericardial effusion is the most common one. Since PE causes serious symptoms and may lead to death it is important with a quick diagnosis and treatment. PE can be acute and cause cardiac tamponade, which gives severe clinical signs. Cardiac tamponade needs to be treated immediately or else the cat will die from cardiogenic chock. More common is chronic PE where the fluid accumulates during a longer period of time and the pericardial sac stretches.

Pyometra is a common and life threatening disease of intact bitches. The disease is caused by a hormonal influence on the Uterus in combination with a bacterial infection. The most common treatment is ovariohysterectomy, but several medical options are available to maintain fertility or avoid surgery and anaesthesia. Drugs that can be used for medical treatment are for example progesterone-receptor antagonists, prostaglandins and dopamine agonist. The present study focused on treatment with the progesterone-receptor antagonistaglepristone in combination with antimicrobial therapy.

I denna studie har kärl-, körtel- och leukocytförekomst jämförts på olika djup i endometriet hos 27 tikar, 12 under tidig dräktighet (från dag 8-18) samt 15 under metöstrus. God kärlförsörjning är väsentlig under placentabildning hos tik för dels borttransport av degenererad maternell Uterusvävnad, dels embryots näringsförsörjning. Det finns dock få studier om kärlförekomst i Uterus under tidig dräktighet hos hund. Vid histologisk undersökning av endometriet sågs skillnad i totala antalet kärl i anslutning till ytepitel under tidig dräktighet dag 8-9 vid jämförelse med tidig och mitt-metöstrus, men för dräktighet dag 13-15 samt 18 kunde ingen skillnad påvisas. Generellt sågs lägre medelvärden för antal kärl i endometriet under tidig dräktighet jämfört med tidig metöstrus. Ingen skillnad avseende totala antalet kärl i ytlig respektive basal zon av endometriet kunde ses mellan de olika grupperna.

Abortion during late gestation is often caused by placental dysfunction such as placentitis. To prevent this from happening the placenta can be monitored pre partum so treatment can be started at an early stage. Methods for monitoring the placenta include hormonal monitoring, presence of clinical signs of placental dysfunction and ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetus and the placenta. Transrectal ultrasonography provides a very good image of the caudal portion of the allantochorion where an ascending placentitis normally establishes. An increased combined thickness of the Uterus and the placenta, CTUP, has been associated with placental failure. This study included ten Swedish standardbred trotter mares in late gestation. They were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography of the placenta two times with approximately a month in between. CTUP was measured on each examination.

Hemoglobin is an oxygen binding protein in erythrocytes. Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains. During the fetal stage the type of hemoglobin called fetal hemoglobin (HbF) dominates. After birth HbF is replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA). HbF persists in concentrations less than 1%.

Sälpopulationerna i Östersjön består av tre arter: gråsäl, vikare och knubbsäl. Sälarna befinner sig som rovdjur högst upp i näringskedjan och livnär sig till största delen på fisk. Detta gör att de i hög grad utsätts för de miljögifter som finns både i vattnet och i fisken. Under 1970-talet såg man en en kraftig nedgång av sälpopulationerna. Detta fanns vara delvis orsakat av reproduktionsstörningar som manifesterades som ocklusioner och stenoser av Uterus med missade dräktigheter som följd.

Hemoglobin is an oxygen binding protein in erythrocytes. Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains. During the fetal stage the type of hemoglobin called fetal hemoglobin (HbF) dominates. After birth HbF is replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA). HbF persists in concentrations less than 1%.

The research in the field of biotechnology is rapidly developing all over the world. Modern biotechnology offers unique opportunities, simultaneously as it gives rise to a number of ethical issues. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), PGD/HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) and germline gene therapy (GLGT) are controversial techniques. PGD gives a possibility to identify a genetic disease prior to the embryo?s implantation in the Uterus.

Babies born prematurely are deprived of normal sensorimotor stimulation when placed in an artificial environment, the incubator. The aim of this project was to design a series of products that could promote the baby?s emotional and neurological development, and to facilitate parental bonding. The products designed in this project has a theoretical basis on the research available today on cognitive and emotional development in children born prematurely. They were developed in close cooperation with a group of parents and nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit.Presence is a product collection for developmental care, consisting of a mattress, a figure and a necklace. The mattress has vibration sensors that transfer the mother?s heart beat and speakers with recorded heartbeat and her voice.

Cystisk endometriehyperplasi (CEH), är en mycket vanligt förekommande patologisk förändring hos framför allt äldre tikar, som innebär att körtelgångar i livmoder slemhinnan fokalt dilateras och fylls med sekret så att cystor bildas. Dessa cystor kan bli uppemot en centimeter i diameter, ibland större, och anses uppkomma under diöstrusfasen av löpningscykeln. Drabbade tikar är ofta symptomlösa men de kan uppvisa nedsatt allmäntillstånd, flytning och oförmåga att bli dräktiga. De har även en ökad risk att utveckla allvarligare Uteruspatologier såsom varbildande livmoderinflammation (pyometra). I dennastudie har vi försökt bidra till kartläggningen av vad som händer i endometriet under utvecklingen av cystiska förändringar. Det finns olika sätt att histologiskt klassificera Uterus patologier.