Picropodophyllin (PPP) is an analogue of the anti tumour lignan podophyllotoxin with the unique ability to selectively inhibit the receptor of Insulin like growth factor 1(IGF-1). IGF-1 is believed to play an important part in development of the endometrium facing implantation. With PPP treated mice, studies can be made to measure gene expression from tissue of both treated and untreated mice to compare the role of IGF-1 regarding ovulation, implantation and receptivity. The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression of some steroid hormone receptors and cytokines in ovaries from mice treated with PPP. In this study, seven mice were treated with PPP at different times and tissue was collected.

Oxytocin is a hormone which plays a crucial role in many reproductive and behavioural functions. It affects many organs and the classical peripheral targets are the mammary glands during lactation and Uterus during labour. Oxytocin receptors have recently been described in a variety of normal tissues and primary cell cultures, but also in neoplastic tissues and established neoplastic cell lines, as breast cancer cell lines. The signalling pathways and biological effects of the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor system seem to depend on species, type of tissue, physiological versus neoplastic state and receptor location within the cell membrane.The aim of this project was to find out if the cell proliferation in the canine mammary carcinoma cell line CMT-U27 was affected upon stimulation of oxytocin, and to investigate the presence of oxytocin receptors in these cells. The cell proliferation was examined by using an ELISA-kit, where the absorbance measured is relative to the amount of living cells.

Bakground: Puerperal fever caused by group A Streptococcus is in a global context seen as a common cause of death in childbirth.Aim: To examine the consequences of group A streptococcus infections in women postpartum and to see what a nurse can do to stop the infection with adequate nursing interventions.Method: This is a review built on 15 articles. These articles were read in full and audited with a suitable template.Result: Women postpartum has 20 times higher risk to get group A stretococcus infection as compared to non pregnant. The consequences of Group A Streptococcus infection can lead to high fever, abscesses around the Uterus, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hysterectomy and death. Patients who share room with infected patients carries an increased risk to be infected. Curtains between patient beds can be colonized by Group A Streptococcus.

The presence of cystic ovarian follicles represents an important ovarian dysfunction and is a major cause of reproductive failure in dairy cattle. A cystic ovarian follicle is a persistent follicular-like structure on one or both of the ovaries. It is at least 2,5cm in diameter and it has to persist for at least ten days while a corpus luteum is missing. There are two kinds of cystic ovarian follicles, those who have a progesterone production and those who have not. A clear definition for this condition is lacking, probably because the heterogeneity of the clinical signs and the complexity of the disorder.

Dystoki hos hund, dvs svår eller onormal förlossning där assistans krävs för att föda fram valparna, är ett vanligt problem som ofta kräver akut åtgärd i form av kejsarsnitt. Framför allt är det små och riktigt stora raserna som drabbas. Vid kejsarsnitt måste man vid anestesin ta hänsyn till de fysiologiska förändringar som tiken går igenom i samband med dräktighet samt till att det via placentan kan ske överföring av läkemedel till valparna. Det finns få jämförande studier av anestesimetoder hos hund vid kejsarsnitt. Vid operativa ingrepp är det allmänt vedertaget att ge smärtlindring pre- och postoperativt. Dock finns det begränsat med forskning om hur smärtstillande läkemedel påverkar valparna genom överföring via placenta och utsöndring i mjölken.

A church in rural Vester Egede from the earliest Christian period in Denmark e.g. the early 1100, a baptismal font is found showing a woman breastfeeding two animals. She is said to be a typical early roman Luxuria, in mild appearance. However, what makes her unique is that she appears standing on the top of her head, her womb serving as font. The main question is how come that a baptismal font like this is to be found in a church, leading to the sub question, if this font really has a Christian origin or could it be rooted in Norse, pre-Christian tradition, alternatively is the font an expression of a syncretism between the two colliding cultures.

Pyometra är namnet på en av våra vanligaste och allvarligaste hundsjukdomar. Sjukdomen drabbar främst äldre tikar och innebär en varig och inflammerad livmoder. Den exakta patogenesen diskuteras fortfarande, men alla är överens om att sjukdomens utveckling beror på ett samspel mellan en hormonellt påverkad livmoder och opportunistiska bakterier. Tikar som drabbas blir ofta mycket snabbt nedsatta och tillståndet kräver akut behandling. Den vanligaste och säkraste metoden innefattar en operation där livmodern och äggstockarna opereras bort. De senaste 30 åren har emellertid en hel del studier gjorts av möjligheten att behandla pyometra medicinskt för att kunna bevara den reproduktiva förmågan hos tiken.

Menopause is a complex, paradoxical totality and every menopausal experience is differentfrom the other. This essay aims to capture some of the experiences surrounding it.The main questions is what it is that the women of the study share about menopause, andhow they talk about it. The material consists of interviews with eight women from the ages 51to 81, all of whom are either in menopause or have come out of it, and narratives collectedpartly on my own website ?Övergången? (?Transition?) and on the Internet via blogs and adiscussion board on menopause.Using Goffmans theories on interaction and roles and theories about gender and age as asocial construction I discovered that it is ambiguous messages that are thrown at the middleaged woman in menopause. Menopause is not always a welcome part of the role as a woman.The menopause is also associated with aging and a woman is expected to experiencemenopause during a certain age and period in the life schedule, often the middle age.

Detta arbete är en del av den forskning som bedrivs inom Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) för att öka kunskapen om den svenska lodjursstammen. Det övergripande projektet, varav detta projekt är en del, syftar till att studera könsfunktionerna hos svenska lodjur. Ett mål inom det övergripande projektet är att öka kunskapen om lodjurets reproduktionsfysiologi. Alla lodjur som dödas eller som påträffas döda ska sändas till Statens veterinärmedicinska anstalt (SVA). Det ger möjligheter att studera reproduktionsorgan från ett stort antal individer. Preparaten som används i denna studie är från eurasiska lodjur som inkommit till SVA under åren 2009, 2010 och 2011.

Kejsarsnitt är den enda möjliga metoden för att förlösa levande kalvar när en vaginal förlossning är ogenomförbar. Trots detta har endast drygt hälften av de svenska nötpraktikerna någon gång utfört ett kejsarsnitt. Det kan ställas i relation till situationen i Nederländerna och Belgien där rasen belgisk blå är vanlig. Praxis vid uppfödning av belgisk blå är att undvika vaginala förlossningar till förmån för planerade kejsarsnitt. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att klargöra vid vilka typer av dystoki som kejsarsnitt är indikerat och vilka alternativ som finns samt att beskriva varför det utförs rutinmässigt på rasen belgisk blå. För att ge läsaren ett sammanhang beskrivs först kons normala anatomi och fysiologi ur ett kalvningsperspektiv. Vid kalvning stöts kalven ut ur livmodern genom cervix och vagina.

Sheep production is the only animal production in Sweden that is increasing. Therefore,increasing knowledge of the production is of great interest. In order to run a viable sheepproduction, producers needs to be successful in the breeding of the animals and achievean economic surplus in the end. Lambs that are born healthy and vital have greaterconditions to perform high lamb weight gains and thus a successful production. Thereare many factors affect the survival, birth weight and early weight gain of the new bornlamb.

Sheep production is the only animal production in Sweden that is increasing. Therefore,increasing knowledge of the production is of great interest. In order to run a viable sheepproduction, producers needs to be successful in the breeding of the animals and achievean economic surplus in the end. Lambs that are born healthy and vital have greaterconditions to perform high lamb weight gains and thus a successful production. Thereare many factors affect the survival, birth weight and early weight gain of the new bornlamb.

Working as a veterinary nurse includes advising animal owners, helping them to make discisions through well-based facts and experience. Preemptive spaying of the healthy bitch brings many advantages and disadvantages. It leads to cessation of gonadal hormone production, and how the exact extent the surgery affects the dog is not yet fully understood. The sex hormones mainly control the reproductive system, but receptors of these hormones are found in many tissues of the body, and have complex relationships with other hormone systems. Spaying decreases the metabolism although the bitch gets an increased appetite, which enhance the risk of obesity, unless the owner restricts food intake.

Peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening disease in horses. With no published work from Sweden, the objective of the study was to describe the occurrence and demographics of horses with peritonitis and to evaluate the outcome of treatment in terms of short-term survival during a ten-year period in a large clinic in Sweden. Data were examined in a retrospective manner in 69 horses diagnosed with and treated for peritonitis at Universitetsdjursjukhuset (UDS) in Uppsala between 2002-2012. Demographic data examined included age, breed, gender, history, duration of illness before arriving at UDS, reason for seeking veterinary care, initial clinical findings (general state of health, heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membrane appearance, rectal temperature, abdominal sounds, rectal examination, nasogastric tube results), abdominocentesis results (abdominal fluid analysis including visual inspection, leukocytes and protein, cytology, bacterial culture and sensitivity pattern), complete blood count (CBC), Serum amyloid-A (SAA) upon presentation and a follow up, plasma fibrinogen, plasma protein and albumin, treatments, length of hospitalisation and outcome. All medical records with the diagnosis of peritonitis were extracted from the medical records system Trofast. All records with any other diagnosis code referring to trauma such as rectal tear or ruptured Uterus, recent abdominal surgery, external trauma or rupture in the gastrointestinal tract were excluded. To be included in the study, the peritoneal fluid should contain more than 20.000 cells/?L, have a peritoneal protein value of >30 g/L; or have a significantly changed peritoneal fluid sample (orange with increased turbidity or worse) in cases where no data on cells or protein were available. The horses were divided into two groups; one where the peritonitis was deemed to have an idiopathic aetiology (primary peritonitis) and the other group where the peritonitis had a possible aetiology such as intestinal parasites, impaction etc.