Folkhälsovetenskapligt program.

The efficacy of Screening for breast cancer with mammography has been a subject of controversy during the last decades. However, the general opinion is now that Screening reduces mortality in breast cancer (Zackrisson, 2006). It is nevertheless important to weigh the efficacy against the harm and costs associated with Screening. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis of Screening have generally failed to incorporate side effects such as anxiety and discomfort related to Screening tests and the following diagnostic tests (Gyrd-Hansen, 2000). This study seeks to include such side effects in a cost-utility analysis.

SammanfattningBakgrund:I Sverige finns 30 000 ? 40 000 personer med psykosdiagnos. Dessa är en utsatt grupp avseende metabola riskfaktorer, dels utifrån konsekvenser av sjukdomen, men också med anledning av den antipsykotiska medicineringen. Därför rekommenderas Screening för metabola riskfaktorer i förebyggande syfte och för tidig upptäckt.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka personals erfarenheter av hinder och framgångsfaktorer i Screeningarbetet. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 7 personal som arbetade med metabol Screening på en psykiatrisk öppenvårdsmottagning.

This thesis investigated if a combination of increased under colour removal (decreasing the total ink limit), normal andincreased density and modern FM-Screening could be used to provide a visually better print on uncoated and coated paperin comparison with AM-Screening using the same conditions.Two different test groups (one with graphic background, the other with no graphic background) were asked to a visuallyassess the quality of the prints presented in a pair comparison using a reference image.The results show that the FM-Screening did not obtain any significant visual difference in comparison with AM-Screening,regardless of paper types and density levels. In general however, prints on coated paper were graded higher..

Sedan en tid tillbaka har en kommun i Stockholmsområdet infört motorisk Screening för samtliga barn i förskoleklass. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka tio pedagogers uppfattningar och upplevelser av denna Screening. Utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer som sedan analyserades. Resultatet visar att pedagoger upplever motorisk Screening som meningsfull samt att de ser ett starkt samband mellan barns motoriska färdigheter och deras skolprestationer. Det framkommer även tydligt att pedagogerna i föreliggande studie delar kommunens strävan att det är betydelsefullt att tidigt upptäcka barn med motoriska svårigheter och erbjuda dem rätt stöd och åtgärder.

Att bli kallad till en Screening kan uppfattas som ett hot eller en trygghet för kvinnorna. Hur kvinnan uppfattar sin situation kan bero på den kunskap hon har angående Screening. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors uppfattning av Screening såsom gynekologisk hälsokontroll och mammografi. Studien har genomförts som en litteraturstudie med hjälp av Granheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det är inte alltid så att Screeningen mynnar i ett entydigt negativt svar eller ett svar som tyder på cancer.

Bröstcancer är den vanligaste dödsorsaken hos medelålders kvinnor i Sverige. Det går att upptäcka sjukdomen genom hälsoundersökningar med mammografi (Screening) och påbörja behandling i tidigt skede för att förbättra prognosen och bibehålla livskvalitet. Cirka 600 000 kvinnor undersöks årligen med mammografi Screening inom det nationella programmet. Dock är det mellan 13 % och 31 % kvinnor, som inte deltar i mammografiScreening. Effekten på dödligheten beror på deltagarfrekvensen, så därför är det viktigt att sträva efter att uppnå hög deltagande grad inom Screening.

Att bli kallad till en Screening kan uppfattas som ett hot eller en trygghet för kvinnorna. Hur kvinnan uppfattar sin situation kan bero på den kunskap hon har angående Screening. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors uppfattning av Screening såsom gynekologisk hälsokontroll och mammografi. Studien har genomförts som en litteraturstudie med hjälp av Granheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Det är inte alltid så att Screeningen mynnar i ett entydigt negativt svar eller ett svar som tyder på cancer.

ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Nutrition is a part of the medical treatment, and also a part of the nursingcare. In spite of this, malnutrition is a common problem in the health care sector. Studies show thatnurses have too little knowledge about nutrition and malnutrition and that nutrition has low priorityin the daily work. The aim with this study was to find out the nurses self-reported knowledge aboutand their attitudes towards malnutrition, nutrition Screening, prevention and treatment of patientswith malnutrition.Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 65 nurses in two different care units and 36questionnaires were answered.Results: The respondents from the two care units self-reported their knowledge about nutrition andmalnutrition low. Most of the respondents stated to have a big need of education about nutritionScreening and more than half of the respondents stated that they have a need of education forprevention and treatment of malnutrition.

ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Nutrition is a part of the medical treatment, and also a part of the nursingcare. In spite of this, malnutrition is a common problem in the health care sector. Studies show thatnurses have too little knowledge about nutrition and malnutrition and that nutrition has low priorityin the daily work. The aim with this study was to find out the nurses self-reported knowledge aboutand their attitudes towards malnutrition, nutrition Screening, prevention and treatment of patientswith malnutrition.Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 65 nurses in two different care units and 36questionnaires were answered.Results: The respondents from the two care units self-reported their knowledge about nutrition andmalnutrition low. Most of the respondents stated to have a big need of education about nutritionScreening and more than half of the respondents stated that they have a need of education forprevention and treatment of malnutrition.

The report describes an ecodesign thesis performed by the author at the ÅF EcoDesign Center. The basic idea of ecodesign is to develop products with a minimized environmental load, without neglecting other significant product aspects such as function and price. During the last couple of years the public interest in environmental friendly products has increased, which has made it possible for companies to make a profit from their investments in ecodesign. To meet the increasing market for ecodesign services ÅF started the ÅF EcoDesign Center, where the company has gathered all of their competence in ecodesign in order to help companies to become greener. The task was to develop a tool for an Eco Screening.

ESTER-Screening är ett frågeformulär som syftar till att finna individer med, eller i risk för utveckling av ett normbrytande beteende. Uppsatsen syftar till att finna reda på ESTER-Screenings konvergenta validitet gentemot andra Screeningverktyg avsedda att mäta samma sak. Detta har gjorts i en undersökning med hjälp av självrapportering i enkäter. 227 försökspersoner, 15-18 år, användes i undersökningen. Resultatet visar att ESTER-Screening kan användas som självrapport och att det finns en konvergent validitet jämfört med tidigare forskning och Screeninginstrument.

Background: The women who were called in for further examinations after a breast Screening had all their examinations and test during one day. This organization has been conducted since 1993 in this clinic, but has not previously been evaluated. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the patients? experiences of the organization, in a radiologic breastcancer clinic, where all the examinations and the test-results were given at the same day. Method: An empirical quantitative study was performed.

ABSTRACTBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) occurs in 10% of women who have recently given birth. Postpartum depression is treatable but unidentified and untreated it could lead to serious consequences. There are multiple instruments for Screening available. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is the most frequently used and is regarded as the best instrument. AimThe aim of this study was to analyze to what extent and how midwifes and primary care nurses identify mothers with symptoms of depression respectively PPD.

Human Papilloma virus (HPV) can lead to cervical cancer, a common form of cancer in Sweden and globally. A vaccine has been developed for the most carcinogenic strains of HPV. In Sweden it is planned that the vaccine be included in the public national vaccination program for children. The aim of this study was to illustrate attitudes towards future sexual habits and preventive cervical cancer Screening among young women and parents of girls vaccinated against HPV. This study is a part of a larger project where interviews with young women aged 17 to 26 years and parents of girls aged 13 to 17 years compose the foundation.