Abstract: Private equity used to be synonymous with tremendous yields and rates of return. However, the Private equity market trembled in 2008, due to the financial meltdown caused by the worldwide credit crisis. Considering the current low number of exits within the Private equity industry, the purpose of this thesis is to examine if there has been any change in how Private equity firms control their portfolio companies since the inception of the crisis. One Private equity company and two portfolio companies have been studied. The case study is prepared from interviews with senior directors in the portfolio company and investment managers in the Private equity firm.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how social procurement can be a further development of public-Private partnership. This is done with interviews and a case study of the social procurement Mitt Gröna Kvarter and its labor effort Boendebyggarna. The theoretical framework used in the thesis consists of public-Private partnership and corporate social responsibility. It tries to answer the following questions:What does this social procurement mean by the concept of public-Private partnership?What does this social procurement mean for the participants involved?How can social procurement be seen as a further development of public-Private partnership?The thesis uses the theory development around the concepts of public-Private partnership and corporate social responsibility and shows that social procurement does indeed have similarities to public-Private partnership and could very well be a further development of it..

Uppsatsen behandlar de investeringskriterier och värderingsmetoder som svenska Private Equity-företag använder inför företagsförvärv. Vi har gjort en kvalitativ analys av fem svenska Private Equity-aktörer. Våra slutsater är att de Private Equity-bolag vi studerat har ett fåtal övergripande investeringskriterier men att de är relativt flexibla gällande resterande. Företagen använder sig främst av multipelvärdering i värderingsprocessen. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att Private Equity-företagen fokuserar mindre på vad företaget är värt och lägger allt fokus på hur mycket företaget kan avyttras för..

Private label introductions have been increasing in recent years. The main reason for this is that Private labels increase the retailer's profits in the category. The purpose of this study is to examine how a Private label introduction affects the category's performance. This study was conducted by studying the category's performance before and after the introduction, two categories are examined. Data have been collected at a Swedish retailer and consists of 38 stores, all located in Sweden and within the same store profile..

Private labels have been increasing a lot during the last 30 years. The reason is great margins and it also works as an aid to build a store's brand. The problem is that Private labels take market shares from national brands. Retailers need to have a good mix between these products and adopting category management without being influenced by opportunism, which can lower the profitability of a category. The purpose of this study is to examine and describe how Private labels are prioritized in the category edible fat.

In this paper we investigate 67 Swedish buyouts in the manufacturing and retailing sector between the years 2004-2012. The purpose is to measure changes in a set of financial key ratios to see if Private equity firms are able to improve performance in their portfolio companies compared to a peer group consisting of other firms within the same industries. Furthermore, we examine if there is a difference in the change of the financial key ratios between Private equity-owned firms in the two sectors. The key results are that the Private equity owned firms have not outperformed their peers with respect to the chosen key ratios. We also conclude that there is no significant difference in the change of the financial key ratios between Private equity-owned firms in the two sectors..

This study aims to build a deeper understanding on how shareholder value is created in Private Equity investments, especially during the holding period. The study is a qualitative study of the buyout of the access security company Bewator AB made by the Swedish Private Equity firm EQT in 2002. The buyout became highly successful due to various reasons. The study draws the conclusion, contrary to popular belief, that Private Equity firms create value through taking a long term view on business developing rather than being short term value destroyers. Incentive alignment is another important factor..

This thesis examines the possible beneficial effects of a temporary cooperation between a national brand and a Private brand. The main hypothesis suggests that if a national brand wants to make a category extension to a remote product category, it should be able to decrease its risk by affiliating itself with a Private brand. The national brand should through such a brand alliance be able to borrow some of the flexible characteristics that a Private brand possesses to increase its associations with the new category. The survey consisted of 800 questionnaires with different cooperations between a Private brand (ICA) and two national brands (Tropicana and Bravo). These were handed out to students in the universities of Stockholm.

I den ha?r uppsatsen analyseras avkastningen pa? bo?rsintroduktioner genomfo?rda av Private Equity-firmor pa? den svenska marknaden under perioden 1993-2011. Studien underso?ker huruvida bo?rsintroduktioner genomfo?rda av Private Equity genererar en abnormal avkastning relativt bo?rsintroduktioner som genomfo?rts av icke Private Equity, sammanlagt 97 bo?rsintroduktioner. Ba?da urvalsgrupperna relateras gentemot ja?mfo?relseindex i form av kontrollfirmor pa? kort och la?ng sikt.

Sweden is a world leader in listed Private equity and ranked fifth in the world in market capitalization. The sector is attracting increasing interest from the investment community. However, the Private equity industry in Sweden has historically poor reputation and is criticized for creating value through high leverage, multiple riding and severe cuts. This study analyzes value creation drivers in buyouts from the perspective of the Private equity firm using a dataset of 15 realized buyouts by Private equity firms listed on NASDAQ OMX Nordic Stockholm. The methodology used separates the value contribution of leverage on the Private equity firm's return from internal operational improvements and external variations in transaction multiples.

Social media on the internet allows both public and Private actors to communicate with each other. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the relationship between the public and the Private in social media on the internet, specifically with emphasis on the identities which are shaped in this relationship. The social media explored in this study is the micro blog Twitter. Data was collected from the pages of three public and Private actors on Twitter, specifically with concern to their interaction with public and/or Private actors. The data was analysed with support in sociological theories on modernity, identity, self-identity, socialisation and Erving Goffman's theories on everyday expression.

The market communication in organisations is vital to manage the competition. Studies have shown the importance of market communication in both Private and public organisations.Since the past decade market communication has been acknowledged as an instrument to provide the organisations target group with valid information.This thesis is a study about the differences in market communication between Private and public organisations. To manage this we asked ourselves the question:?- What distinguish the market communication in a Private respective a public organisation??We have done qualitative interviews to get the best result for our study. We have interviewed both types of organisations and our respondents have leading strategic position in their organisations.Our research highlights important differences between Private and public organisations in matter of tactics in market communication.In conclusion the result shows a great difference in how an organization is managing their communicative strategies all depending on if it is a Private owned company or a public organisation..

The purpose with this study has been, based on different public and Private procurement conditions, to measure if there are any significant differences in the business relations between public- and Private institutional kitchens. Furthermore, to observe what important influencing factors there are to maintain and develop a relationship between a producer and customer. The result of the analysis shows that there are important factors that influences on the trust in the relationship between a producer and customer. These factors are product- and service exchange, communication, strategic purchase and social exchange. In this examination we have showed that there are differences in the relationship between public- and Private customers.

Recently, retailers within the Swedish grocery retail sector have launched lines of products under its own brand, quite often produced by manufactures within the same category of products. The common term of this phenomenon is called Private labels. Therefore, Private labels could be seen as competitors against branded goods, despite the fact that it is, in several cases, the same manufacturer who produces each of the products.The main purpose of this study is to provide understanding of how the manufacturers choose to position themselves, formulate their strategies and compete on the market among Private labels, also to examine the motive behind the manufacturer's choice to produce Private labels. The study intends to provide a broader view of how the interaction between manufacturers, retailers, Private labels and branded goods appears on the Swedish market. We decided to use a qualitative research method and personal interviews to approach the study.

Purpose: To contribute to the understanding of the relationship between Private labels and the retailer brand in grocery retailing. Methodology: We use structured interviews as a cross-sectional method for quantitative data collection. The existence of the relationship is tested through correlation analysis and regression analysis. Theoretical perspective: Perceived quality of Private labels and of retailers are the main theoretical concepts for this thesis. Additionally, we introduce the concept of loyalty to show the benefits of a positive consumer image.