Tylö AB is the leading manufactor of sauna cabins in Europe, but there is a lack of a sauna Lightning produced by Tylö. The project of developing a new sauna Lightning series was assigned two students at the developmentengineering program at Halmstad University. The main problem with Lightning in the sauna is the heat and security aspect. The selection fell on LED technology as the Lightning source, thanks to its small measures and low heat emission. The work of constructing of a Lightning armature which the capability of cooling down the LED Lightning was carried out during autumn ?06 and spring ?07.

Tylö AB is the leading manufactor of sauna cabins in Europe, but there is a lackof a sauna Lightning produced by Tylö. The project of developing a new saunaLightning series was assigned two students at the developmentengineeringprogram at Halmstad University. The main problem with Lightning in the saunais the heat and security aspect. The selection fell on LED technology as theLightning source, thanks to its small measures and low heat emission.The work of constructing of a Lightning armature which the capability of coolingdown the LED Lightning was carried out during autumn ?06 and spring ?07.

In the city of Kungälv, there are many important green areas without park Lightning. This makes it unsafe to walk through the city's most attractive surroundings during many parts of the year. Partly in general and partly specifically for Kungälv, this paper shows that there are strong long-term arguments for making parks available by the use of Lightning. This is not about lightening up the whole city, but finding the important green communication paths and parks. This paper also reflects upon how to lighten up these green communication paths and parks for best result. That is a question about creating good sight conditions ? safe and attractive parks which attracts people to use them. Offering a city's inhabitants good and attractive alternatives to using the car is an important task for city planers.

A power system will inevitably be subjected to transient overvoltages, most often produced by switching operations and Lightning strikes. These transient overvoltages may harm sensitive equipment without sufficient protection, but it is not an easy task to predict what transients may occur or how they affect the system. A fault occurred in a low voltage system at Forsmark 2012 and overvoltages from Lightning were concluded as the probable cause. The three aims with this thesis are to develop and test a model of the power system at Forsmark 3, analyse the transient behaviour of the system when subjected to Lightning surges and identify critical parameters, and lastly to provide a tool for investigating the protection of the system. The modelling and simulations were performed in the freely available simulation program LT Spice.

My thesis was based on studying what really happens when Swedes move their beloved kitchen outdoors.?What kind of problems andpossibilities appears in this enviroment? First, I unbiassed examined the traditional kitchen in general to get a better view of how an outdoorkitchen could function in a country that have diffrent seasons. I intervjued an interior designer specialized in kitchenplanning to get abetter view. One thing that came up was that the experince of beeing outdoor sometimes puts functionality aside. I located different needs inthe outdoor kitchen enviroment and decided to work futher with one of them, outdoor Lightning.The result became a 3d digital model of an outdoor lamp that creates both functionallight and moodlight.

Energy efficiency is important both to reduce costs and to reduce greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. In Sweden 40 percent of the energy consumption is related to the buildings sector. Hospitals are complex buildings with different activities in the same building, which requires flexible technical systems for ventilation, heating and Lightning. A quarter of the total energy consumption in Swedish hospitals is related to user activities in the hospitals. Therefore it is not only important to work with operational optimization but also to change user activities, to reduce energy consumption.The objective of this thesis was to examine the user-related energy efficiency work at two care units, at the central hospital in Sundsvall within Västernorrlands County.

To be able to measure high-surge voltages and transients with short rise times youneed measuring instruments with a high sampling frequency and large Bandwidth.These surges and transients occur primarily at Lightning but can also occur at forexample at connecting errors at an electrical switch-gear. This report describes thework with finding two solutions for measuring and log data from these surges andtransients. One temporary solution where a measurement program has beendeveloped. A second solution where different company solutions have been analyzedto decide which fits best. For these measurement solutions two solutions for bringingdown the voltage has been used.

To be able to measure high-surge voltages and transients with short rise times youneed measuring instruments with a high sampling frequency and large Bandwidth.These surges and transients occur primarily at Lightning but can also occur at forexample at connecting errors at an electrical switch-gear. This report describes thework with finding two solutions for measuring and log data from these surges andtransients. One temporary solution where a measurement program has beendeveloped. A second solution where different company solutions have been analyzedto decide which fits best. For these measurement solutions two solutions for bringingdown the voltage has been used.

This project is about color and light and how it affects the atmosphere in the city. I choseto look closer into the central parts of the city, a place where I often feel a lack of lightand color, especially during the winter season. In the beginning of the project I made ananalysis of how intense colors are used in the city and how we can use color as a tool tocreate effectful spaces. Further into the project I chose to look closer into the effects thatare made by the facades, how the light from the windows affects the room outside when the dark falls. At the end of the project I caught a feeling inspired by the city and applied it into an installation of light..

To be able to measure high-surge voltages and transients with short rise times youneed measuring instruments with a high sampling frequency and large Bandwidth.These surges and transients occur primarily at Lightning but can also occur at forexample at connecting errors at an electrical switch-gear. This report describes thework with finding two solutions for measuring and log data from these surges andtransients. One temporary solution where a measurement program has beendeveloped. A second solution where different company solutions have been analyzedto decide which fits best. For these measurement solutions two solutions for bringingdown the voltage has been used.

Increased energy consumption in the world has created an increased supply of various fuels, especially fossil fuels. The Swedish government has set up various energy targets for 2020. To reach these goals it?s important to increase the energy efficiency in local buildings such as schools. This work illustrates the breakdown between energy supply and energy losses over the school.

A substation must be properly protected against Lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection.The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom.During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents.

A substation must be properly protected against Lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection.The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom.During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents.

Fire has historically been of great ecological importance in the boreal forests of Sweden. The forest fire regime has, however, varied between different parts of the country. The objective of this thesis is therefore to investigate the fire history in Fulufjället National Park and, on this basis, give suggestions for future fire management. The reconstruction of fire history was done by cross-dating fire scars in samples taken from living and dead Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Local fire chronologies were established at 17 points in the forests in and around Fulufjället National Park by cross-dating fire scars on 54 samples. The oldest year-ring dated from year 968.

This research looks into the modern revival of opera based on the study of two recent productions of Giuseppe Verdi?s Don Carlo; the first is the 2010 production at the Gothenburg Opera in Gothenburg, Sweden and the second is the 2013 production at Großes Festspielhaus in Salzburg, Austria. The goal is to discover what aspects a contemporary audience can relate to and identify with and why opera is still relevant today. This has been done partly through a semiotic analysis of the visual image (e.g. set, costume and Lightning) and partly through a hermeneutical analysis of the themes in Don Carlo.