This bachelor thesis aim to explore in what way the Euro crisis have affected the reciprocal relationship between European identity and the attitudes towards the Euro, and how it differs between the members in the Eurozone and members that have not yet introduced the Euro. This thesis is grounded in a theoretical view that the Euro is a symbol through which European identity is created, but also that European identity is a factor for the attitudes towards the Euro as a single currency. By statistical analysis of empirical data collected through the Eurobarometer, I discover that there is a difference between how the relationship between the European identity and the attitudes towards the Euro changes during the Euro crisis. Members without the Euro seems to be more affected than members with the Euro, as the correlation between European identity and attitudes towards the Euro weakens for members without the Euro, which do not seem to be the case in member countries within the Eurozone..

The study seeks knowledge about the Swedish Euro-scepticism and about the work of the Swedish Euro-sceptical Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). How do they work in an environment where the norm is to have a positive attitude towards a future federal state of Europe? How do they regard their own situation and possibilities to make a change?The study includes a debate on today's Swedish Euro-scepticism as background. My finding about the MEPs? work is that their way of acting in the European Parliament does not distinguish from other MEPs? in large.

In 2002, the Euro as a common currency did replace the national currencies in the EU member-states that did choose to take part in the EMU. It was then viewed as one of the greatest accomplishments ever to be made by the EU. However, during the latest years, the economic situation has deteriorated in several EMU member-states. This affected the whole Euro-area and the current situation is referred upon as the Euro-crisis. In 2011, at the time of the Euro-crisis, the Heads of State or Government of the Euro-area did reaffirm their full commitment to strengthen EMU.

Den gemensamma valutan Euron är tänkt att möjliggöra friheten för kapital för att på så sätt kunna förverkliga den inre marknaden. Sverige står dock utanför den ekonomiska och monetära unionen som förverkligades den 1 januari 1999. Trots det kommer de svenska företagen ändå att påverkas av införandet av Euron. Syftet med min uppsats är att beskriva och förklara vilka fördelar och nackdelar det kan finnas för börsnoterade svenska företag med att ge ut en årsredovisning i Euro. För att kunna besvara mitt syfte har jag ställt ett antal frågor till personer insatta i mitt problemområde.

AbstractTitle: A union, a collaboration and a currency crisis- a quantitative study of the media coverage of the Euro crisis within the European Union in Spanish and Swedish newspapers.The purpose of this study was to see whether Sweden and Spain ?s differences in media climates and relations to the Euro crisis would affect how the story was portrayed from a narrative perspective. Did the coverage differ between the two countries and who got to comment on the situation in the media were two of the questions I strived to answer. I also wanted to see how the coverage reflected on the situation that the Euro crisis has created.In this study I used a number of theories that I based my research on. The main theories I focused on was about different media systems and Sweden and Spain ?s relation to the Euro crisis.

In 1993 the internal market within the European Union was formed and ensured free movement of goods, services, capital and people. This led to the removal of trade barriers between members of the European Union. When opening up for competition, price differences between countries decreased and more jobs were created. A single currency was introduced by eleven countries in 1999 with the goal of reducing transaction costs, eliminating exchange rate risk and to further simplify trade. In 2001 Greece joined the collaboration and introduced the Euro.

In 1993 the internal market within the European Union was formed and ensured free movement of goods, services, capital and people. This led to the removal of trade barriers between members of the European Union. When opening up for competition, price differences between countries decreased and more jobs were created. A single currency was introduced by eleven countries in 1999 with the goal of reducing transaction costs, eliminating exchange rate risk and to further simplify trade. In 2001 Greece joined the collaboration and introduced the Euro.

AbstractThe thesis investigates how the European Union promotes stability and security in the Mediterranean region. The aim is to analyse the European Union?s security ambitions with Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the Barcelona Process. An analytical framework with five sectors (military, political, economic, environmental and societal), based on the Copenhagen School?s theories about security sectors and securitization, is used for the analysis.

In 1993 the internal market within the European Union was formed and ensured free movement of goods, services, capital and people. This led to the removal of trade barriers between members of the European Union. When opening up for competition, price differences between countries decreased and more jobs were created. A single currency was introduced by eleven countries in 1999 with the goal of reducing transaction costs, eliminating exchange rate risk and to further simplify trade. In 2001 Greece joined the collaboration and introduced the Euro.

The starting point of this study is theories of European integration, which are used to formulate different scenarios about the future of the European Union. This is made in regards to the Eurocrisis which has intensified the discussion about how to change the construction of the Euro to overcome the economic difficulties that has arisen. In this study, four different scenarios are presented: "An updated Europe", "A new Europe", "The death of the Euro" and "Goodbye Greece". The first two scenarios takes its starting point in the neofunctionalist theory of European integration and describes how the EU might increase its level of integration in different ways. We can either see a development where the EU tries to improve the implementation of the rules that are meant to coordinate the member states? economic policy, or we might encounter a more advanced integration where fiscal policy competences are transferred to the EU-level.The latter scenarios, however, takes another theory in to account, liberal intergovernmentalism, and describes how the Eurozone might be fragmented in different ways due to conflicts of interest between lenders and countries that has to receive loan-packages.

 This paper is made on behalf of Statistics and Research Åland, ÅSUB. The aim is to explain the turnover for companies in Åland, with appropriate variables. The main study variables are variables that consist of the Swedish and Finnish activity indices. The study variables also include variables which consist of tourists from Sweden and Finland and the introduction of the Euro in Finland. The data used is from the period January 1996 to June 2008.Different regression models for the turnover are tried and explanatory variables are selected by use of stepwise regression, backward elemination and forward selection. The final model includes activity indices for Sweden and Finland, the introduction of the Euro, tourists from Finland and an autoregressive component of order one .

This paper discusses whether the main argument for European countries to stay out of the Euro, i.e. the loss in stability from not having a national monetary policy that can be used for stabilization purposes, is still valid ten years after the introduction of the single currency. We analyse the stabilization performances of four largely comparable Nordic countries that have all chosen different levels of European economic integration. In retrospect, the so-called ?stabilization policy argument? seems surprisingly weak.

In September 2003 the Swedish minister of foreign affairs Anna Lindh was murdered. The murder shocked Sweden and the picture of a safe homeland was challenged. The Swedish people joined together in different manifestations and rituals to show their appreciation for the minister and to mourn together. A few days later the nation was going to vote on whether Sweden should join the Euro and the minister was involved in the campaign. The aim for this thesis is to understand how this national crisis was handled in Sweden.

A one-cylinder research engine has been used for studies with a Diesel Dual Fuel concept (DDF). DDF is a concept that utilizes a pilot diesel injection to ignite a homogenous natural gas/air mixture. Emissions and engine efficiency have been analyzed in an emission cycle called European Stationary Cycle (ESC) and the knock/pre-ignition problems with this type of engine have been investigated.At low and mid torque levels, an early diesel injection around 60 crank angles degrees (CAD) before top dead center (TDC) was used. At these loads raw NOxemissions was below Euro 6 level (0.2 g/kWh). NOxwas at Euro 5 level over the complete ESC without after treatment and with SCR at high loads it should be possible to reach Euro 6.One issue with DDF is the high HC emission levels.

The aim of the present study was to estimate the correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian rating scores and injury outcome in real-life car to pedestrian crashes, with special focus on long-term disability. The study also surveyed most frequently injured body regions and risk differences for specific elements of pedestrians hit by cars. Another aim was to determine whether Brake Assist systems affect the injury outcome in real-life car to pedestrian crashes and to estimate the effect in injury reduction of a high Euro NCAP ranking score combined with Brake Assist.In the current study, the Euro NCAP pedestrian scoring was compared with the real-life outcome in pedestrian crashes that occurred in Sweden 2003-2010. The real-life crash data was obtained from the data acquisition system STRADA, which combines police records and hospital admission data. The medical data consisted of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) diagnoses and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scoring.