Ethanol fuel is a biofuel, which been widely reported in the public debate and on the fuel market the last years. Ethanol is sold as both E85 and as a five percent admixture of all petrol sold in Sweden. Research studies on Ethanol fuel often focus on environmental issues surrounding the production and utilization of Ethanol as a fuel, and omits the private and business aspects of the subject. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the economics of Ethanol as a fuel. How the Swedish market for Ethanol is and how it evolved over time and what the future prospects are.

In this thesis an energy analysis of Ethanol production at the Ethanol plant of Lantmännen Agroetanol in Norrköping has been performed. The Ethanol plant has been studied in combination with Händelöverket, the combined heat and power plant which provides the Ethanol process with steam. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy consumption for the whole production chain from grain to Ethanol. The analysis has included the energy consumption for cultivation of grain, production of chemicals, the production chain for wood chips, the steam production and the Ethanol plant. The grain and wood chips are both considered raw materials there for the energy content in these are not included as energy input in the system.

In this thesis an energy analysis of Ethanol production at the Ethanol plant of Lantmännen Agroetanol in Norrköping has been performed. The Ethanol plant has been studied in combination with Händelöverket, the combined heat and power plant which provides the Ethanol process with steam. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy consumption for the whole production chain from grain to Ethanol. The analysis has included the energy consumption for cultivation of grain, production of chemicals, the production chain for wood chips, the steam production and the Ethanol plant. The grain and wood chips are both considered raw materials there for the energy content in these are not included as energy input in the system.

The present study discusses the metabolism of Ethanol in the human body from the ingestion of Ethanol to the excretion of its break down products water and carbon dioxide. Ethanol is a small molecule, soluble in water as well as in organic solutions. It is quickly distributed to every section in the body, where it exerts a direct toxic effect on the cells. Ethanol cannot directly leave the body efficiently so it needs other metabolic pathways. The molecule is metabolized by oxidation, predominately in the liver.

A system for sampling of alcohol and aldehyde from diluted exhaust gases from vehicles powered by Ethanol has been developed and tested. The major part of the work has been research of earlier work in the field and the construction of the sampling system.The part of the system constructed for the measurement of alcohol has been shown to work, however, more test should be performed. The part of the system constructed for the measurement of aldehyde was tested parallel to a commercially available system, based on the same principle of measurement, and has been shown to work well.Determination of the concentration of gaseous Ethanol using a FID has shown the since earlier known fact that a FID is not able to measure a correct concentration of Ethanol. Furthermore it has been shown that high concentrations of gaseous Ethanol can not be kept in a bag more than a few minutes without a substantial decrease of the measured concentration..

AbstractThis degree thesis was made in cooperation with Chematur Engineering in Karlskoga.Many of the environmental issues of today are a result of the motor traffic. Consumption of fossil fuels harms our environmental through formation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. To get under control with our environmental issues it?s important to find substitutes for oil that are both cheap and environmentally friendly. Ethanol has a long history as a motor fuel and is both enviromentally friendly has a high efficiency.According to the EU commissions directives for motor fuels, 5, 75 % of all the fuels in Sweden should be renewable in 2010.

This study analyses the economic consequences due to Ethanol production in Eastern Sweden. The analyses consider the cooperative and the farmers as one vertically integrated company. The area that found the market in this study is illustrated in figure 1. The analyses assume that all members act jointly with the objective of maximizing joint profits at the farm level as well as at the cooperative firm. A mathematical model is created to calculate the optimal use of arable land.

Fuel produced from renewable resources is of big interest. In this project the difference between a few different renewable materials are compared on the matter of environmental load when Ethanol is produced. The renewable materials that are compared are Salix, straw and reed canary-grass (rörflen). The cellulose in the material is cut down to small pieces and then hydrolysed so that the sugar from the cellulose can be fermented into Ethanol. Tha amount of Ethanols that is studied in this work is the smount of Ethanol needed to cultivate 1000 ha. The functional unit in the report is 1000 ha.

Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to become a promisingalternative to gasoline. In this work the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)technology was applied for Ethanol production from hardwood with focus on cell growth,Ethanol production and contamination.The SSF was performed at PH 5.5 and 35°C for different suspended solid concentrations(8%, 10% and 12%) of pretreated birch slurry which contained 16 % total suspended solids.Two different hexose fermenting yeast strain (Ethanol Red) and pentose fermenting yeaststrain were used.Quantifying the concentration of chemical components and metabolites in the fermentationmedium demonstrated that glucose and xylose are the major fermentable sugars in the slurry.The higher load of slurry (12%) represents a higher content of carbohydrates and potentiallyhigher end concentration of Ethanol. Moreover, more lactic acid is produced with the lowerload of slurry (8 % or 10 %), presumably due to a result of a less inhibitory environment forbacterial growth. In this context, acetic acid sticks out as the most important inhibitor withconcentrations of 15.2 and 12.5 and 9.7 g/l respectively in the 12 %, 10 % and 8 % (ofsuspended solids) trials. Using pentose fermenting yeast may lead to higher Ethanolproduction, lower xylose uptake and lower lactic acid formation.

BioEthanol is one alternative energy fuel that can be produced from different types of biomass. Second generation bioEthanol comes from fermentation of lignocellulosic material and can be seen as a more environmental friendly alternative as e.g. forest residues and agricultural by-products are used. To be able to use lignocellulosic biomass in Ethanol production, it has to be subjected to different treatments first. In this study, aspen sawdust was used as lignocellulosic material.

AbstractThe purpose of project is to study the possibility for Borås Energy & Environment to build and run a commercial Ethanol production facility in Borås. The project also studies the technology for the production of Ethanol using renewable energy, e.g. lignocelluloses with focus on two processes, svag-syra hydrolyse and enzymatic hydrolyse. The technology of the process is based of hydrolysation of biomass (hemicelluloses and cellulose) to sugar and extract it to Ethanol. These two techniques will compare with each other to determine which of them that it?s more suitable for Ethanol production.

Ethanol for automotive purposes is an issue much debated and researchers disagree about the benefits of bioEthanol. Converting energy-rich crops into Ethanol suitable as motor fuel is a complex process and continuous development and improvements of processes and material used are important steps in the work of developing environmental friendly fuels. Grain is usually preserved by drying which consumes a lot of energy. Alternative storage of high-moisture grain in airtight storage systems reduce the energy required to produce bioEthanol and studies have also shown that Ethanol yields are increased more than 10% in Ethanol fermentations of moist grain compared to dry. Airtight storage is often not perfectly airtight so biocontrol agents are necessary in order to preserve the grain.

According to the EC fuel regulations 2 % bio fuel has to be blended in all fuel by the year 2005, and 5.75 % by the year 2010, which means Ethanol for gasoline driven vehicles, so there will be a substantial demand for Ethanol. Brazil already has an established industry for producing Ethanol and is the leading producer and exporter of fuel Ethanol. My purpose with this paper is to investigate why Brazil decided to develop Ethanol production on a large-scale operation and to find out today?s situation. Focus will mainly be on Ethanol production with sugarcane as a feedstock.

AbstractThe future of Ethanol is depending on good solutions for the production. ENA energy power plant produces electrical power and district heating by heating biofuel. By building an integrated bioenergy plant surplus steam could be used to produce Ethanol as fuel to vehicle.This would mean that Ethanol is produced renewable energy and the energy for the process derives from the surplus of power.  ENA energy, MDH (the University of Mälardalen) and the energy authority has initiated a research project were different bioenergy combinations integrate with existing power plant.  As a part of the project which size an integrated factory should be to gain the best efficiency for the plant was investigated. Consideration will be taken to the cost of the production in order to be competitive to the price of imported Ethanol.  Etanolens framtid vilar på bra lösningar för framställning.  I ENA energi kraftverk i Enköping produceras el och fjärrvärme genom eldning av biobränsle.  Genom att bygga ett integrerat bioenergikraftverk där skulle man kunna använda överskottsånga till att framställa etanol som fordonsbränsle.

AbstractThe future of Ethanol is depending on good solutions for the production. ENA energy power plant produces electrical power and district heating by heating biofuel. By building an integrated bioenergy plant surplus steam could be used to produce Ethanol as fuel to vehicle.This would mean that Ethanol is produced renewable energy and the energy for the process derives from the surplus of power.  ENA energy, MDH (the University of Mälardalen) and the energy authority has initiated a research project were different bioenergy combinations integrate with existing power plant.  As a part of the project which size an integrated factory should be to gain the best efficiency for the plant was investigated. Consideration will be taken to the cost of the production in order to be competitive to the price of imported Ethanol.  Etanolens framtid vilar på bra lösningar för framställning.  I ENA energi kraftverk i Enköping produceras el och fjärrvärme genom eldning av biobränsle.  Genom att bygga ett integrerat bioenergikraftverk där skulle man kunna använda överskottsånga till att framställa etanol som fordonsbränsle.