This paper describes the development of a simulation model for the Ambulance flow in the Västra Götalands-region of Sweden, and an analysis tool for the output of the simulation model. The aim of the simulation model was to be able to evaluate the outcome from changes in the Ambulance operations, such as a reorganization of Ambulances or an increase in intensity of the Ambulance calls. This evaluation is meant to serve as decision support for the strategic planning of the Ambulance operations. The analysis tool was developed to visualize the abundant geographical data produced by the simulation model in a meaningful way. The simulation model was validated against historical data which showed that the dispatch time for the highest prioritized Ambulance calls corresponds well with historical data.

This paper describes the development of a simulation model for the Ambulance flow in the Västra Götalands-region of Sweden, and an analysis tool for the output of the simulation model. The aim of the simulation model was to be able to evaluate the outcome from changes in the Ambulance operations, such as a reorganization of Ambulances or an increase in intensity of the Ambulance calls. This evaluation is meant to serve as decision support for the strategic planning of the Ambulance operations. The analysis tool was developed to visualize the abundant geographical data produced by the simulation model in a meaningful way. The simulation model was validated against historical data which showed that the dispatch time for the highest prioritized Ambulance calls corresponds well with historical data.

The study aimed to investigate the acute medical chain consisting of SOS operator, Ambulance nurse, emergency nurse and emergency physician with regard to the assessment and prioritization of the victim.The design of this journal study is retrospective with descriptive approach. Data were collected from all Ambulance missions carried out in Uppsala county 2009-01-01 between the hours 00:00 to 12:00. Sample period was chosen because the prerequisite for high frequency on the Ambulance mission was supposed to be good. In order to be able to systematize the compilation of data a protocol were prepared and used. Applicable data were collected from three databases SOS Alarms, Ambulance operations, and the University Hospital in Uppsala.

Abstract:Ambulance nurses have in their everyday work a varied work environment, the pace of work can quickly shift from being calm and structured to be a severe acute situation.Objective: The aim of the study was to describe how professional nurses in the Ambulance operations experience their physical and mental work environment in daily practice.Method: A qualitative interview study with semi structured questions was used. The study group consisted of two women and three men, ages between 27?42 years. The study was carried out on an Ambulance station in central Sweden. Based on collected data, a qualitativecontent analysis was performed that resulted in three categories.Results: The result showed that the Ambulance nurses regarded that it was a lot of heavy lifting.

 The aim of this study was to explore Swedish Ambulance nurses experiences in caring for sick or wounded children.Method: A qualitative interview study with a descriptive/ explorative design. The sample consists of 10 Ambulance nurses, both men and women, with varying years within Ambulance service. Trough unstructured questions the data was collected. The data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Results: Compared to previous published studies the results of this study shows a broader perspective on Ambulance nurses experiences in caring for sick or wounded children. The experiences were focused on following five categories:o The character of the alarm o The organization of the work o The specific in the meeting and treating of a child in an Ambulance o Children who dies or suffer from a trauma o To work in an Ambulance and at the same time being a parent Conclusion: It is always special to take care of a sick or wounded child.

Introduction: In Sweden the definition of Ambulance nursing is the examination and treatment of sick or injured people done by Ambulance nurses during transport.  This means not only focus on the illness or injury but also the human being treated. The paramedic service must be based on the presumption that the medical needs of the patients are guaranteed, and that the expectations and demands of the public are satisfied. Competence and availability are basic terms for a well-functional paramedic service. There is a lot of pressure put on the people working with pre-hospital nursing. One mistake can lead to serious consequences for the patient.

The Swedish prehospital/Ambulance organization has the last decades evolved from a transport organization to a an organization that focus on alleviate and treating acute medical conditions in the field as well as transporting patient to the emergency ward. The Ambulance service is developing continually and offers today a high-tech and highly specialized nursing/care. Which in turn demand a higher standard and competence on the care provider. Ambulance mission can vary in priority and magnitude. This in turn demand a high medical competence our capacity.

Aim: The aim was to investigate the Ambulance nurses experiences during a specific Ambulance missions that led to usage of LUCAS ?.Method: Participating Ambulance nurses were randomly assigned from a total sample group of 12 women and 39 men. Five women and five men participated. Qualitative interviews were conducted, where the Critical Incident Technique approach was used. Collected interviews were valued using qualitative content analysis.Result: Interview texts were divided into three domains, 10 subcategories could be identified which were sorted into three categories.

This thesis describes a tool for data mining used to optimize Ambulance preparedness. The goal with the tool was that it should be able to retract the information necessary to be able to analyze and calibrate the preparedness model used in the software ResQMap. ResQMap is used by SOS Alarm, who are responsible for the Swedish emergency number 112, as a decision support tool for Ambulance operators. It is developed by Carmenta AB, who are the supervisors of the thesis work. Also, a minor study of the preparedness models variables has been performed in order to be able to evaluate the function of the tool.

The prehospital management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)now includes 12-lead electrocardiogram transmission directly from the Ambulance to hospital.If the ECG shows ST-elevated myocardial infarction the patient should be transported directlyto a hospital with capability for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).                                               Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how Ambulance nurses experienced the prehospital management of patients with AMI who are transported by Ambulance directly to hospital for PCI.                                                Method: Semi structured interviews were conducted with eight Ambulance nurses. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The categories that emerged were: Use ofcompetence, Responsibility and Insufficiency. Result: The result showed that the Ambulance nurses felt secure when they cared for patients transported directly to PCI. The nurses assessed the patient and decided how he or she should be cared for.

ABSTRACTBackground: As a nurse it is a part of your work description to precepting students. A good relationship between preceptor and student is important for a successful precepting witch can be rewarding for both parties. There are many studies on how nurses in hospital departments experience precepting students, however it is not as explored in the prehospital care.Objective: To describe Ambulance nurses' experience of precepting nursing students in the third and final year of university-level nursing school.Method: A qualitative study was conducted. Nine respondents at two Ambulance stations in central Sweden were selected with the help of strategic convenience sample. The informants were nurses with specialist education in Ambulance/prehospital care who had experience of working in the Ambulance unit for at least a year.Result: The majority of participants were positive to precepting students and the time seemed adequate.

 Every day media reports acts of violence in various kinds. Crime statistics shows that threats and violence are increasing in regard to both frequency and intensity within the nation. Nurses in the Ambulance service are often the first to meet with a patient, therefore these nurses often find themselves in situations where violence and threats occur or have occurred. Drug addiction or some kind of illness are often reasons behind threats and violence.Earlier studies within this area of knowledge are mostly foreign and therefore little describes Swedish nurses` experiences of threats and violence within the Ambulance service.The purpose of this study was to describe nurses experiences of threats and violence in the meeting with patients within the Ambulance service.The study is a qualitative interview study performed within the School of Life Sciences at the University of Skövde. Six nurses were interviewed with the criterion that they should have experienced threats and violence within their occupation.

Study objectives:Examine Ambulance personnel?s perceptions of skills / training and knowledge with regards to the existing mechanical / manual compressions and frequency of training during a work shift. Do Ambulance personnel think that mechanical compressions increase survival? Are there concerns that the device could damage the patient?Design: A cross-sectional study, quantitative approach with qualitative elements was conducted.Methods:Questionnaire form, which was answered by 44 Ambulance personnel in an Ambulance organisation in Sweden. Participants were on a scale of 1-5 to select how they agree with the claims of the study form and also submit their own comments.

Objective: To investigate the experiences of Ambulance nurses when using Boussignac CPAPcompared to their previous model, and their suggestions for possible improvements in the use of CPAP in the care of patients with pulmonary oedema. Method: A qualitative study with a descriptive and exploratory approach. Data was collected through ten semi-structured interviews with Ambulance nurses, seven men and three women. The analysis was conducted using Lundman and Graneheim?s content analysis.

There is no standardized test to control the appropriate physical ability in the Swedish Ambulance service. The county in question does not perform annual physical tests. A project has been going to develop science-based physical tests, designed for the Ambulance service. The research has resulted in the Aasa-test.Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the Ambulance staff perception of the Aasa-test relevance, introduction of annual tests and the importance of their own physical training in relation to Ambulance work.Method: A quasi-experimental study with a comparative design has been conducted. Aasa-tests were conducted in 41 randomly selected staff at an Ambulance station in central Sweden.