Quality was earlier only an issue for the company?s quality departments but today is the entire organization involved in quality- and improvements work. With the customers in focus, both external and internal, quality and improvement work should be integrated in the daily activities. The management shall state goals and visions together with a policy. Through participation the correct requirements for a successful work are created.With SPC, statistics process control, there is an opportunity to perceive variations in the process and with the correct tools make it stable.

Methadone is frequently used as an analgesic drug for dogs although there are very few studies describing the pharmacokinetics of methadone in this species. In man methadone has a long half-life and there are considerable differences in pharmacokinetics between individuals. The dose interval is lengthened when the drug is used fore longer periods of time due to prolonged half-life. Therefore the drug dose must be adjusted individually. The purpose of this study was to study the fundamental pharmacokinetics of methadone in dogs, and to find an optimal drug dosage.

Nurses have an important role caring with the suicidal patient as they often are the first to encounter these individuals. In order to develop their skills, nurses need to understand the complexity of the problem around the thoughts of wanting to die. The purpose of the study was to compile and elucidate research that describes how nurses can provide care to suicidal patients. The method used was a literature review. The results were divided into seven themes that can guide the nurse in the work: to be there, give time and listen, to recognize and assess risk factors, working in a team, to be attentive to own attitudes, to give hope, to be able to process their feelings, increased knowledge of the causes of suicide.

Syftet med detta arbete var att studera på vilket sätt skolans organisation samt barns närmiljö kan bidra till stress, men även hur skolans personal och vuxna i barns liv, aktivt kan arbeta för att förebygga stress. Studien bygger på fem intervjuer med vuxna som arbetar med barn i olika sammanhang och under olika förutsättningar samt 65 enkäter med barn i År2. Arbetets fokus ligger på barns stress i skolan men man kan konstatera att källan till barns agerande i skolan inte alltid behöver finnas i skolans verksamhet utan kan ha sitt ursprung i barnens övriga närmiljö. Därför bör även närmiljön uppmärksammas för att man ska få en helhetsbild av barnens situation. Resultatet i enkäterna visade att barnen hade få eller inga kunskaper om stress som begrepp men efter en begreppsförklaring visade sig att många barn själva hade upplevt eller sett stress hos personer i deras närhet.

Sustainability work is something that is emphasized more and more. Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, is discussed and the question of how much responsibility companies should really take is frequently in the news. Companies tend to ask themselves how much responsibility they should take. CSR is a common concept of companies environmental and social work and a concept we tend to see here and there in our modern society. CSR includes companies? social responsibilities, both in terms of carbon footprint, working conditions, social responsibility and more.

This paper presents a project and literature overview about how risk management and quality sometimes goes hand in hand and sometimes in two different directions. Meaning that the risk management can affect product or process quality differently depending on what risks an organisation chooses to control.The purpose with this paper is to get a deeper understanding about how risk and quality works together with IT-support and therefore we have been actively participating in a project with a risk management company called Zert. A literature study and a qualitative interview study have also been undertaken to see what the customers and the other researchers have written, to be able to make proper conclusions on the subject.To easily work together and get the information that was needed, four methods where used. Besides the qualitative interview and literature study the think-out-loud, card sorting and a variation on the extreme programming method where used to help visualize and improve communication both with Zert, the costumers and among ourselves.Zert is a risk management company that helps other organisations to control their different types of risks that they might be taking, by offering a system where the risk management process is held and providing consulting services by helping within the processes. Both Zert and their customers see the communication, knowledge and teamwork as something important as well as the quality within the work, processes and the end result.

Sammanfattning Syfte:Syftet med vår undersökning var att skapa förståelse för hur företag arbetar med etiska och moraliska frågor i samband med ekonomistyrning. Metod:Vår undersökning har gjorts i tre svenska företag genom personliga intervjuer med personer i chefs- eller ledarposition på varje företag. Den insamlade empirin har sedan sammanställts och analyserats genom att jämföra den med vårt teoriavsnitt. Slutsats:Vi har kommit fram till fyra punkter som enligt vår undersökning är centrala för arbetet med etiska och moraliska frågor i de företag vi undersökt. Dessa är värderingar, förståelse, ledarskap och företaget. Abstract Purpose:Our purpose was to clarify how companies work with ethical matters in relation to its management control system. Method:Our thesis has been prepared at three Swedish companies where we have completed personal interviews with people in management or leading positions in each of the companies. The collected data was analyzed and compared to the different theories presented in our theory chapter. Result:We have found four central elements, which according to our research are central for the work with ethical matters in the companies we have researched. They are values, understanding, leadership and the company itself..

Prokrastinering innebär att individen trots medvetenhet om negativa konsekvenser skjuter upp en handling. Den bidrar till stress, färre hälsofrämjade beteenden och sämre prestation. Demografiska faktorer och pågående utbildning påverkar sannolikheten för prokrastinering. Relationen mellan stress och prokrastinering behöver utforskas, speciellt hur interventioner riktade mot stress påverkar fenomenet. En longitudinell interventionsstudie med upprepad mätning undersökte effekten av ett KBT-baserat stresshanteringsprogram (KBSP) på prokrastinering och interaktionseffekter med stress.

From the early 1990s, psychosocial illness has become an increasing problem in our society. During this period several factors affected the development of the Swedish labor market and created lack of job security. For example, the competition between companies increased, aswell as an increase of demands, efficiency and rationalization. This led to a higher pace in the workplace, and it was noticeably especially in the public sector. According to studies, stress is the main reason for psychosocial illness and affects more women than men.

Management control systems are a popular area of research and a lot of new research has been done over the past years. This development has been looking into new situations and circumstances, and interdisciplinary studies are being made to further understand the connection between different fields of study. A new field of study that has grown significantly over the past few years is the connection between management control systems and entrepreneurship. Leading researchers have proposed a number of questions for further research and one of them is the board of directors? use of management control systems in entrepreneurial firms.The purpose of this study was to examine the differences and similarities in the board of directors? use of management control systems between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial firms.The study was conducted as a deductive qualitative study through interviews with respondents from entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial firms.

Huvudsyfte med studien var att se om det finns någon skillnad mellan könen avseende stress och copingstrategier. Även samband mellan coping och upplevd stress undersöktes. Försökspersonerna utgjordes av 13 män och 28 kvinnor. Den metod som använts för undersökningen var kvantitativ då syftet var att jämföra svaren inom urvalsgruppen med varandra. Dataanalys gjordes med t-test för oberoende grupper och med partiellkorrelation.

BAKGRUND: Stress och psykosomatiska besvär är ett av de allvarligaste folkhälsoproblemen i Sverige. Psykisk ohälsa omfattar cirka 20% av sjukdomsbördan i Sverige. Även ungdomar uppvisar ökad grad av stress och psykosomatiska besvär.SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av självupplevd stress och psykosomatiska besvär hos gymnasieelever på en svensk gymnasieskola.MATERIAL OCH METOD: En enkät delades ut på skolan. 970 elever besvarade enkäten (75%). Enkäten innehöll 16 frågor rörande självupplevd stress och psykosomatiska besvär.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka hur undersköterskor upplevde stress i arbetet och vad som fick undersköterskor att uppleva stress i arbetet inom demens- och äldrevård, samt betydelsen av stöd i arbetet från omgivningen. En intervjustudie genomfördes med vårdpersonal på ett äldreboende med inriktning på demensvård. Sex undersköterskor intervjuades om deras upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress. Intervjuerna spelades in och det inspelade materialet transkriberades till ett textinnehåll som analyserades. Resultatet visade att undersköterskor upplevde höga krav i kombination med ett lågt beslutsutrymme i sitt arbete.

Detta kvalitativa arbete behandlar i huvudsak upplevd stress och föräldraskap med fokus på hela livssituationen, förändringen i livet det första barnet medför, föräldraskapet och parrelationen. Förutom i förändringen, var det nuet som rapporten ville undersöka. Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka hur nyblivna föräldrars upplevelse av sin livssituation och den förändring i livet ett barn medför samverkade med orsakerna till och hanteringen av stress. Frågeställningar som ställdes var: ? Varför/varför inte upplever förstagångsföräldrar stress? ? Vilken roll spelar krav, kontroll och socialt stöd? ? Vad upplever förstagångsföräldrar som mest stressande? Intervjuer och intervjufrågor utformades efter vetenskaplig och populärvetenskaplig litteratur.

The purpose of this study was to examine the routines of performance related pay systems in two Swedish municipal upper secondary schools. A second purpose was to examine what data was included for evaluation of a co-worker?s performance and how a principal collects data. The purpose was also to examine a principal and teachers´ view of performance related pay systems and if it was possible to note an agreement. Principals have been interviewed and teachers have answered a questionnaire to fulfil the purposes of this study.The study shows that the municipality had a good routine that included individual discussions with co-workers about their salary and had fixed municipal criteria.