This master thesis reviews advances in detection and diagnosis of static friction (stiction) in control valves. Control valves suffering from stiction results in oscillating control loops which in turn decreases both the process stability and reliability. Perstorp AB sees a necessity to automatically detect stiction in valves before the effects of the malfunctioning valves have become too severe. This thesis presents an introduction to maintenance, control loops and how stiction in valves can affect performance of control loops.A selection of methods presented in the literature are introduced and examined using normal operating data from the site in Perstorp. Common for all selected methods is their intuitive ideas and that they are based on normal operating data and minimum amount of process knowledge.

This essay looks into the concept of self-efficacy and its implications for work performance. The participants in this study work for a call center company situated in the southern part of Sweden. The hypothesis is that a high degree of self-efficacy exerts a positive effect on work performance. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify the factors that give rise to work satisfaction among the participants. The results of the study show that there is a negative correlation between high self-efficacy and work performance.

Syfte: Att undersöka i vilka situationer moralisk stress förekom hos sjuksköterskor inom somatisk vård och hur uppfattningen av moralisk stress påverkades av sjuksköterskans ålder och erfarenhet. Bakgrund: Moralisk stress hos sjuksköterskor uppkommer när de vet vad som borde göras, men strukturella, organisatoriska eller ekonomiska faktorer utgör ett hinder för att utföra rätt handling. Effekter av detta kan leda till dålig självkänsla, depression eller att arbetsplatsen lämnas. Metod: En litteraturstudie med granskning och bearbetning av tio kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor upplevde moralisk stress i samarbete med andra professioner samt vid samarbete inom den egna professionen. Moralisk stress upplevdes vid meningslöst vårdande som till exempel ineffektiv vård när läkaren gav inkompetent vård. Även vid meningslöst livsuppehållande vård upplevdes moralisk stress. I vissa etiska situationer och vid besparingar som innefattade personalbrist och kostnadsbesparingar, uppstod även moralisk stress.

The purpose of this study is to examine what professionals tell about stress, rewards, impact and treatment in the professional treatment with young sexual offenders. Eleven qualitative interviews of half-structured design brought up results about the professional role in the treatment process. During the interviews the professionals described which methods of treatment they work with. We examined the methods through literature research, which was added to the study whit the purpose of strengthening the interview data. The professionals consider their work important and meaningful and they feel safe in their working role.

Practical and theoretical learning are methods that are used in schools as a way to prepare students for the working life. Within the practical learning knowledge is not only acquired to learn in practice, but the students must also be able to apply their theoretical knowledge to what he/she does. Against this background, the aim of the study was to investigate the importance of practical learning for students in college / university level and how they are experiencing the stress that may arise out of the loss of practical learning during their education, as well as their vision for working life after completing their education. The population of the study consisted of N = 36, which 18 of these had used both practical and theoretical learning and the remainder had only used theoretical learning. The method was a questionnaire survey with a high proportion of fixed alternative answers according to likert scales.

This report will outline a proposal for the improvement of the baggage sorting facility at Arlanda airport. Swedavia is a state owned company group that operates, owns and develops airports in Sweden. One of their main roles is to create accessibility needed to facilitate and streamline the work at the airport.Swedavia is constantly working to develop new solutions and enhancements that will help to standardize and automate the work at airports without major impact on climate and above all adapt these solutions to work.The project has been aimed to identify and isolate the problem at the check-in counter, investigate the possibility of setting a speed control on the DC motor driving the luggage conveyer belt at the check-in desk so that the luggage does not lose tracking already there, as well as evaluate the new sorting systems planned to be introduce in the upcoming refurbishment of the sorting area.To determine the parameters that are used to regulate the speed of the baggage conveyor belt, information about the inputs and outputs that participated in the process was gathered. Information was collected both practically and theoretically. Process was followed and monitored by the supervisor of the company, and a theoretical study was done separately on my own.

Denna uppsats handlar om samband mellan barn och stress. Stressen finns överallt även bland de yngsta barnen på förskolan. Syftet med min uppsats är att undersöka vilka kunskaper och vilken uppfattningsförmåga pedagogerna i förskolan har om stress. Hur vi som pedagoger kan se att barn är stressade och vilka faktorer som leder till stress hos förskolebarnen i åldrarna 2 till 4 år. Undersökningen är kvalitativ och består av en enkät som delats ut till 40 st pedagoger varav 25 har svarat.

In today's globalized world it is essential to achieve goal congruence within a multinational corporation despite the distances between the headquarters and subsidiaries. A case study has been performed to examine how control of sales units within a Swedish multinational corporation is achieved. Otley's framework has been used in the study to provide an overall picture of the control system where the analysis is based on five areas: key objectives and goal evaluation, strategies and plans, target setting process, incentives and motivation as well as information flows. To complement this framework, theories of convergence and divergence by Busco et al. have been used as well as theories of hierarchical control and self-control by Holmström.

The aim of this study has been to examine the role of control mechanisms when it comes to building relationships in a small business network. In order to reach this goal, we have performed a case study of a Swedish supplier of machines to the engineering industry, which acts as the exclusive representative of a foreign manufacturer on the Swedish market. Main results: A number of control mechanisms, both formal and informal, could be identified in the network. Their specific use, as well as relative importance differ between different actors in the network. In general, the importance of formal control mechanisms decreases as the relationship evolves over time and the importance of informal ones, mainly trust, increases in a corresponding manner..

Stress definieras som en obalans mellan krav och resurser. Krav och kontrollmodellen samt krav- resursmodellen menar att krav är en negativ faktor. Andra menar att det finns negativt hindrande och positivt utmanande krav. En individ hanterar stress genom olika copingstrategier, två av dem är problemorienterad strategi och emotionell strategi. Forskning har visat att individer med en problemorienterad strategi hanterar stress bättre än de med emotionell strategi.

The function of budgetary controls is to control the resource allocation within companies. It can also be an instrument for measure and control subordinates and/or business units? performance (Van der Stede 2001). This paper concerns the latter; when the budgetary control function is used to measure and control subordinates performance based on budget. Previous research in this area has not yet accomplished to explain the effects of tight budgetary control which Hartman (2000) considers as the main issue to be concerned about in management accounting research.Previous research has presented contradictory findings regarding tight budgetary control explained by positive effects as well as negative effects during the last decades.

Climate changing is a growing problem for many countries and communities over the world. The cities has a huge work to deal with in their reforcements of their cities to be resilient ones. This thesis makes an effort to investigate and illuminate some of the problem the cities has to solve related to flooding, hazards, erosions, rising sea levels and crotches. This thesis will help to find solutions that international and national efforts has produced and handed out to each other. A lot of communities are charing their excellent tools that works for them.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur stress konstrueras i svenska tidningar samt vilka skillnader och likheter som finns i konstruktionen av mäns och kvinnors stress. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är Berger och Luckmanns socialkonstruktionism som innebär att allt är socialt konstruerat. Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys har också legat till grund för studiens teoretiska och metodologiska ramverk. För att besvara studiens syfte har Faircloughs tredimensionella modell använts för att analysera artiklar från Sveriges fyra största tidningar. Artiklarna som analyserades handlade om mäns och kvinnors stress.

Introduktion: Stress blir allt vanligare och det påverkar människan negativt både psykiskt och fysiskt. Den förekommer bland både kvinnor och män. Minskad saliv, kost och intagsfrekvens samt munhygienvanor medför ökad risk för kariesutveckling. Karies utvecklas genom demineralisering och den orsakas av bland annat mutans streptokocker och lactobaciller som finns i placket. Därför syftar studien till att hitta samband mellan stress och dessa riskfaktorer.Syfte: Att studera hur stress påverkar riskfaktorer för karies.Frågeställningar: Hur påverkas salivproduktionen av stress? Hur påverkas kostvanorna av stress? Hur påverkas munhygienvanorna av stress?Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie.

AbstraktSyftet med studien är att försöka finna förståelse för hur muslimer uppfattar och hanterar stress utifrån deras egna kulturella normer. För att skapa en djupare inblick i den Islamska kulturen så utfördes en kvalitativ undersökning på plats i södra Turkiet. Fokus var riktat på det muslimska perspektivet av stress, då önskan var att undersöka vad stress innebar utifrån deras eget synsätt samt vad som användes i hanteringen av stress. Kvalitativa djupintervjuer genomfördes med fem kvinnor och sju män som var religiöst troende. Respondenterna hade relativt likartade upplevelser och tillväga- gångsätt i hanteringen av stress.