Den här studien är en analys av hur den ryske författaren Lev Tolstoj, genom kanonisering och uppkomsten av vissa mönster av texter, bilder och representationer, reduceras till tecken, symbol och ikon, samt hur denna symbol och ikon behandlas i två filmadaptioner - Leo Tolstoj (Lev Tolstoj 1985) respektive The Last Station (2009). Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är i huvudsak Jurij Lotmans kultursemiotiska teori och i synnerhet hans definitioner av termerna tecken, symbol och ikon. Uppsatsen visar, utifrån denna semiotiska teori, hur adaptionerna väljer att representera en viss bild av Tolstoj som en reduktiv strategi för att kunna skapa ett narrativ som måste infoga och välja bland en komplex uppsättning av bilder och självbilder, representationer och självrepresentationer.Resultaten av analysen visar hur bilden av Lev Tolstoj i Lev Tolstoj fokuserar på bilden av författaren som å ena sidan starjets, som en vis äldre man, som människor uppsöker, och å andra sidan som författare. Hans verk ges följaktligen stort utrymme och det refereras ofta till hans verk, och då i synnerhet till den senare produktionen av filosofiskt och religiöst material. Vad gäller de ikoniska elementen är det bilden av den gamle mannen i de enkla bondekläderna från de sista åren av hans liv som dominerar.

A substation must be properly protected against lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection.The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom.During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents.

Examensarbetet är ett planeringsprojekt i direkt anslutning till Stockholms innerstad. Planområdet är ett avvecklat stations och spårområde, där framför allt gods har hanterats under det senaste seklet. Den ursprungliga användningen av området har successivt avvecklats, och ersatts av andra verksamheter i de gamla magasinsbyggnaderna i området. Spårområdena har omvandlats till parkerings- och uppställningsplatser. Sedan SJ lämnade området har planer tagits fram för en förnyelse av området.

To be allowed to sell Z-suspended vehicles with dipped beam Xenon or LED lighting, Scania have to develop automatic headlight level control. This master?s thesis aims to be the foundation to that development.The thesis consists of several parts; a market analysis of how competitors to Scania and the general vehicle industry solve this problem; several available principles for detecting the amount of control needed; the construction of a test station for sensors, a control unit and components connected controlled by the control unit; a further theoretical and practical development of one principle ? one rotational sensor connected between the chassis and the back drive axis; a state flow model programmed in Simulink that produces the control signal for the headlight leveling from the sensor input.Lastly the thesis gives some recommendations to the further development and implementation of automatic headlight level control on Scania vehicles..

In the year 1783 a fissure eruption from Laki in the southern part of Iceland produced a large amount of volcanic gases during a period of eight months. The volcanic gases and aerosols spread across the northern hem sphere due to ideal weather conditions and had a substantial impact on the environment, human health and also climate effects. This, so called dry fog, caused severe health problems, which led to death casualties, killing animals, crops and other vegetation. The consequence was a widespread famine which was aggravated by a hard and long winter in 1783/84. Analysis shows that the Icelandic volcanoes are the primary risk to produce dry fog that can affect Sweden.

A new shipyard on the island of Beckholmen consisting of a new ship hall and complementary workshops. The program is extended with rentable industrial space for other smaller companies to take advantage of synergies with the yard and to create an active maritime cluster around Beckholmen. By building a marina and a port at the northern shoreline of the island the shipyard can expand their potential customers to non-commercial and larger recreational boats that are becoming increasingly common in Skärgården. The port is also supplemented with a combined naval fuel station, harbor office and a small café. The boat traffic in the region gets a additional stop at the end of the port and act as an additional gateway to Djurgården. Several small retail spaces with direct access to the water is created along the promenade between the port and Djurgården. The shipyard gets a modern and efficient industry building, while the island is made available to the public again, and Beckholmen will hopefully take an equal place in the city's consciousness as it does visually in the inlet to Stockholm..

The Yara N-Tester is a handheld chlorophyll meter which can be used in several different crops as an aid to determine if there is a need of complementary fertilization with nitrogen (N) or not. If the crop requires more N the N-Tester will recommend an amount in kg per ha. The possibility to assess the need of N depends on the strong relation that exists between chlorophyll- and N-concentration in the leaves of plants. In the multiannual trial series ?Nitrogen to winter wheat at different soil conditions? measurements with the N-Tester was carried out at flag leaf emergence (GS 37). In this work the result of measurements, the NTesters ability to estimate the need of N in winter wheat, will be presented for the years 2008-2011.

In this essay, I have interviewed four pedagogues from three preschools whit different pedagogical purposes. The purpose was to find out how they work with mathematics outdoor. In addition to interviews, I have conducted observations at each preschool. The different preschools are one traditional, one Reggio Emilia and one ?all weather? (Friluftsfrämjandet) preschool.

The purpose of this Masters thesis is to make an outline of different methods and theories within the field of bibliometrics and critically review their strengths and weaknesses. The author studied literature that discussed bibliometric methods and theories. The number of empirical studies that are based on bibliometric methods and theories are numerous and where principally excluded, but some empirical studies were included as part of the argumentation for and against different methods and theories. The author first gives an outline of which methods and theories there are and describes their different strengths and weaknesses. Citation analysis has many different fields of application such as information retrieval, mapping science, evaluative studies and monitoring literature.

A substation must be properly protected against lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection.The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom.During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents.

Examensarbetet är ett planeringsprojekt i direkt anslutning till Stockholms innerstad. Planområdet är ett avvecklat stations och spårområde, där framför allt gods har hanterats under det senaste seklet. Den ursprungliga användningen av området har successivt avvecklats, och ersatts av andra verksamheter i de gamla magasinsbyggnaderna i området. Spårområdena har omvandlats till parkerings- och uppställningsplatser. Sedan SJ lämnade området har planer tagits fram för en förnyelse av området.

För effektmatning av den elektrifierade järnvägen krävs att spänningens frekvens omformas från kraftnätets frekvens på 50 Hz till 16,7 Hz. Detta sker i dag med två olika metoder. En metod där frekvensen omformas på mekanisk väg då en motor på gemensam axel driver en generator som genererar elkraft av rätt frekvens, detta kallas för en roterande frekvensomformare. Den andra metoden ändrar spänningens frekvens med hjälp av kraftelektronik, detta kallas för en statisk frekvensomformare. Gemensamt för båda dessa metoder är att de har värmeförluster.

We are daily using the public space to move throughout the city. The public space is an important part of our city and it?s where a lot of social activities occur and a lot of different events take place. The outdoor environment in the city should offer the residents nice and varying places for staying. In this essay I will try to understand how the physical environment works and how people moves and behave in the public space.

The purpose of my study is to describe how educators think about the play environment, the nature and its importance for the children's development and learning in preschool. The study is based on qualitative interviews with four active educators. The results of the study show that the teachers regarded the children's interests to a great extent when the different play environments were structured. They are also based on different themes that they have seen that the children were interested in, such as the fire station, hair salon or shop and café. Educators designing not only these play areas for different types of play for the children, but the different environments also have a learning purpose. The outdoor environment however attracts greater interest from children, to where they have more space to move freely in and outdoors, there are no limits to the children.

The aim of this study was to develop a load prognosis model for Uppsala district heating system to be used as a tool for heat production optimization. The methodwas to build three models for the different customer types; housing, industry andoffices and then scale them for the total system using data from Uppsala districtheating system. The heat load consists of two parts, one that is temperaturedependent and one that is dependent of the social behavior of the customers. Thetemperature part was modelled with an ARX model using an outdoor temperatureprognosis as input signal. The social behavior part was modelled using the mean ofthe social behavior from some days before and additionally by distinguishing betweenweekdays and weekends.