This report is a study in voltagelevel in connection with regeneration of brake energy from the tramtype M31 in Gothenburg.In the act of braking, the tram M31 uses electrical braking where the electrical motors generates energy and if possible send it back to the overheadline, where other trams in the nearby can use this regenerated energy for its own driving force. In cases where no other energyconsumers are located in the same section, there is a resistance witch task is to convert this energy into heat. The regulation of this resistance appears to cause an increase in the voltagelevel into far too high levels.Investigations of the trams regulationequipment and its construction have been done. Further have measurements on the overheadline been performed in order to map the voltagevariations during a longer period of time.The result have been showing that the voltagelevel during regeneration often is as high as 880V-920V, more extreme values have not been observed in a large scale. The values are especially high compared to the nominal voltagelevel.

Detta examensarbete är skrivet vid produktionsteknikavdelningen, på uppdrag av Volvo Personvagnar AB i Torslanda, Göteborg. Produktionsteknikavdelningen utför bland annat balansering i slutmonteringen. Slutmonteringen är det sista steget innan en bil är färdig att levereras till kund. Volvo Personvagnar har tagit fram ett verktyg BME (BeräkningsModell Ergonomi) för att kunna bedöma operatörens arbetsmiljö, speciellt den belastningsergonomiska arbetssituationen. Syftet med examensarbetet är att utvärdera hur verktyget BME går att koppla till utfallet i produktivitet och kvalitet i slutmonteringen i fabriken i Torslanda.Resultatet visar att det finns en koppling mellan arbetsmoment som bedöms som belastningstunga och antalet rapporterade fel.

Volvo Human Monitoring (VHM) is an ongoing project at Volvo Cars where they measure, amongst other parameters, inhalation and exhalation through a device called Respiratory Inductance Plethysmograph (RIP), on drivers. RIP measures changes in the cross-sectional area of the chest and abdomen. When the driver is in motion, such as when she is turning the vehicle, the cross-sectional area changes and noise in the RIP signal may arise.The noise results in a large number of manual adjustments in the analysis of the RIP signal, which is very time consuming and the validity of the device for measuring inhalation and exhalation is questioned.The purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency of the analysis of the RIP signal. The goal was to create a new data processing tool in Matlab that automatically detects inhalation and exhalation from a RIP signal with higher validity compared to the previous data processing tool.In this study, nine tests were performed on drivers while they were driving in different scenarios such as highway, country road and in city traffic. Inhalation and exhalation was measured using a RIP, a pneumotachograph with a tightly sealed facemask and a thermocouple placed between the nose and mouth, which was used as reference to the RIP.The result of this study was a data processing tool that automatically detects inhalation and exhalation with higher validity compared to the previous data processing tool.

Today, about 15 to 20 percent of Sweden?s total emission of carbon dioxide can be traced to the household sector. By examining apartment blocks in a life cycle perspective, the origin of the carbon dioxide emission has been charted and analyzed. This information has been used to create a computational model that calculates the total emission of carbon dioxide from a specific apartment block. The results from the analyzed apartment blocks indicate that both the use of energy and the emission of carbon dioxide have been reduced since the 1960s. Through the examination of building materials, it is possible to lower the emission of carbon dioxide that origins from the construction phase of an apartment block.

The production costs have steadily increased within the construction industry during the 21st century. Voices are raised meaning that the construction industry is too unsuccessful in making the production more efficient and to develop it?s way of working. One way to deal with the production costs is to minimise the waste, with waste meaning activities that doesn?t add value to the finished product.

The production costs have steadily increased within the construction industry during the 21st century. Voices are raised meaning that the construction industry is too unsuccessful in making the production more efficient and to develop it?s way of working. One way to deal with the production costs is to minimise the waste, with waste meaning activities that doesn?t add value to the finished product.

I detta examensarbete undersöks hur informationstavlor vid Volvo PV AB, motor, Östra fabriken, Skövde påverkar montörerna som arbetar där i deras arbete. Uppdraget som undersökaren fick av Volvo var att undersöka vilken betydelse de informationstavlor som sitter vid varje modul/arbetsstation spelar i det dagliga arbetet. De här informationstavlorna visar hur många motorer som ska produceras per vecka. Metoden som användes i undersökningen var en kvalitativ intervjubaserad undersökning, med 24 deltagande montörer.Resultatet visar att den information som fås via tavlorna är av stor vikt och behövs i någon form. Det finns dock vissa betydande brister som påverkar montörerna negativt på olika sätt.

Because society?s demand for quality, efficiency at low cost is constantly increasing, companies are increasingly choosing to invest new methods to achieve these points. Those who manage to find ways to improve their processes are often the companies that have the greatest chance of becoming a winning player in the market. BIM is a new method that can reduce the internal costs while increasing communications between different parties. However there is disagreement about what BIM is and its purpose.

This paper examines how to use different kinds of source material for building surveys. The studyexamines how to use legends, construction archaeological surveys and Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) as source material, and use them against each other to ensure the reliability they have.As a starting point I used Gräfsnäs castle ruin in Alingsås, Sweden, as an example. Gräfsnäs castlewas probably built in the Middle Ages and was rebuilt through the ages until it became a ruin in thelate 1800s. The castle ruin is today Alingsås most visited attraction.The investigation has focused on three areas which are located in the very ruin; rescue tunnels, thecellar vault and the treasure.There are legends that describe how the castle lord of Gräfsnäs fled an attack of the Danes in 1612 ina rescue tunnel which ended at the beach. At the construction archaeological surveys carried out in1935-36 they found a sewer in the courtyard that was once served as rescue tunnel and ended in themoat.

The aim for this study was to find out what strategies women use to not react against inequality and sexist prejudice. In the study I used a critical realistic approach through, primary, the social ontology presented by Margaret S. Archer. The study focus on both the women?s construction of femininity and their construction of masculinity and what directions it constitutes for the women?s social orientation.

Är det möjligt att via sätet öka säkerheten och samtidigt förbättra körupplevelsen för yrkesförare?Med fokus på form och uttryck har jag tillsammans med Volvo Trucks designat ett haptiskt förarsäte som genom vibrationer och ljudikoner informerar föraren om faror och navigering. Med syftet att minska arbetsbelastningen i en tid när digitala hjälpmedel ökar men riskerar att överbelasta vår visuella perception. .

With the growth of information stored over Internet, especially in the biological field, and with discoveries being made daily in this domain, scientists are faced with an overwhelming amount of articles. Reading all published articles is a tedious and time-consuming process. Therefore a way to summarise the information in the articles is needed. A solution is the derivation of an ontology representing the knowledge enclosed in the set of articles and allowing to browse through them. In this thesis we present the tool Ontolo, which allows to build an initial ontology of a domain by inserting a set of articles related to that domain in the system.

For many years, the construction industry in Sweden has not developed much of an integral approach for design across disciplines. The sector?s impact on society, economics and environment is huge. To make the interactions within the construction industry more efficient, a relatively new concept called BIM (Building Information Modeling) has been introduced. The idea with BIM is that the different actors of the construction industry will work through intelligent CAD software, with common file formats and more cooperation between different actors during the various steps of the building and construction process.The technical consultancy company WSP Sweden is working actively to implement BIM within the frame of its activities.

The ability to tackle NP-hard problems has been greatly extended by the introduction of Metaheuristics (see Blum & Roli (2003)) for a summary of most Metaheuristics, general problem-independent optimisation algorithms extending the hill-climbing local search approach to escape local minima. One of these algorithms is Iterated Local Search (ILS) (Lourenco et al., 2002; Stützle, 1999a, p. 25ff), a recent easy to implement but powerful algorithm with results comparable or superior to other state-of-the-art methods for many combinatorial optimisation problems, among them the Traveling Salesman (TSP) and Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). ILS iteratively samples local minima by modifying the current local minimum and restartinga local search porcedure on this modified solution. This thesis will show how ILS can be implemented for MSA.

Det har blivit allt dyrare att bygga i Sverige, den svenska byggnadsindustrin har halkat efter övrig producerande industri och byggföretagen måste börja tänka i nya banor om de ska klara de nya utmaningarna. Lean-tänkande har länge nyttjats inom den tillverkande industrin och byggföretag har på senare år börjat snegla på dessa koncept i syfte att öka sin produktivitet. Problemet är att byggindustrin inte har homogena produktionsmiljöer och därmed inte kan använda samma lean-koncept som exempelvis bilindustrin. Därför har ett nytt koncept som kallas Lean construction utvecklats som bygger på ett antal principer från traditionella produktionssynsätt (Koskela, 2000). Konceptet är relativt nytt och forskningen inom området har främst fokuserat på lösningar på specifika problem istället för att skapa förståelse för konceptets helhet.