The fundamental prohibitions against anti-competitive agreements and abuse of a dominant position are set out in the EC Treaty, articles 81 and 82 respective CL 6 and 19 §. EU: s objectives can be said to promote economic and social development within the community. These objectives will be achieved, among other things, through the establishment of a common internal market. In order to achieve a common market, where companies from different nations compete on equal conditions, it is not enough to prevent the member states from distortion of competition in the market. The free competition and thereby the advantages the common market is assumed to create, can also be limited through measures taken by companies.

The study aims to illustrate how women victims of male violence in intimate relationships are treated during the legal process and with professional perspective describe what women?s experiences considered to be in the legal process. The study also aims to draw attention to the interventions for abused women during the legal process.The results are based on interviews with professionals in the justice system, and on observations in the courtroom. Overall our results show that abused women are in need of a great quantity of help and support before, during and after the negotiation. The legal process is very stressful for the women.

Utsättas för det okända kan vara skrämmande för varje mänsklig varelse. När ett barn måste genomgå en undersökning eller behandling kan en sådan situation representera det okända och det hotfulla. Barn i alla åldrar behöver förberedas inför alla situationer. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur barn, i samband med sjukhusvistelse, förbereds inför undersökningar och behandlingar samt hur förberedelserna påverkar barnen. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna Medline via Pubmed och Academic Search EliteResultatet, baserat på 15 kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar, visade att barn som förutom verbal information fick ett utökat förberedelseprogram i form av terapeutisk lek, audiovisuell information eller kognitiv beteendemetod, uppvisade lägre oro och stressnivåer i samband med undersökningar och behandlingar..

This study is qualitative and aims to describe and analyze how senior citizens with alcohol- related problems are recognized by social workers within local care for the elderly. The empirical material consists of eleven semi-structured interviews which was completed with the help of social workers within local elderly care. The findings of the study shows that the processing of the senior citizens alcohol related problem can be explained as an identified ?awareness process.? Further, the findings of the study shows that awareness is often made by others than the social workers themselves. The study has also showed that known versus unknown information about present alcohol-related problems, tends to be crucial for when and how awareness is made in the ?awareness process?. .

I den här uppsatsen undersöks och utvärderas metoder för att beräkna indirekta socioekonomiska effekter till följd av transportinvesteringar. De projekt som ligger till grund för denna jämförelse finns på gemensam europeisk samt på nationell nivå. Projekten har använt sig antingen av kvantitativ analys, i form av multikriterieanalys alternativt cost-benefit analys, eller av kvalitativ analys, för att utvärdera effekterna. Slutsatserna består i att det är svårt att beräkna dessa effekter och att det därför är viktigt att metoden speglar den underliggande informationen. En verbal metod som speglar osäkerheten är ofta att föredra framför en metod som presenterar exakta monetära mått trots att den underliggande informationen är osäker..

Intresset för den terapeutiska relationen har varit stort ända sedan psykoanalysen utvecklades och har ökat under de senaste decennierna. Begreppet diskuteras fortfarande inom psykoanalytisk teoribildning och har även blivit ett viktigt område för den akademiska psykoterapiforskningen. En forskningstradition som syftar till att förstå olika psykologiska begrepp är fenomenologin. Syftet med denna studie är att förstå begreppet terapeutisk relation som psykologiskt fenomen. Psykodynamiska psykoterapeuters upplevelse av den terapeutiska relationen förmedlad genom en intervju analyserades med hjälp av fenomenologisk metod.

The aim of the study learn about if the court assesses boys and girls on an equal basis, or if there are norms of gender constructed in society that appears in the Administrative Court of Appeal. And we want to find out how norms, in this field, are different between boys and girls. We used the judgments of the Administrative Court of Appeal and went through the descriptions of the girls and boys. What basis was used in the judgment of LVU, to do this, we used discourse analysis. We summarized all judgments and then described the outcome of each requirement in LVU, we categorized the results for three requirements, other socially destructive behavior, criminal activity and abuse.

Detta arbete har som syfte att undresöka förskollärares uppfattningar om verbala kränkningar mellan barn. Arbetet söker svar på hur de kränkande språket kan vara en del i barns sociala utvecklning. Jag har genomfört intervjuer med förskollärare för att kunna ta del av deras erfarenhet och kunskap inom området. I mina resultat har det framkommit att förskolans pedagoger är en viktig del av barns sociala utveckling. Det är i förskolan man får sina första upplevelser av vänskap, men det är också där i relationerna som man kan bli utsatt, eller utsätta andra, för verbal kränkning.

This paper presents the results of a workplace study of two smaller companies in the design industry. The core issue has been to investigate the companies use of technical tools and to what extent social praxis influence the daily work. The methods used are based on a qualitative analysis of interviews and observations. Various kind of work procedures, such as verbal and computerized, have been identified, but the most important occurrence was how spontaneous conversations between employees required certain flexibility, since the actors repeatedly were required to change focus and quickly perceive different information. For that reason, a thesis has been defined regarding how the use of spontaneous communication put an indirect need of a flexible working environment and also how this lead to more significant participation and exchange of information, as well as more awareness at the companies..

In January 2004 two members of the Pentecostal community Knutby Filadelfia in Uppsalamunicipality, Sweden, were shot by their fellow member Sara Svensson. With a qualitative hermeneutic case study as the principal method this essay takes on the task of not only investigating if and how Stockholm Syndrome can be used as a model for interpreting and understanding the violent incident in Knutby Filadelfia, but also to see if the unique characteristic of the Knutby incident can tell us something about Stockholm Syndrome as a model for understanding violence in religious movements. The material shows Stockholm Syndrome as having been present in Knutby because of among other things, a mileu, leadership and theology that supported the normalization of abuse and the enabling and maintaining of self punishment in the community. While Stockholm Syndrome still is a controversial theory this study shows that it can be used as a powerful tool in the understanding of violence in religious contexts..

This thesis studies public service social workers' opinions regarding their ability to act with moral courage as loyalty conflicts occur. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the social workers' experiences of their possibilities to stand up for what they believe in. We made qualitative interviews with five social workers in Stockholm. In an effort to pinpoint their experiences we asked them questions about what they want but cannot do and what is stop-ping them, what they do not want to do and why, aswell as what the possible solutions would be as loyalty conflicts occur. We were able to identify five different opinions on the organisa-tional cultures and how the employees' experience the extent of their actions.

A publicly funded elderly care that is widely available at people?s homes has been described as unique for the Nordic countries. There is much research that focuses on the relationship between caregivers and care receivers, and also about how work is organized in these organizations. However, research into how care work is organized in organizations that have implemented a salutogenic approach is limited. This is a qualitative study aimed to examine how caregivers feel that the organization of work in elderly care change after implementation of salutogenic elements in their daily work.

My essay is an investigation of American Psychos Patrick Bateman. Why is Patrick Batemans identity one so easily described as shallow and superficial? I discuss theese questions from a marxists point of view putting Bateman in the context of Georg Lukács theories of reification. I compare the structure of Patrick Batemans identity with the idea of an reified identity to se how the mechanisms of reification creates the entity that is Patrick Bateman.My conclusion is that one answer to Batemans shallowness is the phenomenon of reification. To get a grasp of how shallowness might be understood I combine the theories of Lukács with Bakhtins idea of the aouthorative discourse.If one look upon reification as an aouthorative discourse and one also presume that human existence is social and verbal the conclusion is that Patrick Bateman cannot exist because of what he is an example of.

The transition from a planned economy to a market economy was initiated in Russia in the beginning of the 90s. The three components: privatization, liberalization and stabilization constitute the trinity of the transition theory. This thesis has its focus on the privatization, that also can be referred to as a piratization of Russia. The purpose of the thesis is to explain what went wrong with the privatization, and also why it went wrong. A few men, called oligarchs, got their hands on great wealth which has lead to an abuse of power.

Detta arbete handlar om mobbning. Syftet är att ta reda på vad pedagogen ska göra då den upptäckt mobbning. Jag har valt att avgränsa till mobbning mellan barn/elever. Även om fokus riktar sig mot pedagogen tas även målsman och elever upp, eftersom de är viktiga parter i detta sammanhang.Mobbning finns i alla åldrar och försämrar skolprestationer. Vad och hur vuxna talar påverkar barn och elevers beteenden.