Sammanfattning Uppsatsen titel: Affärsänglar ? Värdefulla för företagen? Seminariedatum: 28 januari 2003 Ämne: Magisteruppsats i redovisning 10 p. Författare: Caroline Karlsson Annette Nilsson Handledare: Hans Landström Företag: Aspiro AB, Galenica AB, Ludesi AB Fem nyckelord: Affärsängel, informella investerare, venture capital-företag, entreprenörskap, värde Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att utifrån företagens perspektiv besvara följande frågeställningar: Vilken form av arbete utför affärsänglarna inom företagen och innebär detta att värde tillförs?  Tar företagen verkligen tillvara på de eventuella värden som affärsänglarna medför och om så är fallet på vilket sätt?  Finns det möjlighet för företagen att ta tillvara på affärsänglarnas egenskaper på ytterligare sätt och i så fall hur? Metod: I uppsatsen använder vi en kvalitativ metod med företagande av fallstudier. Vi har i fallföretagen genomfört personliga intervjuer.

Our purpose was to examine why and how to start a ?bridge building enterprise? between qualified Chinese human capital and Swedish structure capital. The theoretical framework consists of literature from well renowned authors and is divided into four different parts: Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management, China & Intercultural understanding. The empirical foundation has been gathered from a great variety of different sources in an attempt to cover the many complex angels in which this subject can be looked upon. Chinese students, managers in international companies with experience from China, Chinese employees in Swedish companies and different people with good knowledge of different areas of China are all among our respondents.In our conclusion we have reached the three following conclusions for why one should start a ?bridge building? enterprise in between qualified Chinese human capital and Swedish structure capital:-To fill future shortage of qualified human capital in Sweden.-To improve communication between Swedish companies and the Chinese market.-To develop qualified Chinese human capital with western standards..

Social enterprises are increasingly gaining ground as an organisational form in Sweden, however the institutional structures for financing these types of organisations are yet to be established. With its usual origin within the civic society, social enterprises prioritise a higher goal than to maximise economic profit, which often causes these organisations to be dependent upon resources from external constituents within its institutional environment. The aim of this study was to examine how a social enterprise, which derives from the civic society, acts to mobilise resources from constituents in its institutional environment. This was executed through a case study of Jordbro Världsorkester (JVO) - a typical organisation in the civic society which takes the form of a social enterprise - by identifying how assets were used to gain resources in strategic responses to institutional processes and examining how institutional processes affects how JVO acts. Throughout the study, qualitative interviews were conducted with JVO and constituents in its institutional environment and a theoretical framework was developed which explains how capital is used to gain more capital in an emergent strategy of strategic responses as the organisation gets in contact with institutional processes from its institutional environment.

In commercial firms, the inventory is often the largest and most important entry and to have acorrectly valued inventory is an important prerequisite in the statement of accounts. However,the inventory is considered to be one of the entries that are most difficult to value among thecompanies assets and this is why we have investigated how large commercial firms valuetheir inventories. We have used relevant theory and conducted a number of interviews withpeople who are knowledgeable when it comes to valuation of inventories. Our conclusion isthat commercial firms work in different ways and that there is no general method which isused by all commercial companies..

Under 2010 var nästan var tredje VC investering i Sverige riktat till Life Sciences.Life Sciences är en bransch som täcker områdena bioteknik, medicinteknik, medicin och sjukvård. Branschen kännetecknas av att företagen arbetar mycket utifrån framtida förväntningar och ej framställda produkter. Därför är det viktigt för VC företagen som agerar inom Life Sciences att kunna identifiera den potential och de problem som kommer med en investering. För att bekräfta potentialen och problemen genomförs en due diligence. Due diligence är till för att finna styrkor och svagheter.

Uppsatsen handlar om hur det intellektuella kapitalet i de två bankerna Handelsbanken och SEB skiljer sig åt. Vi försöker också se hur skillnader i resultat och utveckling för Handelsbanken går att förklara med hjälp av det intellektuella kapitalet. Uppsatsen är av utforskande karaktär med tyngdpunkt på Handelsbanken men med SEB som jämförande faktor..

Management consulting firms are an important part of the knowledge economy and they capitalize on the analytical ability and knowledge of their employees. Much research have been made on large consulting firms and their management of knowledge, but little is known about how small consultancies manage their knowledge. Even less is known about the management of knowledge in small consultancies specialized in change management. These firms rely solely on senior consultants and focus on the human aspect of organizational development. This thesis aims to show how these firms manage their knowledge and also provide an understanding of why.

The work of the board in owner-managed firms often differ compared to the work of the board in large listed companies. Since the owners are working in different roles, the board in owner-managed firms might discuss topics outside the typical boards agenda, such as questions relating to ownership structure and operational matters. This thesis examines what external board members can contribute with in owner-managed firms, and which the most frequent difficulties are for the owners when deciding to recruit external board members. Through qualitative interviews, three owner-managed firms have been studied, which together with two expert interviews and five seminars, creates the empirics. In the analysis, the empirics are compared to what the earlier theory states.

Introduction: There was a reduction in Sweden of the share capital in 2010, in which the share capital was reduced from 100 000 SEK to 50 000 SEK. The reason behind the reduction of the share capital was to enable more people to start limited liability companies in Sweden. Meanwhile in Europe, they questioned the function of the share capital, and as a result of this discussion a number of European countries have abolished the requirement for the share capital in limited liability companies.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what meaning the share capital has to entrepreneurs based on their own businesses, and to see what function the share capital have for the creditors.Problem: What are the meaning of the share capital for today´s entrepreneurs and its creditors?Methodology: The study is based on a qualitative research method in which a cross-sectional study was done with four small limited liability companies and four creditors.Conclusions: The share capital functions and meaning has lost its intended meaning as creditor protection and the help to facilitate the raising of capital. The share capitals intention has to some extent been eroded.

Problemdiskussion: Att vencap bolag använder sig av kriterier vid investeringar är välkänt, men hur går man tillväga för att utvärdera dessa kriterier? Vilka metoder använder man? Detta är vad vi kommer att studera i följande uppsats. Syfte: Det finns idag en del undersökningar som har tittat på vilka kriterier vencap bolagen använder sig av vid investeringar. Däremot inte så mycket om hur man går tillväga vid utvärderingen av dessa kriterier. I följande uppsats kommer vi att undersöka hur man gör och om det finns något mönster i våra fallföretags metoder.

This is a qualitative study about small auditing firms and their customer relationships with SMEs. It contains a total of eight interviews, two with audit firms and six with SME?s.The purpose of the study is to understand how small audit firms manage their customer relationships and if it exist any expectation gaps between the audit firm and the SME.One of the conclusions is that trust is fundamental and gets stronger over time; it is also linked with the personal relationship between the business owner and the auditor/accountant..

I en vid definition är riskkapital alla investeringar i onoterade bolag som bidrar till det egna kapitalet. En annan kännetecknande egenskap är att investeringarna är tidsbegränsade med målet att avyttras inom 3-7 år. Den vanligaste orsaken till att företag väljer att samarbeta med riskkapitalister är ganska given, de behöver kapital till sin verksamhet. När ett företag använder sig av riskkapital hamnar det i en typ av beroendesi-tuation gentemot finansiären, där denna har möjligheten att ställa orimliga krav. Det finns många faktorer som rimligtvis borde påverka vilka krav på finansieringen av företaget som riskkapitalisten kan ställa samt även vilket engagemang de har. Några faktorer kan vara företagets utvecklingsfas, stor-lek på investering, bransch och företagsledningens kompetens. Våra problemfrågor är: Vilka krav ställer riskkapitalisterna i form av storlek på aktiepost, typ av aktie, styrelseposter för att genomföra en investering? Vilket engagemang har riskkapitalister i sina portföljföretag, är de aktiva eller passiva? Vårt syfte är att beskriva vilka krav riskkapitalister ställer på företagen de ska investera i samt vilket engagemang de har i sina portföljföretag.

The main intention with this thesis is to investigate the relationship between dividends and investments. We hypothesize that firms may be forced to cut back on investments if dividends are not curtailed in times of poor annual earnings. According to contemporary theories, we argue that firms may be reluctant to cut back on dividends even when annual earnings decline and the level of investments will consequently be determined by the financial mobility of companies. The survey is carried out by means of a quantitative analysis, which includes all firms quoted on the exchange of Stockholm from 1980 through 2000. On the contrary of previous research, we conclude that even firms with high dividends can be forced to curtail investments if payouts to shareholders are maintained or increased when companies are faced with a decline in annual earnings..

Since the Chinese economy?s reform in 1980, it has been attracting enormous foreign investments. Many Swedish firms from different sectors such as technology, manufactory production, consumer, service industries and so on, had started their investments in China. China has become the first choice for global manufacturing due to the huge market, continuous economic growth, stable political situation, sound investment environment and the WTO membership. In addition, China's enormous potential in finance, service, infrastructure, telecommunications, wholesales and retail industries will also attract a great deal of foreign capital.

The purpose of this study was to examine earnings quality and earnings management in U.S. ex-post failed firms. A quantitative study was made, using the Modified Jones Model, to identify abnormal accruals up to six years before bankruptcy. 9 003 continuing firms and 187 bankrupt firms, active sometime between 1990 and 2010, were examined. The study concludes that U.S.