In course of time the role of the individual being has become increasingly important in the fight against poverty. Through its microcredit programmes, the organization Grameen Bank offers ?aid to self-help? to poor women on the countryside in Bangladesh. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how participation in Grameen?s microcredit programmes can affect these women?s social situation and working situation.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utvärdera täckningen av studentuppsatser gentemot de målsättningarUmeå Universitet har för databasen DiVA (Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet). I utvärderingen görs dels en bakgrundsstudie av DiVA och Open Access samt en lokal studie av Umeå Universitetsdeltagande. Vid universitetet är det i dagsläget obligatoriskt för avhandlingar att publiceras, men något liknande krav finns inte på studentuppsatser.Jag gjorde även en undersökning över hur frågan om obligatorisk publicering, av materialproducerat vid lärosätet, hanterats vid andra lärosäten i Sverige, vilket visar att man vid mångalärosäten valt att göra det obligatoriskt även för studentuppsatser att registreras. Bland orsakerna till detta nämns att det ökar spridningen, tillgängligheten och citering (eller användning) av arbetet, samt att det har ett pedagogiskt värde och ökar möjligheterna för kvalitetsgranskning.Slutligen gjordes en undersökning av täckningen av studentuppsatser från institutioner vidSamhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, där jag jämförde hur många uppsatser som skrevs totalt 2007 och hur många av dem som fanns registrerade i DiVA.Resultaten visar att täckningen i överlag är dålig, något som inte motsvarar målsättningen att sprida information om vad universitetet producerar, och fakulteten eller universitet bör överväga attgenomföra en mer ingående utredning av möjligheterna att göra det obligatoriskt att studentuppsatser ska publiceras elektroniskt i DiVA..

AbstraktTitel: Hur får ungdomar tillgång till tobak? ? En kvantitativstudie bland ungdomar i Halland Författare: Sandra Mellberg & Linda Vigren Sektion: Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle Handledare: Solgun Folke & Eja Pedersen Högskola: Högskolan i Halmstad Tid: 2009-12-17 Sidantal: 13 Nyckelord: Röka vattenpipa, rökning, snusning, tillgång till tobak, ungdomar.Sammanfattning:  Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur ungdomar i åldrarna 14- 16 år får tillgång till tobak. Metoden var kvantitativ med enkät som datainsamlingsinstrument. Studien var en tvärsnittsstudie. Över hälften av de undersökta ungdomarna visste hur de skulle kunna få tag i tobak på ett enkelt sätt.

This work was conducted during spring and summer 2012 together with the company Uppsala Academy of Management as the principal. The two main objectives for the work are that: ? Make a comparison between the measured volume in the standing forest and the measured volume at the industry on Uppsala Academy of Managements actual stumpage sale volume to see how well it conforms. ? Examine if the buyers see any particular advantages or disadvantages of actual stumpage sale volume and what they think of Uppsala Academy of Managements actual stumpage sale volume and structure in general. I chose to use actual stumpage sale volume from the tree years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in my work. I divided the actual stumpage sale volume following four categories which was pine, spruce, pine/spruce and seed trees. After that I picked out sixteen actual stumpage sale volumes from each category to be a part of the work.

The structural rationalization of rural firms in Sweden has led to many new creative ways of developing companies. The agriculture sector is characterized by the need of capital in form of buildings, labor and inventory. The rationalization process has led to free capacity in rural firms when new technology make buildings and inventory not longer necessary for the production process. To get a better cost coverage this free capacity can be used to start-up new business areas that help the rural firm to growth.The study aims to identify factors that motives entrepreneurs in rural firms to develop new business areas. The purpose is also to analyze driving forces that lies behind development of rural firms and the forces that support or not support development in rural firms.The study is built upon five cases that all can be categorized as firms with different size and orientation.

Studiens syfte är att utveckla kunskap om lärares motivation till användning av digitalteknik i undervisningen. Ämnet belyses genom frågeställningarna; Vilken förståelse har lärare för den digitala teknikens roll i undervisningen? och Vilka aspekter påverkar lärarnas motivation till användning av digitalteknik i undervisningen? I studien deltar fem verksamma lärare som undervisar i årskurs 1-6. Utifrån semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer beskrivs och kategoriseras aspekter som påverkar lärarnas motivation till att använda digitalteknik i undervisningen.   Studien visar att tvetydighet präglar lärarnas förståelse för den digitala tekniken. Lärarna uppvisar en förståelse för teknikens möjligheter och utnyttjar den för personlig utveckling och som informationsbank.Det framkommer dock inte lika frekvent att den digitala tekniken används i undervisningssituationen.   Det är flera aspekter som påverkar lärarnas drivkraft att använda digitalteknik i undervisningen.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine if academic libraries market e-journals, and if so how this work is carried out. The ambition is to study what channels and methods the Libraries use, to inform their users that they have access to e-journals. The aim is also to survey if the libraries evaluate the use of the e-journals, and if so how. The objectives of the work are reached by using two main methods, document analysis and qualitative interviews. The study has been performed on three university libraries.

How the running and controlling goes, vary on different municipalities, depending how the organization is constructed and what is being prioritised. There exist laws and directives which the businesses have to follow, but beyond this the organisations are quite free to prioritise and to decide what the best is for the community as a whole unit. The municipality has access to different tools which purpose is to help them running the organization as good as possible, so they can create a well-operated business. This is very important, regarding that the tax money should be spent in an effective way, and be able to do so it is required good and well-functioned system of control.A big change has happened when the instrument BSC (Balanced Scorecard) was introduced in certain municipality. In this essay the focus lies on two municipalities, Vellinge and Kristianstad.

The aim of this master thesis is to investigate how parents? in multilingual families perceive language learning and reading for young children, and how their practice of this can be understood in relation to their language situation and cultural background.This study focuses on the interaction between parents? and young children in the light of the literacy practice. Important concepts such as early childhood literacy and family literacy have been used to study language, culture and literacy practice as phenomena that interact. The theoretical framework is a sociocultural perspective. Through qualitative interviews with seven parents?, it was found that multilingual families have a strong ambition for their children to learn all the languages spoken in the family.

Background: Nosocomial infections pose a big threat to patient safety and increased costs for society. An effective way of preventing cross-infections is to apply hygiene routines. Studies show that compliance to hygiene routines is low while there's a lack of knowledge about the best way of improving it. Aim: To investigate whether a conversation based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) could influence a nurse's compliance to hygiene routines and whether it could benefit the understanding of a nurse's compliance. Method: A quantitative and qualitative method was used in the study and included one nurse.

Lundbergs Plåt AB is a small company situated in Jönköping. Their main task is to process different kinds of steel such as stainless steel. Lately, they have shown an interest in Lean production.On the basis of the situation mentioned above, we developed the purpose to find and decrease the non value-added wastes in the production at Lundbergs Plåt AB. Out of this, we also developed and answered two questions: Which wastes can be found with help from a value stream mapping (VSM)? In what way can these wastes be reduced and how can these reductions contribute to an improved production? VSM is the method used to find the non value-added wastes.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine which factors influence librarians selection of electronic information sources, and to investigate whether librarians use of search strategies and search tactics changes depending on which information source they use. The electronic information sources are: online databases, Online Public Access Catalogues OPAC, World Wide Web, and CD-ROM databases. The theoretical framework is based on step 3 Select a source and step 4 Formulate a Query in Marchioninis information seeking model. The search strategies are divided into two categories: analytical and browsing strategies. In order to supplement the theoretical framework with empirical facts, 8 librarians were interviewed.

This study focusses on how people in Sweden commemorate their dogs and handle their demise. By examining memorial texts for dogs that are presented by their owners on internet forums, memorial texts that are used on gravestones on an animal cemetery as well as an interview with an animal nurse, the study examines how dogs are humanized and treated in human-like ways. With theories about new animism, social acceptance (nomos) and ontology as the theoretical framework, the study provides an analysis of strategies by which people tend to humanize dogs in ways that are often similar to the handling and mourning of human deceased.                                               The empirical data illustrate how dog owners in Swedish society who have lost their beloved pet express themselves in terms of religious terminology. According to memorial texts, the dogs go to heaven, where they may be reunited with their owners, become free from their diseases, and in some cases they are buried in separate graves in animal cemeteries. The study also illustrates how dogs in Sweden today have almost equal opportunities and access to medical care as human beings.

Cloud Computing has taken the IT world by storm and has created new opportunities for usersto seamlessly access different services. The cloud offers a variety of different services thatsuit both large and small organizations. Cloud computing is still in development and manyorganizations are beginning to consider or have implemented a form of cloud service. Thisalso leads to a series of questions and problems, both new and old. The IT industry hashighlighted a problem in organizations confidence in cloud services, because a third party willbe handling a part of the organization that the company has previously handled themselves.This papers main focus is how to increase organizations trust in cloud service providers.

This paper aims to analyze how preservation of and access to old and rare book collections are organized in public libraries in Serbia. The paper is based on an analysis of documents, a survey and qualitative interviews with librarians in Belgrade and Novi Sad. Serbia is a country that has experienced violent historical periods with far-reaching consequences for its old and rare book collections. The interpretative background refers to documents about cultural policy in Europe and in Serbia. Serbia is a country in transition which aims to join the European Union.