A co-operation is established when a group of people, sharing the same preferences and values, come together in order to satisfy a common need. The co-operative association should be democratic, governed and supervised by its members and open to everyone. The purpose of this article is to, from our ideal type, study similarities and differences regarding the corporate governance of the consumers? and the producers? co-operative movement. The motive behind our choice of alignment is that the mechanisms of corporate governance often are described from the perspective of the joint-stock company, making it valuable and interesting to study these mechanisms from the co-operative point of view.

The main objective of this study is to divide a number of colorectal cancer cases into subgroups based on their molecular features using cluster analysis. The data used is supplied by a research group at Pathology, the Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, and consists, after some preparation, of 455 observations which is a larger data set than many similar studies. The molecular variables that the clustering is based on are CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype), MSI (Micro Satellite Instability), BRAF- and KRAS-mutations. These are categorical variables and consequently the clustering method used is PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) which is particularly useful with data on diverse variable level. The final analysis results in four subgroups that are represented by different combinations of attributes on the aforementioned variables.

?I den här studien undersöks sambandet mellan motorik och lärande. Syftet är att teoretiskt och empiriskt få ökad förståelse för hur elevers motoriska utveckling påverkar lärande. Studien utförs med hjälp av litteraturstudie och lärarintervjuer. Mina frågeställningar är:Hur utvecklar barn sin motorik? Vad betyder motorik för lärandet? Hur arbetar förskolelärare och klasslärare med motorik?Lärare har en viktig uppgift att arbeta med motorik både i förskolan och i skolan för att barnen ska utveckla sin motorik.

The purpose of this thesis is to study and determine how working in cross functional teams can generate value in an effort to facilitate innovation. An inductive scientific perspective is chosen as the research approach. A single case is investigated with the theoretical framework based on Resource Based View, Intellectual Capital, Innovation theory and theories concerning Cross Functional Teams. The empirical material has been collected through primary data; surveys, interviews and secondary data; literature, websites and further complementary data. The practice of using Cross Functional Teams will enhance organizational learning, knowledge transfer, increase communication and innovation, which in turn will increase the speed and performance of the new product development process.

Modern krigföring genomförs till stor del i form av gemensamma operationer. Helikoptern är en relativt ny tillgång i modern krigföring men används i stor utsträckning för olika uppgifter. Helikopterns förmåga att flyga men ändå bibehålla en nära kontakt med markstyrkorna har gjort den unik, men det har även inneburit att den har varit svår att placera, luft eller mark, vilket i sin tur inneburit att teoriutvecklingen kring helikoptern gått långsamt. Uppsatsen skall beskriva ett tänkbart sätt att nyttja helikopterns förmågor i gemensamma operationer. Arbetet utförs i två steg där första steget görs för att generera en teori utifrån teorier om kombinerad bekämpning, gemensamma operationer och teorier om helikopterns förmågor.

The running of gas turbines with low emissions causes high pressure pulsations to arise in the combustion chamber. These pulsations are high amplitude sound vibrations. At some frequencies these are harmful to the gas turbine. Hence these pulsations are monitored to avoid operating conditions where pulsations are specifically harmful. It is necessary to expose the system of known pulsations to verify the functionality of the monitoring process.

Som en del i Maskiningenjörsutbildningen vid Karlstads Universitet har detta examensarbete utförts under en 15 veckors period. Uppdragsgivare är Scana Steel AB:s stålverk i Björneborg och arbetet behandlar en av deras traverser. Arbetet bestod i att lokalisera och om möjligt förinta vibrationer som uppfattas som störande i förarhytten till traversen. För att lokalisera vibrationerna har olika analyser genomförts med hjälp av SpectraPro samt Vibshape, vilket är två mjukvaror tillhörande mätutrustningen Easy Viber. Dessa två program ger oss möjlighet att se animeringar av traverskroppens rörelse och visa spektran för specifika punkter.Analyserna visar på att förarhytten huvudsakligen rör sig vid tre olika frekvenser.

The purpose of my empirical study is to see if and how teachers meet the students needs of physical activities in the daily work in the classroom. I also want to explore how different teachers see the connection between the concepts: physical activity and learning. To fulfill the purpose, I have chosen to ask four questions that I will work on in my study.How much and what type of physical activities do the students do in a typical day at school?What happens with the students when they have had a moment of physical activities in the classroom?Do the teachers see any connection between the physical activity and the pupils' ability to concentrate?How do teachers look upon the relationship between physical activity and learning?To get answers to my questions, I have observed and interviewed five teachers. I have compiled and analyzed the results.

Alternative splicing is a process that partly rejects the common definition of a gene ? that one gene codes for one specific protein. By variable combination of coding regions (exons) and exclusion of non-coding regions (introns), formation of several different mRNA-transcripts, and consequently several different proteins, can derive from the same gene. Alternative splicing is an important condition for the development of complex life forms, but it is also a highly sensitive process and inaccurate splicing is the cause of approximately 15 % of mutations that cause genetic diseases. This article presents four genes, BRCA1, BRCA2, ER? and ER?, and inaccurate splicing of these genes increases the risk of developing cancer, particularly breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

The competition has increased with the establishment of the new banks and the credit institutes taking on the market, the big banks are no longer alone on the market.In speed with the increased range, have also the marketing and the recruit of new bank customers become more driven.Bank customers with lacks in the Swedish language, is a segment with potential which doesn?t get used by the banks and in turn of that the bank customers doesn?t get their needs satisfied.The purpose with this survey was to analyze if the four largest banks, Föreningssparbanken, Handelsbanken, Nordea and SEB had prepared strategies that were directed to bank customers with lacks in the Swedish language. In those cases the banks had strategies, respective measures were presented.Furthermore the bank customers with lacks in the Swedish language were studied if they experienced that the banks were using measures to satisfy their language needs in contact with the banks and presented the benefit of them.The information about the banks strategies was assembled through interviews with persons from each bank. The bank customers experience was assembled through a questionnaire survey.The result showed that the banks hade different strategies for reaching out to these customers, it was from showing understanding to multicultural offices. Half of the customers appreciated that the banks pressured themselves for them by being patient, explained the services and in some cases had staff that could several language.

The education sector can be seen as a cornerstone of today's society, an organization that is under constant change and evolve as society. The compulsory school system is of significant role in society that places high demands on its management. The following study investigates the requirements for documentation in primary school organization and operations, and how these requirements are perceived and affect the school's organization and activities of the study carried out at different levels of the organization so as to get an overall picture of its impact. In order to analyze and create understanding of the results, the study applies the theory of New Public Management and various reforms that can be linked to the increased documentation requirements and its influence in the public administration. Study results show that there is a mixed picture of the documentation impact on the school system. Shown are both positive and negative effects of the documentation requirements.

This Masters thesis work describes a comparison between two different methods for estimation of the down channel (base station to mobile subscriber) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The first estimation method, Optimal Feed-forward Channel Estimation (OFCE), is a conventional method that bases the estimates on data that is known to both sender and receiver, so called pilots. The second method, Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), is an elaboration of OFCE. It also uses user data for estimation. Simulations show that DDCE, in comparison to OFCE, does not attain an improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high bit error rates (BER).

Syftet med vår studie var att ge ett kunskapsbidrag till problemområdet motorik, utveckling och lärande med utgångspunkt från några pedagogers arbete med och förhållningssätt till fysiska aktiviteter och lärande i förskolan. Vi valde att genomföra en kvalitativ studie, där vi intervjuade sex verksamma förskollärare. Tidigare forskning har delade meningar om fysisk aktivitet och dess betydelse för barns lärande. Flera forskare konstaterar dock att det finns ett samband mellan motorik och lärande. Resultatet av studien visade att också verksamma pedagoger ser ett samband mellan motorik och lärande.

The purpose of this work is to find out how present manager contracts are set up in Landstinget Västmanland (the county council of Västmanland), explore managers? perception of these contracts and why managers have chosen leadership. The work has also reviewed the question if managers need to have a relationship or expertise to the activities they lead and which qualifications are needed in such case. The survey was conducted in two divisions in which nine interviews were held with managers at all levels. In addition to this a questionnaire including the 87 managers in the divisions were held.

To get rid of our dependence on fossil fuels we need to make use of renewable energy sources like wind power to a greater extent. Even though wind power is a renewable energy source it can still cause some problems for the close environment. One of the problems is shadow flickering. When the sun is low and the wind blows in a direction so that the rotor blades are positioned at right angles to the sunbeams and ?cut? the sunbeams off.