The purpose of this study is to research into the role of the citizen and the educational system in Sweden throughout periods of time based on previous theoretic works, and also to deepen the understanding of students with special needs in Swedish education focusing on the primary school years. This shall be carried out by illustrating the different points of view and choices within the educational system that are at hand for students with concentration difficulties and social difficulties.I will analyze these points through a cultural and social perspective on contemporary society in order to contribute towards today?s discourse on the norm. The result of this empirical investigation presents a dilemma existing in the democratic educational system of today. Nationally and internationally, the educational system has been structured around a normative system containing both rights and duties that effect everyone working within it.

From an anti-oppressive and a gender perspective, the aim of this paper is to examine whether three English teachers at a comprehensive school in Stockholm make gender conscious selections when selecting novels for their English literature lessons. Through quantitative research, semi-structured interviews and e-mail interviews with these teachers I have attempted to find out if they include both male and female writers when selecting English novels for their students and also what factors affect their selections. I have analyzed the interviews and the quantitative research by using a qualitative and a quantitative content analysis. The theories that I have established my analysis upon are gender theories about the male norm in society, the feminist Simone de Beauvoir?s ideas about the woman as a second gender and the sociologist Raewyn Connell?s gender regimes.

Denna studies syfte är att beskriva och förstå könsmönster i förskolebarns samtal omkring lek. Tidigare forskning har visat att den rådande normen i förskolan är den heterosexuella normen. Studier har visat att man inte vet hur många förskolor som arbetar med jämställdhet för att det inte finns någon skyldighet att rapportera det. Barn anpassar sig till pedagogers och vuxenvärldens normer på hur de förväntas vara.Utifrån empirin, som består av två gruppintervjuer med barn i 4-5årsåldern, så visar det att barnen applicerar de rådande könsstereotypa föreställningarna på leksaker och föremål i sin närmiljö. Enligt min studie så var barnen medvetna om könsmönster och delade upp lekformationer och leksaker i manligt och kvinnligt kodade positioner.

Vårt syfte är att visa på de normer rörande adoptivföräldraskap som finns i Statens nämnd för internationella adoptionsfrågors (NIAs) handböcker och tidskrift NIA informerar. Utifrån queerteorins principer om exkludering och inkludering och forskarens Michael Lipskys teori om närbyråkrater har vi vaskat fram hur normen för adoptivföräldraskapet konstrueras utifrån det biologiska föräldraskapet som ideal.Barnets bästa är den princip som det genomgående hänvisas till i materialet för att motivera kärnfamiljen som norm. Dock är denna princip aldrig definierad men ges innebörd genom NIAs kriterier för adoptivföräldraskapet. Normen för adoptivföräldraskapet är kortfattat den heterosexuella kärnfamiljen..

The aim of this essay is to answer the question of how, and in what ways Martina Bigert?s and Maria Thulin?s picture Allt om min buske (literally, All about my bush) is queer. Inspired by Judith Butler?s idea of the heterosexual matrix, and Michel Foucault?s discourse I attempt to investigate how sex and sexuality are described in relation to heteronormativity, and if Allt om min buske is either norm-breaking or norm-creating in a wider perspective. This study concludes that antinormativity and queerness are evident within the framework of the picture.

Mo?ten som forum fo?r att tra?ffas, sprida information eller lo?sa problem har alltid funnits och det a?r en fo?reteelse som finns pa? alla arbetsplatser idag. Da?rfo?r a?r det ocksa? vanligt att alla har en a?sikt om just mo?ten och hur de fungerar pa? deras arbetsplats. Enligt tidigare studier a?r upplevelsen av effektivitet under mo?ten viktigt fo?r positiva jobbattityder och just attityder och emotionella upplevelser av ett mo?te pa?verkar deltagande och da?rmed hur mo?tets ma?l uppna?s.

The purpose of this study was to find out how gender roles are described in two popular children?s detective stories, one of them written in 2002 and the other in 1946, to be able to compare the two. In order to do this, I used a qualitative research method in which I read and analyzed the text and illustrations of the books out of a gender perspective.I used gender theories describing how stereotypical gender roles are displayed, and these theories were later associated with the books I studied. I also used previous research concerning gender roles in other children's books in order to compare those results with my own.After having read, analyzed and compared the two books, I found vast resemblances between them, but also certain differences. However, it is obvious that the gender roles in both books for the most part are traditional.

This essay is part of a project between Södertörn University College and Stockholm Academic Forum. The focus of the project is gender equality in small- and medium sized companies. I have worked with a construction company called Activa . The majority of the employees at the company were male and I was interested in the consequences of gender construction in such an environment. I think that the basic condition for equality work is an understanding of gender and the male norm.

The main purpose of the study was to collect normative data for Lundamaterialet,revised version, divided into phonology and grammar, for childrenaged 4:6-5:11. Another aim was to explore how children aged 3:0-5:11 had acquiredprepositions and different forms of comparison. 195 children with typicallanguage development participated. The children were divided into six groups,116 children from the three oldest groups participated in the normative data. Theresults showed an increasing mean value with age for both phonology and grammar.The older children had acquired the prepositions and the forms of comparisonbetter than the younger ones.

Bakgrund: Tinnitus och ljudkänslighet är symptom som tycks öka bland ungdomar. En förklaring kan vara att ungdomar tillbringar allt mer och längre tid i bullriga miljöer utan att använda hörselskydd. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att jämföra gymnasieungdomars attityder till stark musik i relation till olika självupplevda hörselsymptom samt med avseende på variablerna norm, risktagande och riskmedvetenhet.Metod: Enkätstudie på 281 gymnasieungdomar i åldrarna 15-19 år, om deras attityder till stark musik. Enkäten bygger bl.a. på frågor och påståenden från Youth Attitude to Noise Scale, Health Belief Model och Theory of Planned Behavior.Resultat: Personer med permanent tinnitus hade mer negativa attityder till stark musik än de som inte hade det.

The purpose of this essay is to examine the construction of the norm-breaking characters Saga from the young adult novel Tusen gånger starkare written by Christina Herrström and Pippi Longstocking from the books written by Astrid Lindgren. In order to do this I have applied queer theory as well as theories of narrative in my analysis.To be able to study the breaking of norms, it has been essential to first examine the way the norm itself is manifested in the books. Because of this I have chosen to begin my analysis with an examination of two other characters who by their normative behavior contrasts against Pippi and Saga, namely Signe and Annika. The understanding of the normative discourse that Signe and Annika represent is crucial in understanding the way Saga and Pippi later turn against it.After that I examine in which ways Saga and Pippi breaks prevalent norms and how they as characters are constructed as being different. Subsequently I study the effects of Saga?s and Pippi?s norm-breaking, taking focus on how it influences Signe and Annika.Finally I discuss the view of Saga and Pippi as subversive characters, and however the books can be said to have a subversive effect.

Erik Andersson: Utanför Murarna: En studie av Ulf Lundells och rockkulturens outsiderpositionering. Uppsala universitet: Institutionen för musikvetenskap, 2007.The main aim of this essay is to show how the artist Ulf Lundell presents himself as someone with an outsider's view of life. This also includes showing that this aspiration is a common one among artists in the rock culture.The aim was reached by studying texts, lyrics, interviews, articles of and with Lundell and then applying theories about authenticity and performativity on this material. In order to put this in a context I looked at a similar material but with a much broader perspective, artists from different countries, genres and eras is here included.The conclusion of this study is that a kind of norm system in the rock culture has developed and Lundell is acting accordingly to these rules. The outsider position has become an important ingredient in Lundell's persona and this position can also be seen as a given norm in the wider context.

One task of school is to counteract traditional gender patterns. Literature is an actor which can affect people?s perceptions of what is feminine and what is masculine. It can therefore be worth looking at the works of fiction that are available for pupils in school. A book that is popular among children and adolescents is Twilight (2007).

Denna uppsats har som syfte att, genom kvalitativa intervjuer, belysa fem kvinnors intresse för spel (dator- och tv-spel) och hur dessa kvinnor i sin tur talar om spel som en del av sin identitet. Frågorna som ställs till empirin handlar om vilka erfarenheter informanterna har av spel som intresse och vilka slutsatser om deras spelande man kan dra av detta. Vidare får vi en inblick i hur det normala ser ut inom spelvärlden, utifrån informanternas berättelser. Sist men inte minst så ställs frågan vad föreställningarna om det normala inom spelvärlden får för konsekvenser för informanternas identitet, och därmed vad detta leder till gällande de möjligheter och begränsningar som dessa kvinnor ställs inför, i relation till sitt intresse och den värld som omger det. Uppsatsen visar på att det inte bara finns en norm för hur en kvinna ska vara som Gamer utan det finns också en normativ femininitet som man bör förhålla sig till.

I have done a comparative gender study of Library of Congress Classification from 1900 and 2001. I have also used a hermeneutic method and ideological critics to find out what picture of women the both systems shows. In my comparative study of the both systems I have found low update of classes which relates to women in the new classification system. Men seem to be a norm in the system, because men are not defined in classes related to both men and women. But many classes related to women are named Women as and Women in The study also shows that women are more related to subjects about family and marriage than men are.